Role of Multivalency and Antigenic Threshold in Generating Protective Antibody Responses
Role of Multivalency and Antigenic Threshold in Generating Protective Antibody Responses
Mark K. Slifka1* and Ian J. Amanna2
1Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States2Najít Technologies, Inc., Beaverton, OR, United States
Vaccines play a vital role in protecting our communities against infectious disease. Unfortunately, some vaccines provide only partial protection or in some cases vaccine-mediated immunity may wane rapidly, resulting in either increased susceptibility to that disease or a requirement for more booster vaccinations in order to maintain immunity above a protective level. The durability of antibody responses after infection or vaccination appears to be intrinsically determined by the structural biology of the antigen, with multivalent protein antigens often providing more long-lived immunity than monovalent antigens. This forms the basis for the Imprinted Lifespan model describing the differential survival of long-lived plasma cell populations. There are, however, exceptions to this rule with examples of highly attenuated live virus vaccines that are rapidly cleared and elicit only short-lived immunity despite the expression of multivalent surface epitopes. These exceptions have led to the concept that multivalency alone may not reliably determine the duration of protective humoral immune responses unless a minimum number of long-lived plasma cells are...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
More News: 1918 Spanish Flu | Adenoviruses | Allergy & Immunology | Appendicitis | Biology | Boys | Brain | Brazil Health | Canada Health | Cancer | Cancer & Oncology | Cancer in Adolescents | Cancer in Young Adults | Cancer Vaccines | Carbohydrates | Cervical Cancer | Cervical Cancer Vaccine | Chickenpox | Child Development | Childhood Cancer | Children | Clinical Trials | Costa Rica Health | Cytomegalovirus | Dengue Fever | Diphtheria | Encephalitis | Endemics | Epidemiology | Finland Health | Flu Pandemic | Gardasil | Girls | H1N1 | H2N2 | H3N2 | Hepatitis | Hepatitis A | Hepatitis B | Hepatitis Vaccine | Human Papillomavirus (HPV) | Infectious Diseases | Influenza | Influenza Vaccine | International Medicine & Public Health | Japan Health | Lessons | Measles | Measles Vaccine | Mumps | Mumps Vaccine | Neurology | Neuroscience | Oropharyngeal Cancer | Outbreaks | Pandemics | Rituxan | Rubella | Rubella Vaccine | Science | Smallpox | Smallpox Vaccine | Spain Health | Statistics | Study | Swine Flu | Swine Flu (H1N1) Vaccine | Tetanus | Tetanus Diptheria Pertussis Vaccine Tdap,Dtap,Dpt | Tetanus Vaccine | USA Health | Vaccines | Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine | Veterinary Vaccinations | WHO | Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Vaccine | Women | Yellow Fever | Yellow Fever Vaccination