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Condition: Obesity

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Total 449 results found since Jan 2013.

AMPK upregulates KCa2.3 channels and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in diet-induced obese mice.
Abstract The opening of endothelial small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa2.3) is essential for endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH), which predominantly occurs in small resistance arteries. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important metabolic regulator, has been implicated in regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. However, it was unclear whether AMPK regulated endothelial KCa2.3-mediated EDH-type vasodilation. Using bioinformatics analysis and myograph system, we investigated the regulation by AMPK of KCa2.3 in human umbilical vein endotheli...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - November 10, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Pang ZD, Wang Y, Song Z, She G, Ma XZ, Sun X, Wu W, Lai BC, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Du XJ, Shyy JYJ, Deng XL Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Pterostilbene, A Bioactive Component of Blueberries, Alleviates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis by Inhibiting Macrophage-Myofibroblast Transition.
In this study, we investigated the antifibrotic effects of PTB on the in vivo mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model and in vitro MMT cells. Kidneys subjected to UUO with PTB treatment were collected for the investigation of PTB mediating MMT derived renal interstitial fibrosis. We conducted kidney RNA-seq transcriptomes and TGF-[Formula: see text]1-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages assays to determine the mechanisms of PTB. We found that PTB treatment suppressed the interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice. PTB also attenuated the number of MMT cells in vivo and in vitro. The transcriptomic analysis showed that ...
Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine - November 5, 2020 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Feng Y, Guo F, Mai H, Liu J, Xia Z, Zhu G, Zhang J, Ma L, Fu P Tags: Am J Chin Med Source Type: research

MiR-183-5p induced by saturated fatty acids regulates the myogenic differentiation by directly targeting FHL1 in C2C12 myoblasts.
This study examined the implications of SFA-induced miR-183-5p on the myogenic differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts. Long-chain SFA palmitic acid (PA) drastically reduced myogenic transcription factors, such as myoblast determination protein (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C), and inhibited FHL1 expression and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, accompanied by the induction of miR-183-5p. The knockdown of FHL1 by siRNA inhibited myogenic differentiation of myoblasts. Interestingly, miR-183-5p inversely regulated the expression of FHL1, a crucial regulator of skeletal myogenesis, by targe...
Source: BMB Reports - November 4, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nguyen MT, Min KH, Lee W Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: research

Angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonism by losartan stimulates adipocyte browning via induction of apelin Cell Biology
Adipocyte browning appears to be a potential therapeutic strategy to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recent studies have shown that apelin, an adipokine, stimulates adipocyte browning and has negative cross-talk with angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1 receptor) signaling. Here, we report that losartan, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, induces browning, as evidenced by an increase in browning marker expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, and oxygen consumption in murine adipocytes. In parallel, losartan up-regulated apelin expression, concomitant with increased phosphorylation of protein kinase B and AMP...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - October 30, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Dong Young Kim, Mi Jin Choi, Tae Kyung Ko, Na Hyun Lee, Ok-Hee Kim, Hyae Gyeong Cheon Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

Fat mass and obesity-associated protein regulates lipogenesis via m6 A modification in fatty acid synthase mRNA.
This study provides novel insights into a unique RNA epigenetic mechanism by which FTO mediates hepatic lipid accumulation through m6 A modification and indicates that FTO could be a potential target for obesity-related diseases and cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 33079435 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cell Biology International - October 20, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Sun D, Zhao T, Zhang Q, Wu M, Zhang Z Tags: Cell Biol Int Source Type: research

iTRAQ-and LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics reveals Pqlc2 as a potential regulator ofhepatic glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathway during fasting.
In conclusion, our study provides important information onprotein profile change during prolonged fasting with iTRAQ-and LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics, and identifies Pqlc2 as a potential regulator of hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathwayin this process. PMID: 33051888 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 13, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sun DY, Fu JT, Li GQ, Zhang WJ, Zeng FY, Tong J, Miao CY, Li DJ, Wang P Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: research

Distinct roles for Notch1 and Notch3 in human adipose-derived stem/stromal cell adipogenesis.
This study deepens the understanding of the Notch pathway by clarifying the distinct roles of Notch1 and Notch3 during adipogenesis. We showed that Notch3 is involved in early adipogenic differentiation, while Notch1 functions later in the process. In addition, we begin to uncover the interaction between the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways that may offer novel therapeutic targets aimed at obesity and diabetes. PMID: 33021719 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Molecular Biology Reports - October 5, 2020 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Liu MC, Logan H, Newman JJ Tags: Mol Biol Rep Source Type: research

