Toxoplasma Effector GRA15-Dependent Suppression of IFN- γ-Induced Antiparasitic Response in Human Neurons

In this study, we found that IL-1β also inhibits IDO1 mRNA expression in the A172 glioblastoma, IMR-32 neuroblastoma, and T98G glioblastoma human brain cell lines and in primary human neurons. Interestingly, the 5 cell lines, Huh7 hepatoma, HepG2 hepatoma, A172 glioblastoma, IMR-32 neuroblastoma, and T98G glioblastoma cell lines, which are derived from human liver and brain tissue, were ranked in the top 5 for IL-1β-dependent IDO1 reduction, suggesting that IL-1β suppresses IDO1-dependent host immunity in the human brain and liver. T. gondii infects its host by using migratory immune cells, such as neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytes, to spread throughout the body via a mechanism known as the Trojan horse mechanism (Coombes et al., 2013). This enables infected immune cells to make contact with various cells, tissues, and organs. Although T. gondii can potentially infect all nucleated cells, the parasite is often isolated from specific organs such as the liver and brain (Robert-Gangneux and Darde, 2012). Here, we found that the Toxoplasma effector GRA15-dependent virulence mechanism operates in human liver and brain cells. Our findings suggest that GRA15-dependent virulent mechanisms may define the liver and brain specificity. We previously reported that IDO1 plays a major role in anti-T. gondii responses in various human cells (Bando et al., 2018b), whereas IDO1-independent anti-T. gondii immune responses involve ATG16L1 and GBP1 in some...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - Category: Microbiology Source Type: research