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Antibody responses to Chlamydia trachomatis vaccine candidate antigens in Chlamydia-infected women and correlation with antibody-mediated phagocytosis of elementary bodies
Murine research has revealed a significant role for antibody responses in protection against Chlamydia reinfection. To explore potential humoral immune markers of protection elicited by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) antigens in humans in the context of presumed clinical correlates of protection, we used both an IgG1-based ELISA and a conventional total IgG ELISA to evaluate antibody responses. We evaluated responses to five CT outer membrane proteins (PmpE, PmpF, PmpG, PmpH, and MOMP), along with other promising CT antigens (Pgp3 and HSP60), negative control antigens (RecO and AtpE), and CT elementary bodies (EBs) in sera fro...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Genetic characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli harboring colistin-resistant gene isolated from food animals in food supply chain
This study sought to genomically characterize mcr-mediated colistin resistance in 16 Escherichia coli strains isolated from retail meat samples using whole genome sequencing with short-read and long-read platforms. To assess colistin resistance and the transferability of mcr genes, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and conjugation experiments were conducted. Among the 16 isolates, 11 contained mcr-1, whereas three carried mcr-3 and two contained mcr-1 and mcr-3. All isolates had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for colistin in the range 1–64 μg/mL. Notably, 15 out of the 16 isolates demonstrated successful tran...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Resistome, mobilome, and virulome explored in clinical isolates derived from acne patients in Egypt: unveiling unique traits of an emerging coagulase-negative Staphylococcus pathogen
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of gram-positive staphylococcal species that naturally inhabit the healthy human skin and mucosa. The clinical impact of CoNS-associated infections has recently been regarded as a challenge for diagnosis and therapeutic options. CoNS-associated infections are primarily caused by bacterial resistance to antibiotics and biofilm formation. As antibiotics are still the most used treatment, this problem will likely persist in the future. The present study aimed to investigate the resistance and virulence of CoNS recovered from various acne lesions and explore their genetic bas...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Plasmid-encoded toxin of Escherichia coli cleaves complement system proteins and inhibits complement-mediated lysis in vitro
Plasmid-encoded toxin (Pet) is an autotransporter protein of the serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) family, important in the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli. The pet gene was initially found in the enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) virulence plasmid, pAA2. Although this virulence factor was initially described in EAEC, an intestinal E. coli pathotype, pet may also be present in other pathotypes, including extraintestinal pathogenic strains (ExPEC). The complement system is an important defense mechanism of the immune system that can be activated by invading pathogens. Proteases produced by path...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Cross-sectional analysis of risk factors associated with Mugil cephalus in retail fish markets concerning methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas hydrophila
ConclusionThe pathogenic bacteria recovered in this study were virulent and had a significant correlation with risk factors associated with improper fish handling. Furthermore, a high frequency of MDR was detected in these pathogenic bacteria, posing a significant risk to food safety and public health. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The mechanism of gut-lung axis in pulmonary fibrosis
This article reviews the mechanisms involved in PF, the gut-lung axis theory, and the correlation between the two. Exploring the gut-lung axis mechanism and treatments related to PF from the perspectives of microorganisms, microbial metabolites, and the immune system. The study of the gut-lung axis and PF is still in its early stages. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of PF related to the gut-lung axis, providing ideas for subsequent research and treatment of related mechanisms. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 1, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Alternative in-vivo models of mucormycosis
Mucormycosis is still regarded a rare fungal infection, but the high incidences of COVID-associated cases in India and other countries have shown its potential threat to large patient cohorts. In addition, infections by these fast-growing fungi are often fatal and cause disfigurement, badly affecting patients’ lives. In advancing our understanding of pathogenicity factors involved in this disease, to enhance the diagnostic toolset and to evaluate novel treatment regimes, animal models are indispensable. As ethical and practical considerations typically favor the use of alternative model systems, this review provides an o...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 1, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Use of a Candida albicans SC5314 PacBio HiFi reads dataset to close gaps in the reference genome assembly, reveal a subtelomeric gene family, and produce accurate phased allelic sequences
