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The cutaneous beta human papillomavirus type 8 E6 protein induces CCL2 through the CEBP α/miR-203/p63 pathway to support an inflammatory microenvironment in epidermodysplasia verruciformis skin lesions
Human papillomavirus type 8 (HPV8), a cutaneous genus beta HPV type, has co-carcinogenic potential at sun-exposed sites in patients suffering from the inherited skin disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). We had previously shown that Langerhans cells responsible for epithelial immunosurveillance were strongly reduced at infected sites and that the HPV8 E7 protein interferes with the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)β to suppress the Langerhans cell chemokine CCL20. At the same time, however, we observed that EV lesions are heavily infiltrated with inflammatory immune cells, which is similar to the situation in...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

PEX1 is essential for glycosome biogenesis and trypanosomatid parasite survival
In this study, we functionally characterized a putative Trypanosoma PEX1 orthologue by bioinformatic and experimental approaches and show that it is a true PEX1 orthologue. Using yeast two-hybrid analysis, we demonstrate that TbPEX1 can bind to TbPEX6. Endogenously tagged TbPEX1 localizes to glycosomes in the T. brucei parasites. Depletion of PEX1 gene expression by RNA interference causes lethality to the bloodstream form trypanosomes, due to a partial mislocalization of glycosomal enzymes to the cytosol and ATP depletion. TbPEX1 RNAi leads to a selective proteasomal degradation of both matrix protein import receptors TbP...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Factor H-related protein 1 promotes complement-mediated opsonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important human opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections. The complement system is the main early host defense mechanism to control these infections. P. aeruginosa counteracts complement attack by binding Factor H (FH), a complement regulator that inactivates C3b, preventing the formation of the C3-convertase and complement amplification on the bacterial surface. Factor H-related proteins (FHRs) are a group of plasma proteins evolutionarily related to FH that have been postulated to interfere in this bacterial mechanism of resisting complement. Here, we show that FHR-1 ...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Isoprinosine as a foot-and-mouth disease vaccine adjuvant elicits robust host defense against viral infection through immunomodulation
ConclusionThese findings present an attractive strategy for constructing novel FMD vaccines and other difficult-to-control livestock virus vaccine formulations based on isoprinosine induced immunomodulatory functions. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Evaluation of novel compounds as anti-bacterial or anti-virulence agents
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat, leading to an alarming increase in the prevalence of bacterial infections that can no longer be treated with available antibiotics. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2050 up to 10 million deaths per year could be associated with antimicrobial resistance, which would equal the annual number of cancer deaths worldwide. To overcome this emerging crisis, novel anti-bacterial compounds are urgently needed. There are two possible approaches in the fight against bacterial infections: a) targeting structures within bacterial cells, similar to existing antibiotics; and/or b...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Integrins regulation of wound healing processes: insights for chronic skin wound therapeutics
Integrins are heterodimers composed of non-covalently associated alpha and beta subunits that mediate the dynamic linkage between extracellular adhesion molecules and the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Integrins are present in various tissues and organs and are involved in different physiological and pathological molecular responses in vivo. Wound healing is an important process in the recovery from traumatic diseases and consists of three overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Integrin regulation acts throughout the wound healing process to promote wound healing. Prolonged inflammation may lea...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 5, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Dynamic modulation of the non-canonical NF- κB signaling pathway for HIV shock and kill
HIV cure still remains an elusive target. The “Shock and Kill” strategy which aims to reactivate HIV from latently infected cells and subsequently kill them through virally induced apoptosis or immune mediated clearance, is the subject of widespread investigation. NF-κB is a ubiquitous transcription factor which serves as a point of confluence for a number of intracellular signaling pathways and is also a crucial regulator of HIV transcription. Due to its relatively lower side effect profile and proven role in HIV transcription, the non-canonical NF-κB pathway has emerged as an attractive target for HIV reactivation,...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 5, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Genome and evolution of Tibet orbivirus, TIBOV (genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae)
Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) was first isolated from Anopheles maculatus mosquitoes in Xizang, China, in 2009. In recent years, more TIBOV strains have been isolated in several provinces across China, Japan, East Asia, and Nepal, South Asia. Furthermore, TIBOVs have also been isolated from Culex mosquitoes, and several midge species. Additionally, TIBOV neutralizing antibodies have been detected in serum specimens from several mammals, including cattle, sheep, and pigs. All of the evidence suggests that the geographical distribution of TIBOVs has significantly expanded in recent years, with an increased number of vector species...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 5, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Ursodeoxycholic acid does not reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection in newly allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: a prospective NICHE cohort
ConclusionThe effectiveness of UDCA in protecting newly allo-HSCT recipients against SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unconfirmed. Presently, the most effective strategy appears to be minimizing exposure to SARS-CoV-2.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04645199, identifier NCT04645199. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 5, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Diagnosis and management of invasive fungal diseases in non-neutropenic ICU patients, with focus on candidiasis and aspergillosis: a comprehensive review
Invasive fungal diseases pose a significant threat to non-neutropenic ICU patients, with Candida and Aspergillus infections being the most common. However, diagnosing these infections in the ICU population remains challenging due to overlapping clinical features, poor sensitivity of blood cultures, and invasive sampling requirements. The classical host criteria for defining invasive fungal disease do not fully apply to ICU patients, leading to missed or delayed diagnoses. Recent advancements have improved our understanding of invasive fungal diseases, leading to revised definitions and diagnostic criteria. However, the dia...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 5, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Subversion of a family of antimicrobial proteins by Salmonella enterica
In conclusion, functional subversion of innate immune proteins of the BPIF family through binding to fimbriae promotes Salmonella virulence by survival of host defense and promotion of host colonization. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 5, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The impact of gut microbiota on autoimmune thyroiditis and relationship with pregnancy outcomes: a review
This article reviews the characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients with AITD and the current research on its impact in pregnancy. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 5, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Development and validation a nomogram prediction model for early diagnosis of bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit
ConclusionThe nomogram developed in this study provides a valuable tool for clinicians and nurses to assess individual risk, enabling them to identify patients at a high risk of bloodstream infections in the ICU. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 4, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Detection of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in ocular samples is linked to viral load in the nasopharynx
ConclusionWe could detect SARS-CoV-2 in eyes of some of the infected patients albeit at lower levels compared to nasopharyngeal swabs. However, our results also indicate that lacrimal fluid might be infectious in patients with high viral load. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 4, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Bumble bee microbiota shows temporal succession and increase of lactic acid bacteria when exposed to outdoor environments
ConclusionThe bumble bee microbiota showed a dynamic temporal succession with distinct compositional changes and diversification over time when placed outdoor. The exposure of bumble bees to environmental conditions, or environmental microbes, increases dissimilarity and changes the gut-community composition. This shows the importance of environmental influences on the temporal dynamic and progression of the bumble bee microbiota. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 4, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research