LncRNA-GAS5 Inhibits Expression of miR 103 and Ameliorates the Articular Cartilage in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Obese Mice.
Abstract We explored whether long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (LncRNA-GAS5) small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced cartilage destruction in obese mice with adjuvant-induced arthritis. We studied the effects of LncRNA-GAS5 siRNA on the polyarthritis index; hind paw swelling; and the serum levels of certain biochemicals, cytokines, and oxidative stress parameters. We measured the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-13, NF-κB, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, p38, Akt, and PI3K in cartilage via Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Long noncoding RNA-GAS...
Source: Dose Response - October 1, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Chen H, He C, Liu Y, Li X, Zhang C, Qin Q, Pang Q Tags: Dose Response Source Type: research

JUP/plakoglobin is regulated by salt-inducible kinase 2, and is required for insulin-induced signalling and glucose uptake in adipocytes.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings identify JUP as a novel player in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, and suggest that changes in JUP expression could contribute to the effect of SIK2 on insulin signalling in these cells. PMID: 32966883 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cellular Signalling - September 19, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Negoita F, Vavakova M, Säll J, Laurencikiene J, Göransson O Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

1,2-Dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine increases insulin sensitivity in palmitate-treated myotubes and induces lipolysis in adipocytes.
In conclusion, DLPC enhanced lipolysis and apoptosis via a TNFα-dependent pathway in adipocytes and attenuated palmitate-induced insulin resistance through PPARα-mediated suppression of inflammation in myocytes. PMID: 32943187 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - September 13, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Park J, Jung TW, Chung YH, Park ES, Jeong JH Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Adiponectin treatment improves insulin resistance in mice by regulating the expression of the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c and its response to exercise via APPL1 –SIRT1–PGC-1α
Conclusions/interpretationOur findings showed that the APPL1 –SIRT1–PGC-1α pathway regulates the production and/or secretion of skeletal muscle MOTS-c by mediating adiponectin signalling. Our study provides an insight into the cellular and molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes and shows that MOTS-c is a potential novel therapeutic ta rget in the treatment of diabetes.Graphical abstract
Source: Diabetologia - September 2, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

GPR120 regulates pancreatic polypeptide secretion from male mouse islets via PLC-mediated calcium mobilization.
In this study, GPR120-IRES-EGFP knockin (KI) mouse was generated to identify GPR120-expressing cells with enhance green fluorescence proteins (EGFP). EGFP-positive cells collected from the KI mouse islets by flow cytometry had significantly higher expression of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) evidenced by RT-qPCR. Single cell RT-PCR and immunocytochemical double staining also demonstrated the co-expression of GPR120 with PP in mouse islets. GPR120 specific agonist, TUG-891, significantly increased plasma PP levels in mice. TUG-891 significantly increased PP levels in islet medium in vitro, which was markedly attenuated by GPR1...
Source: Endocrinology - September 1, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhao YF, Li XC, Liang XY, Zhao YY, Xie R, Zhang LJ, Zhang XC, Chen C Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist inhibits progression of obesity ‐associated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a mouse model by remodulating immune system disturbances
ConclusionThese findings suggested that a blockade caused by CB1 reduced obesity ‐associated NASH progression via correction of immune system dysregulations and elevated inflammatory responses in the liver tissues.
Source: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease - August 14, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Chin ‐Chang Chen, Zi‐Yu Chang, Fuu‐Jen Tsai, Shih‐Yin Chen Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source Type: research

MAPK-interacting kinase 2 (MNK2) regulates adipocyte metabolism independently of its catalytic activity.
Abstract The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinases (MNKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that are activated by the ERK1/2 (extracellular-regulated kinase) and p38α/β MAPK pathways. The MNKs have previously been implicated in metabolic disease and shown to mediate diet-induced obesity. In particular, knockout of MNK2 in mice protects from the weight gain induced by a high-fat diet. These and other data suggest that MNK2 regulates expansion of adipose tissue, a stable, long-term energy reserve that plays an important role in regulating whole-body energy homeostasis. Using the well-estab...
Source: The Biochemical Journal - July 9, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Merrett J, Xie J, Psaltis PJ, Proud CG Tags: Biochem J Source Type: research

Genes, Vol. 11, Pages 720: Cardiac Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Nr4a1 Mediated Glucose Metabolism Dysregulation in Response to High-Fat Diet
ng Xia Chen Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), with limited alterations in cardiac genomic characteristics known. Cardiac transcriptome analysis was conducted to profile gene signatures in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. A total of 184 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between groups. Based on the gene ontology (GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs, the critical role of closely interlocked glucose metabolism was determined in HFD-induced cardiac remodeling DEGs, inclu...
Source: Genes - June 28, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Lihui Men Wenting Hui Xin Guan Tongtong Song Xuan Wang Siwei Zhang Xia Chen Tags: Article Source Type: research