Candida albicans SC5314 is the most-often used strain for molecular manipulation of the species. The SC5314 reference genome sequence is the result of considerable effort from many scientists and has advanced research into fungal biology and pathogenesis. Although the resource is highly developed and presented in a phased diploid format, the sequence includes gaps and does not extend to the telomeres on its eight chromosome pairs. Accurate SC5314 genome assembly is complicated by the presence of extensive repeated sequences and considerable allelic length variation at some loci. Advances in genome sequencing technology pro...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 1, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The host mannose-6-phosphate pathway and viral infection
Viruses, despite their simple structural composition, engage in intricate and complex interactions with their hosts due to their parasitic nature. A notable demonstration of viral behavior lies in their exploitation of lysosomes, specialized organelles responsible for the breakdown of biomolecules and clearance of foreign substances, to bolster their own replication. The man-nose-6-phosphate (M6P) pathway, crucial for facilitating the proper transport of hydrolases into lysosomes and promoting lysosome maturation, is frequently exploited for viral manipulation in support of replication. Recently, the discovery of lysosomal...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - January 31, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Editorial: The biological mechanism and health effect of co-infection with multiple pathogens
(Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - January 31, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Cross-talk between Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: a scientometric analysis
ConclusionThis study evaluated the global scientific output in HP/GC research and its quantitative characteristics, identified the essential works, and collected information on the current status, main focuses and emerging trends in HP/GC research to provide academics with guidance for future paths. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - January 31, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Beyond the acute phase: a comprehensive literature review of long-term sequelae resulting from infectious diseases
We present a comprehensive literature review delineating the primary sequelae attributable to major infectious diseases, categorized by systems, symptoms, and duration. This compilation serves as a crucial resource, illuminating the long-term ramifications of infectious diseases for healthcare professionals worldwide. Moreover, this review highlights the substantial burden that these sequelae impose on global health and economies, a facet often overshadowed by the predominant focus on the acute phase. Patients are frequently discharged following the resolution of the acute phase, with minimal long-term follow-up to compreh...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - January 31, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

CD81 suppresses NF- κB signaling and is downregulated in hepatitis C virus expressing cells
The tetraspanin CD81 is one of the main entry receptors for Hepatitis C virus, which is a major causative agent to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we identify CD81 as one of few surface proteins that are downregulated in HCV expressing hepatoma cells, discovering a functional role of CD81 beyond mediating HCV entry. CD81 was downregulated at the mRNA level in hepatoma cells that replicate HCV. Kinetics of HCV expression were increased in CD81-knockout cells and accompanied by enhanced cellular growth. Furthermore, loss of CD81 compensated for inhibition of pro-survival TBK1-signaling in HC...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - January 31, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Upregulation of ATP6V0D2 benefits intracellular survival of Leishmania donovani in erythrocytes-engulfing macrophages
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe type of leishmaniasis which is caused by infection of Leishmania donovani complex. In the BALB/c mouse model of VL, multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) with heavy parasite infection consist of the largest population of hemophagocytes in the spleen of L. donovani-infected mice, indicating that MGCs provide the parasites a circumstance beneficial for their survival. Although ATP6V0D2 is a demonstrated factor inducing the formation of hemophagocytic MGCs during L. donovani infection, functions of this protein in shaping the infection outcome in macrophages remain unclear. Here we e...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - January 31, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Bacteriophage therapy for drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections
This article provides a comprehensive overview of phage biology, animal models, diverse clinical case treatments, and clinical trials in the context of drug-resistant S. aureus phage therapy. It also assesses the strengths and limitations of phage therapy and outlines the future prospects and research directions. This review is expected to offer valuable insights for researchers engaged in phage-based treatments for drug-resistant S. aureus infections. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - January 31, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research