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Condition: Obesity

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Total 449 results found since Jan 2013.

Genome-wide functional analysis reveals central signaling regulators of lymphatic endothelial cell migration and remodeling.
er SA Abstract Lymphatic vessels constitute a specialized vasculature that is involved in development, cancer, obesity, and immune regulation. The migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) is critical for vessel growth (lymphangiogenesis) and vessel remodeling, processes that modify the lymphatic network in response to developmental or pathological demands. Using the publicly accessible results of our genome-wide siRNA screen, we characterized the migratome of primary human LECs and identified individual genes and signaling pathways that regulate LEC migration. We compared our data set with mRNA differential...
Source: Science Signaling - October 3, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Williams SP, Odell AF, Karnezis T, Farnsworth RH, Gould CM, Li J, Paquet-Fifield S, Harris NC, Walter A, Gregory JL, Lamont SF, Liu R, Takano EA, Nowell CJ, Bower NI, Resnick D, Smyth GK, Coultas L, Hogan BM, Fox SB, Mueller SN, Simpson KJ, Achen MG, Stac Tags: Sci Signal Source Type: research

Genome-wide functional analysis reveals central signaling regulators of lymphatic endothelial cell migration and remodeling
Lymphatic vessels constitute a specialized vasculature that is involved in development, cancer, obesity, and immune regulation. The migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) is critical for vessel growth (lymphangiogenesis) and vessel remodeling, processes that modify the lymphatic network in response to developmental or pathological demands. Using the publicly accessible results of our genome-wide siRNA screen, we characterized the migratome of primary human LECs and identified individual genes and signaling pathways that regulate LEC migration. We compared our data set with mRNA differential expression data from en...
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - October 3, 2017 Category: Science Authors: Williams, S. P., Odell, A. F., Karnezis, T., Farnsworth, R. H., Gould, C. M., Li, J., Paquet-Fifield, S., Harris, N. C., Walter, A., Gregory, J. L., Lamont, S. F., Liu, R., Takano, E. A., Nowell, C. J., Bower, N. I., Resnick, D., Smyth, G. K., Coultas, L. Tags: STKE Research Articles Source Type: news

Decreasing CB1 receptor signaling in Kupffer cells improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice
Conclusion These findings suggest that CB1R expressed in KCs plays a critical role in obesity-related hepatic insulin resistance via a pro-inflammatory mechanism.
Source: Molecular Metabolism - September 2, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Tetrahydroxystilbene Glycoside Improves Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Ameliorates Obesity-Associated Hypertension in Obese ZDF Rats Via Inhibition of Endothelial Autophagy
Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction in ZDF rats is partially attributable to excessive autophagy. TSG improves endothelial function and exerts hypotensive effectsvia regulation of endothelial autophagy.Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;43:293 –307
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - August 30, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

A Hypothalamic Leptin-Glutamate Interaction in the Regulation of Sympathetic Nerve Activity.
In conclusion, these studies provide evidence that within the hypothalamic nuclei, leptin-glutamate signaling regulates the sympathetic activation. This may contribute to the sympathoexcitation commonly observed in obesity-related T2D. PMID: 28845307 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Neural Plasticity - August 30, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Zheng H, Liu X, Li Y, Patel KP Tags: Neural Plast Source Type: research

Leptin siRNA promotes ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis and affects steroidogenesis by increasing NPY2 receptor expression.
In conclusion, knockdown of leptin significantly affected ovarian steroidogenesis and ovarian function through NPY. siLeptin transfection impaired the activation of JAK2/STAT3 and contributed to ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis partially through up-regulating NPY2R expression. PMID: 28864114 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Gene - August 29, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Ding X, Kou X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Cheng G, Jia T Tags: Gene Source Type: research

Adipochemokines induced by ultraviolet irradiation contribute to impaired fat metabolism in subcutaneous fat cells.
CONCLUSIONS: These UV-induced adipochemokines may be implicated in the reduction of lipogenesis in SC fat, leading to impairment of fat homeostasis and associated comorbidities such as obesity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 28845522 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The British Journal of Dermatology - August 27, 2017 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kim EJ, Kim YK, Kim S, Kim JE, Tian YD, Doh EJ, Lee DH, Chung JH Tags: Br J Dermatol Source Type: research

