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Small RNA-modulated anaerobic respiration allows bacteria to survive under antibiotic stress conditions
Despite extensive knowledge of antibiotic-targeted bacterial cell death, deeper understanding of antibiotic tolerance mechanisms is necessary to combat multi-drug resistance in the global healthcare settings. Regulatory RNAs in bacteria control important cellular processes such as cell division, cellular respiration, metabolism, and virulence. Here, we investigated how exposing Escherichia coli to the moderately effective first-generation antibiotic cephalothin alters transcriptional and post-transcriptional dynamics. Bacteria switched from active aerobic respiration to anaerobic adaptation via an FnrS and Tp2 small RNA-me...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 13, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Editorial: Strategies in the drug discovery and development for leishmaniasis: immunomodulators, natural products, synthetic compounds, and drug repositioning
(Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 13, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Clinical efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionThe meta-analysis indicates that probiotics can improve liver function in alcoholic liver disease, reduce inflammatory responses, regulate intestinal flora, which have potential value in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023472527. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 12, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Altered ocular surface microbiota in obesity: a case-control study
ConclusionsPatients with obesity exhibit a distinct ocular surface core microbiome. The observed variations in this microbiome may correlate with increased activity in CYP450, changes in lipid metabolism, and alterations in NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 12, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Alteration in gut microbiota is associated with immune imbalance in Graves ’ disease
ConclusionOverall, our results highlight the role of gut dysbiosis in contributing to immune dysregulation in GD by affecting lymphocyte status and cytokine production. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 12, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Differential responses to avian pathogenic E. coli and the regulatory role of splenic miRNAs in APEC infection in Silkie chickens
This study paves the way for screening anti-APEC Silkies and provides novel insights into the regulatory role of miRNAs in APEC infection. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 12, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Genotyping of ticks: first molecular report of Hyalomma asiaticum and molecular detection of tick-borne bacteria in ticks and blood from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
This study presented the first genetic report of Hy. asiaticum ticks in Pakistan. Moreover, genetically confirmed tick species were molecularly analyzed by PCR for detection of Rickettsiales DNA using partial fragments of 16S rDNA, 190-kDa outer membrane protein A (ompA), and 120-kDa outer membrane protein B (ompB) genes. In addition, blood samples were analyzed to identify Rickettsiales bacteria using the aforementioned genes. Rickettsiales bacteria were found in 24/126 (19.05%) ticks and 4/16 (25.00%) in symptomatic cattle’s blood. The obtained ompA and ompB sequences from Hy. asiaticum ticks showed 99.73%–99.87% wit...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 12, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Brucella infection and Toll-like receptors
Brucella consists of gram-negative bacteria that have the ability to invade and replicate in professional and non-professional phagocytes, and its prolonged persistence in the host leads to brucellosis, a serious zoonosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best-known sensors of microorganisms implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. In particular, TLRs are transmembrane proteins with a typical structure of an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region and an intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. In this review, we discuss Brucella infection and the aspects of host immune response...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 12, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The interplay between HPV, other Sexually Transmissible Infections and genital microbiome on cervical microenvironment (MicroCervixHPV study)
ConclusionThe importance of using vaginal cytokine profiles and CVM is highlighted in the hypothesis of prevention of Cervical Neoplasia development, as well as in its use as a prognostic biomarker. Taken together, these insights are one step closer to personalized medicine. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 12, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Gallbladder microbial species and host bile acids biosynthesis linked to cholesterol gallstone comparing to pigment individuals
Gallstones are crystalline deposits in the gallbladder that are traditionally classified as cholesterol, pigment, or mixed stones based on their composition. Microbiota and host metabolism variances among the different types of gallstones remain largely unclear. Here, the bile and gallstone microbial species spectra of 29 subjects with gallstone disease (GSD, 24 cholesterol and 5 pigment) were revealed by type IIB restriction site-associated DNA microbiome sequencing (2bRAD-M). Among them (21 subjects: 18 cholesterol and 3 pigment), plasma samples were subjected to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) untarget...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 11, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

PAD-mediated citrullination is a novel candidate diagnostic marker and druggable target for HPV-associated cervical cancer
Citrullination is an emerging post-translational modification catalyzed by peptidyl-arginine deiminases (PADs) that convert peptidyl-arginine into peptidyl-citrulline. In humans, the PAD family consists of five isozymes (PADs 1-4, 6) involved in multiple diseases, including cancer. Given that high-risk (hr) human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the etiological agents of cervical cancer, in this study, we sought to determine whether PAD-mediated protein citrullination would play a functional role in the HPV-driven transformation of epithelial cells. Here we show that both total protein citrullination and PAD4 expression levels ...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 11, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial keratitis: a retrospective analysis of eight years in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Southwest China
ConclusionThe microbial composition primarily consists of Gram-Positive cocci and Gram-Negative bacilli. Among the Gram-Positive bacteria, S. epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the most frequently encountered, while P. aeruginosa is the predominant Gram-Negative bacteria. To combat Gram-Positive bacteria, vancomycin, linezolid, and rifampicin are considered excellent antimicrobial agents. When targeting Gram-Negative pathogens, third-generation cephalosporins exhibit superior sensitivity compared to first and second-generation counterparts. As an initial empirical treatment for severe cases of bacterial keratitis...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 11, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The role of transcriptional regulators in metal ion homeostasis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Metal ions are essential trace elements for all living organisms and play critical catalytic, structural, and allosteric roles in many enzymes and transcription factors. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), as an intracellular pathogen, is usually found in host macrophages, where the bacterium can survive and replicate. One of the reasons why Tuberculosis (TB) is so difficult to eradicate is the continuous adaptation of its pathogen. It is capable of adapting to a wide range of harsh environmental stresses, including metal ion toxicity in the host macrophages. Altering the concentration of metal ions is the common host strate...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 11, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Talaromycosis from Wuhan: two-case report and literature review
ConclusionTalaromycosis has an insidious onset, long course, atypical clinical symptoms, imaging performance and laboratory results, difficult diagnosis, and high mortality. Therefore, it is important to promptly consider and treat Talaromycosis in immunocompromised patients upon infection in order to reduce mortality. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 11, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Exploring blood lipids-immunity associations following HBV vaccination: evidence from a large cross-sectional study
ConclusionThis study suggests that lipid levels may play a role in modulating the immune response following HBV vaccination. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 8, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research