The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Host Metabolism Through the Regulation of Gut Hormone Release

The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Host Metabolism Through the Regulation of Gut Hormone Release Alyce M. Martin1, Emily W. Sun1, Geraint B. Rogers2,3 and Damien J. Keating1,4* 1Molecular and Cellular Physiology Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia 2Microbiome Research Laboratory, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia 3Infection and Immunity, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia 4Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia The microbial community of the gut conveys significant benefits to host physiology. A clear relationship has now been established between gut bacteria and host metabolism in which microbial-mediated gut hormone release plays an important role. Within the gut lumen, bacteria produce a number of metabolites and contain structural components that act as signaling molecules to a number of cell types within the mucosa. Enteroendocrine cells within the mucosal lining of the gut synthesize and secrete a number of hormones including CCK, PYY, GLP-1, GIP, and 5-HT, which have regulatory roles in key metabolic processes such as insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, fat storage, and appetite. Release of these hormones can be influenced by the presence of bacteria and their metabolites within the gut and as such, microbial-mediated gut hormone release is an important component of mic...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - Category: Physiology Source Type: research