Type I collagen promotes primary cilia growth through down-regulating HDAC6-mediated autophagy in confluent mouse embryo fibroblast 3T3-L1 cells
In conclusion, col I promotes cilia growth through repressing the HDAC-autophagy pathway that can be involved in the interaction between primary cilia and col I.
Source: Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering - August 17, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

Apelin protects against liver X receptor-mediated steatosis through AMPK and PPAR α in human and mouse hepatocytes.
Apelin protects against liver X receptor-mediated steatosis through AMPK and PPARα in human and mouse hepatocytes. Cell Signal. 2017 Aug 15;39:84-94 Authors: Huang J, Kang S, Park SJ, Im DS Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most commonly occurring chronic liver disease, and hepatic steatosis, a condition defined as extensive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, is associated with liver dysfunction and metabolic diseases, such as, obesity and type II diabetes. Apelin is an adipokine that acts on a G protein-coupled receptor named APJ, and has been established to play pivotal roles in var...
Source: Cellular Signalling - August 15, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Huang J, Kang S, Park SJ, Im DS Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Downregulated NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes signaling pathways in the development and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSION: NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes signaling pathways were associated with the development and progression of T1DM, which response as protective factors in the early stage of T1DM. PMID: 28783585 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - August 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Liu H, Xu R, Kong Q, Liu J, Yu Z, Zhao C Tags: Biomed Pharmacother Source Type: research

Leptin promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by upregulating ACAT2
ConclusionsOur data indicate that leptin may enhance the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells viaACAT2 up-regulation through the PI3K/AKT/SREBP2 signaling pathway. Therefore, the leptin/ACAT2 axis may represent an attractive therapeutic target for breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal and/or obese women.
Source: Cellular Oncology - August 2, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Suppression of CD36 attenuates adipogenesis with a reduction of P2X7 expression in 3T3-L1 cells.
We report here that knockdown of CD36 expression by CD36 small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in a reduction of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenic protein expression. In addition, purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7) was downregulated in CD36-knockdown 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that the suppression of CD36 attenuates adipogenesis via the P2X7 pathway in 3T3-L1 cells. PMID: 28712872 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - July 13, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gao H, Li D, Yang P, Zhao L, Wei L, Chen Y, Ruan XZ Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

TNF- α Deficiency Prevents Renal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Obese Mice
Conclusion: These findings suggest that TNF- α plays an important role in the HFD induced kidney damage, and targeting TNF-α and/or its receptors could be a promising therapeutic regimen for progressive nephropathy.Kidney Blood Press Res 2017;42:416 –427
Source: Kidney and Blood Pressure Research - July 6, 2017 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Adipose tissue conditioned media support macrophage lipid-droplet biogenesis by interfering with autophagic flux
Publication date: Available online 23 June 2017 Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids Author(s): Sapir Bechor, Dikla Nachmias, Natalie Elia, Yulia Haim, Maayan Vatarescu, Alicia Leikin-Frenkel, Martin Gericke, Tanya Tarnovsky, Guy Las, Assaf Rudich Obesity promotes the biogenesis of adipose tissue (AT) foam cells (FC), which contribute to AT insulin resistance. Autophagy, an evolutionarily-conserved house-keeping process, was implicated in cellular lipid handling by either feeding and/or degrading lipid-droplets (LDs). We hypothesized that beyond phagocytosis of dead adipocytes,...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids - June 24, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

RAMP2 influences glucagon receptor pharmacology via trafficking and signaling.
Abstract Endogenous satiety hormones provide an attractive target for obesity drugs. Glucagon causes weight loss by reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. To further understand the cellular mechanisms by which glucagon and related ligands activate the glucagon receptor (GCGR), we have investigated the interaction of the GCGR with RAMP2, a member of the family of Receptor Activity Modifying Proteins.We have used a combination of competition binding experiments, cell surface ELISA, functional assays assessing the Gαs and Gq pathways and β-arrestin recruitment, and siRNA knockdown to examine the ef...
Source: Endocrinology - June 6, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Cegla J, Jones BJ, Gardiner JV, Hodson DJ, Marjot T, McGlone ER, Tan TM, Bloom SR Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research