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The recovery of intestinal barrier function and changes in oral microbiota after radiation therapy injury
This study aims to analyze the levels of immunoglobulin SIgA, inflammatory factors, lymphocyte subsets quantity, and proportion in surgical specimens of intestinal mucosa at different time intervals after radiotherapy, in order to seek investigation for the optimal surgical time after radiotherapy and to provide evidence for finding probiotics or immunomodulators through high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16s rRNA in patients' saliva microbiota. Ultimately, this may provide new ideas for reducing perioperative complications caused by radiotherapy-induced intestinal damage.MethodsWe selected intestinal mucosal tissue a...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 7, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Editorial: Chlamydia-host interaction and its pathogenic mechanism
(Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Characterization of AI-2/LuxS quorum sensing system in biofilm formation, pathogenesis of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is an opportunistic pathogen of both humans and animals. Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in the regulation of bacterial group behaviors. The aim of this study was to characterize the LuxS in SEZ and evaluate its impact on biofilm formation, pathogenesis and gene expression. The wild-type SEZ and its LuxS mutant (ΔluxS) were examined for growth, biofilm formation, virulence factors, and transcriptomic profiles. Our results showed that LuxS deficiency did not affect SEZ hemolytic activity, adhesion or capsule production. For biofilm assay demonstrated that mutation i...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Mechanistic regulation of HERV activation in tumors and implications for translational research in oncology
Transcription of distinct loci of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and in some cases, translation of these transcripts have been consistently observed in many types of cancer. It is still debated whether HERV activation serves as a trigger for carcinogenesis or rather occurs as a consequence of epigenetic alterations and other molecular sequelae that characterize cellular transformation. Here we review the known molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of HERV activation in cancer cells as well as its potential contribution to carcinogenesis. Further, we describe the use of HERV expression in cancer diagnostic and characte...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Evaluation of nucleotide MALDI-TOF-MS for the identification of Mycobacterium species
ConclusionIn conclusion, nucleotide MALDI-TOF-MS is a promising approach for identifying MTBC and the most common clinical NTM species. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Microbial interventions in yak colibacillosis: Lactobacillus-mediated regulation of intestinal barrier
In conclusion, our findings suggest that Lactobacillus holds promise in treating yak colibacillosis by enhancing mucin and tight junction protein expression. Furthermore, we propose that Lactobacillus achieves these effects through the regulation of Zonulin. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Scd-1 deficiency promotes the differentiation of CD8+ T effector
In this study, through a series of experiments, we showed that Scd-1 and its resulting compound, OA, have a substantial impact on the transformation of CD8+ naïve T cells into effector T cells. Inactivation of Scd-1 triggers the specialization of CD8+ T cells into the Teff subset, enhancing the effector function and mitochondrial metabolism of Teff cells, and OA can partially counteract this. A deeper understanding of lipid metabolism in immune cells and its impact on cell function can lead to new therapeutic approaches for controlling the immune response and improving prognosis. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Unraveling the mystery: a Mendelian randomized exploration of gut microbiota and different types of obesity
ConclusionGut microbiota abundance is causally related to obesity, with distinct gut microbiota profiles observed among different obesity subtypes. Four bacterial species, including Ruminococcaceae UCG010, Butyricimonas, Pasteurellaceae and lactobacillus independently influence the development of various types of obesity. Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation may represent a novel approach in future obesity management. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 5, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Antiviral responses versus virus-induced cellular shutoff: a game of thrones between influenza A virus NS1 and SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1
Following virus recognition of host cell receptors and viral particle/genome internalization, viruses replicate in the host via hijacking essential host cell machinery components to evade the provoked antiviral innate immunity against the invading pathogen. Respiratory viral infections are usually acute with the ability to activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in/on host cells, resulting in the production and release of interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) to reduce virus fitness and mitigate infection. Nevertheless, the game between viruses and the host is a co...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 5, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) review by continent
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus responsible for substantial economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide by causing a highly contagious respiratory disease. The virus can spread quickly through contact, contaminated equipment, aerosols, and personal-to-person contact. We highlight the prevalence and geographic distribution of all nine genotypes, as well as the relevant symptoms and economic impact, by extensively analyzing the current literature. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis was performed using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA-6), which provi...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 5, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Transmission risk evaluation of transfusion blood containing low-density Babesia microti
ConclusionWhole blood containing extremely low density of B. microti poses a high transmission risk when transfused between mice and mice or human and mice, suggesting that Babesia detection should be considered by governments, hospitals, and disease prevention and control centers as a mandatory test before blood donation or transfusion. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 5, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Editorial: Molecular pathogenesis and control of viral infectious diseases in children
(Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Editorial: Bunyaviruses - threats to health and economy
(Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Symbiotic microbial communities in various locations of the lung cancer respiratory tract along with potential host immunological processes affected
We describe the respiratory tract microbiota’s biodiversity characteristics by anatomical region, elucidating distinct pathological features, staging, metastasis, host chromosomal mutations, immune therapies, and the differentiated symbiotic microbiota under the influence of environmental factors. Our exploration investigates the intrinsic mechanisms linking the microbiota and its host. Furthermore, we have also provided a comprehensive review of the immune mechanisms by which microbiota are implicated in the development of lung cancer. Dysbiosis of the respiratory microbiota can promote or inhibit tumor progression thro...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Application of plasma metagenomic next-generation sequencing improves prognosis in hematology patients with neutropenia or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for infection
ConclusionmNGS can detect more microorganisms with higher positive rates, especially in patients with neutropenia. mNGS had better clinical value in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or neutropenia, which had a positive effect on treatment and prognosis. (Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - February 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research