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Swine influenza A virus: challenges and novel vaccine strategies
Swine Influenza A Virus (IAV-S) imposes a significant impact on the pork industry and has been deemed a significant threat to global public health due to its zoonotic potential. The most effective method of preventing IAV-S is vaccination. While there are tremendous efforts to control and prevent IAV-S in vulnerable swine populations, there are considerable challenges in developing a broadly protective vaccine against IAV-S. These challenges include the consistent diversification of IAV-S, increasing the strength and breadth of adaptive immune responses elicited by vaccination, interfering maternal antibody responses, and ...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Deciphering the epidemiological dynamics: Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in mainland China ’s food animals, 2010-2023
ConclusionThe study conducted a meta-analysis on the seroprevalence of T. gondii in mainland China’s Food Animals from 2010 to 2023, and identified key risk factors. These findings advance our understanding of T. gondii infection dynamics, offering critical insights for developing control strategies and guiding public health policies. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Exploring the impact of pathogenic microbiome in orthopedic diseases: machine learning and deep learning approaches
Osteoporosis, arthritis, and fractures are examples of orthopedic illnesses that not only significantly impair patients’ quality of life but also complicate and raise the expense of therapy. It has been discovered in recent years that the pathophysiology of orthopedic disorders is significantly influenced by the microbiota. By employing machine learning and deep learning techniques to conduct a thorough analysis of the disease-causing microbiome, we can enhance our comprehension of the pathophysiology of many illnesses and expedite the creation of novel treatment approaches. Today’s science is undergoing a revolution b...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Derangements of immunological proteins in HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the frequency and prognostic impact
ConclusionDerangements of immunological proteins are common in HIV-DLBCL, and have a differential association with survival compared to that reported elsewhere. Elevation of TGFβ, IL-10 and ferritin were associated with survival independently from the IPI. In view of the poor survival rates in this cohort, investigation of the directed targeting of these cytokines would be of interest in our setting. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Improved diagnostic markers for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in COPD patients
ConclusionOur study highlights the diagnostic potential of CRP, ESR, PCT, LDH, and CER for IPA in COPD patients. CRP and LDH can also initially predict the need for assisted ventilation, while CRP can initially estimate the length of hospitalization. This study represents the first report of the potential of CER for diagnosing IPA, suggesting its significance for further research. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Francisella tularensis-specific antibody levels in sera from Swedish patients with suspected tularemia during a 13-year period
DiscussionCollectively, the data demonstrate the marked annual and seasonal variations in tularemia sampling occurring in Sweden. Also, the proportion of positive samples increased during months and years with peak number of samples. Another notable finding was that average antibody titers decreased with increased age. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Enterovirus A71 infection-induced dry eye-like symptoms by damaging the lacrimal glands
ConclusionEV-A71 infection affected lacrimal gland structure and function and induced dry eye-like symptoms. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Development and application of one-step multiplex Real-Time PCR for detection of three main pathogens associated with bovine neonatal diarrhea
In this study, we developed a one-step multiplex Real-Time PCR assay to simultaneously detect BRV, BCoV, and E. coli K99+. The assay performance on field samples was evaluated on 1100 rectal swabs of diseased cattle with diarrhea symptoms and compared with the conventional gel-based RT-PCR assay detect BRV, BCoV, and E. coli K99+.ResultsThe established assay could specifically detect the target pathogens without cross-reactivity with other pathogens. A single real-time PCR can detect ~1 copy/µL for each pathogen, and multiplex real-time PCR has a detection limit of 10 copies/µL. Reproducibility as measured by standard de...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

A novel approach to designing viral precision vaccines applied to SARS-CoV-2
Efficient precision vaccines against several highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses are currently lacking. Proteolytic activation is instrumental for a number of these viruses to gain host-cell entry and develop infectivity. For SARS-CoV-2, this process is enhanced by the insertion of a furin cleavage site at the junction of the spike protein S1/S2 subunits upstream of the metalloprotease TMPRSS2 common proteolytic site. Here, we describe a new approach based on specific epitopes selection from the region involved in proteolytic activation and infectivity for the engineering of precision candidate vaccinating antigens. This ap...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Long-term outcomes of survivors with influenza A H1N1 virus-induced severe pneumonia and ARDS: a single-center prospective cohort study
ConclusionThe improvements in pulmonary function and exercise capacity, imaging, and health-related quality of life had different time phase and impact on each other during 12 months of follow-up. Long-term outcomes of pulmonary fibrosis might be related to the lung injury and excessive lung fibroproliferation at the early stage during ICU admission. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 28, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in patients before, during, and after SARS-CoV-2 infection
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) were constantly under the scientific spotlight, but most studies evaluated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of both proteins before, during, and after-infection. For that, nasopharyngeal samples from 26 patients were used to measure ACE2/TMPRSS2 ex-pression via qPCR. Symptomatic patients presented lower ACE2 expression levels before and after the infection than those in asymptomatic patients; however, these levels i...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 28, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Clinical performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for diagnosis of pulmonary Aspergillus infection and colonization
ConclusionBALF mNGS is a valuable tool for differentiating between colonization and infection of Aspergillus. Variations in patients’ age, length of hospital stay, hemoglobin, cough and chest distress are observable between patients with Aspergillus infection and colonization. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 28, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of halogenated phenylboronic acids against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi
Vibrios are associated with live seafood because they are part of the indigenous marine microflora. In Asia, foodborne infections caused by Vibrio spp. are common. In recent years, V. parahaemolyticus has become the leading cause of all reported food poisoning outbreaks. Therefore, the halogenated acid and its 33 derivatives were investigated for their antibacterial efficacy against V. parahaemolyticus. The compounds 3,5-diiodo-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid (DIMPBA) and 2-fluoro-5-iodophenylboronic acid (FIPBA) exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. DIMPBA and FIPBA had minimum inhibitory concentrations of 100 μg...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 28, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Development of a real-time recombinase-aided amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Edwardsiella piscicida
Edwardsiella piscicida, a significant intracellular pathogen, is widely distributed in aquatic environments and causes systemic infection in various species. Therefore, it’s essential to develop a rapid, uncomplicated and sensitive method for detection of E. piscicida in order to control the transmission of this pathogen effectively. The recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay is a newly developed, rapid detection method that has been utilized for various pathogens. In the present study, a real-time RAA (RT-RAA) assay, targeting the conserved positions of the EvpP gene, was successfully established for the detection ...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 28, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Analysis of virulence profiles in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from renal abscesses: clinical significance of hypervirulent isolates
ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of hvKp as a pathogen in renal abscesses. Although the nature of hvKp is relatively unknown, it is widely recognized as a highly virulent pathogen that can infect relatively healthy individuals of various ages and simultaneously cause infections at multiple anatomical sites. Therefore, when treating patients with K. pneumoniae-related renal abscesses, caution is necessary when considering the characteristics of hvKp, such as potential bacteremia, multi-organ abscess formation, and metastatic spread. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 28, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research