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Condition: Obesity

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Total 449 results found since Jan 2013.

1421 Topical glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor speeds wound healing in diabetic mice
Non-healing foot ulcers develop in 10-25% of type 2 diabetics. We have previously shown that reduction in ganglioside GM3 by GM3 synthase (GM3S) gene knockdown or topically applied GM3S siRNA nanoconstructs normalizes wound healing in diet-induced obese (DIO) diabetic mice. The mechanism is reversal of IGF-1 and EGF receptor resistance, leading to accelerated keratinocyte migration and normal cutaneous innervation. A small molecule inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase (GCSI) also reduces GM3 and, given GCSI's small size, could be moved towards clinical trials of topical application should it replicate the ameliorative ef...
Source: Journal of Investigative Dermatology - April 27, 2018 Category: Dermatology Authors: I. Fogel, M.I. Guerrero-Zayas, X.Q. Wang, X. Cheng, A. Paller Tags: Tissue Regeneration and Wound Healing Source Type: research

Transcription factor 21 (TCF21) promotes proinflammatory interleukin 6 expression and extracellular matrix remodeling in visceral adipose stem cells Gene Regulation
The visceral (VIS) and subcutaneous (SQ) fat pads are developmentally distinct white adipose tissue depots and contribute differently to inflammation and insulin resistance associated with obesity. The basic helix–loop–helix transcriptional regulator, transcription factor 21 (TCF21), is a marker gene for white adipose tissues and is abundantly expressed in VIS-derived adipose stem cells (ASCs), but not in SQ-derived ASCs. However, TCF21's role in regulating fat depot–specific gene expression and function is incompletely understood. Here, using siRNA-mediated Tcf21 knockdowns and lentiviral gene transfer of TCF21 in m...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - April 27, 2018 Category: Chemistry Authors: Takeshi Akama, Tae-Hwa Chun Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

STAT3 activation by IL-6 from adipose-derived stem cells promotes endometrial carcinoma proliferation and metastasis.
In this study, we examined the high IL-6 level in the ADSCs supernatant following treatment of endometrial cancer cell CM. Then, the activation of STAT3, a major tumourigenic IL-6 effector, was examined in endometrial cancer cells. Conditioned ADSC medium was used to stimulate endometrial cancer cell growth in vitro. Similar to IL-6, ADSC-conditioned medium significantly promoted endometrial cancer growth and invasion. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated STAT3 inhibition in endometrial cancer cells decreased the ADSC-mediated promotion of cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, a subcutaneous nude mouse model of endometrial ...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - April 20, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chu Y, Wang Y, Peng W, Xu L, Liu M, Li J, Hu X, Li Y, Zuo J, Ye Y Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

1421 Topical glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor speeds wound healing in diabetic mice
Non-healing foot ulcers develop in 10-25% of type 2 diabetics. We have previously shown that reduction in ganglioside GM3 by GM3 synthase (GM3S) gene knockdown or topically applied GM3S siRNA nanoconstructs normalizes wound healing in diet-induced obese (DIO) diabetic mice. The mechanism is reversal of IGF-1 and EGF receptor resistance, leading to accelerated keratinocyte migration and normal cutaneous innervation. A small molecule inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase (GCSI) also reduces GM3 and, given GCSI's small size, could be moved towards clinical trials of topical application should it replicate the ameliorative ef...
Source: Journal of Investigative Dermatology - April 19, 2018 Category: Dermatology Authors: I. Fogel, M.I. Guerrero-Zayas, X.Q. Wang, X. Cheng, A. Paller Tags: Tissue Regeneration and Wound Healing Source Type: research

Palmitate Activates CCL4 Expression in Human Monocytic Cells via TLR4/MyD88 Dependent Activation of NF- κB/MAPK/ PI3K Signaling Systems
Conclusion: Collectively, our results show that palmitate induces CCL4 expression via activation of the TLR4-MyD88/NF-kB/MAPK/ PI3K signaling cascade. Thus, our findings suggest that the palmitate-induced CCL4 production might be an underlying mechanism of metabolic inflammation.Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;46:953 –964
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - April 18, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

E74-Like Factor (ELF3) and Leptin, a Novel Loop Between Obesity and Inflammation Perpetuating a Pro-Catabolic State in Cartilage
Conclusion: Here we show, for the first time, the regulation of ELF3 expression by leptin, suggesting that this transcription factor likely mediates the inflammatory responses triggered by leptin in articular chondrocytes.Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;45:2401 –2410
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - March 16, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

MiR-145 improves macrophage-mediated inflammation through targeting Arf6
ConclusionsBy means of reducing the expression of Arf6 and subsequent signal transduction via NF-kappaB, miR-145 plays a role in inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and then improving the inflammatory status. MiR-145 might be one of the candidates for anti-inflammatory treatment for metabolic diseases.
Source: Endocrine - March 10, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Erythropoietin alleviates hepatic Steatosis by activating SIRT1-mediated autophagy
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2018 Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids Author(s): Ting Hong, Zhijuan Ge, Ran Meng, Hongdong Wang, Pengzi Zhang, Sunyinyan Tang, Jing Lu, Tianwei Gu, Dalong Zhu, Yan Bi Erythropoietin (EPO), besides its stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis, is beneficial to insulin resistance and obesity. However, its role in hepatic steatosis remains unexplored. Activating autophagy seems a promising mechanism for improving fatty liver disease. The present study investigated the role of EPO in alleviating hepatic steatosis and sought to determine wh...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids - March 7, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Erythropoietin alleviates hepatic Steatosis by activating SIRT1-mediated autophagy.
Abstract Erythropoietin (EPO), besides its stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis, is beneficial to insulin resistance and obesity. However, its role in hepatic steatosis remains unexplored. Activating autophagy seems a promising mechanism for improving fatty liver disease. The present study investigated the role of EPO in alleviating hepatic steatosis and sought to determine whether its function is mediated by the activation of autophagy. Here, we show that EPO decreased hepatic lipid content significantly in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, EPO/EPO receptor (EPOR) signalling induced autophagy activation in hepatocy...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - March 6, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hong T, Ge Z, Meng R, Wang H, Zhang P, Tang S, Lu J, Gu T, Zhu D, Bi Y Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Role of cannabinoid receptor type 1 in rostral ventrolateral medulla in high-fat diet-induced hypertension in rats
Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggested that enhanced CB1 receptor-mediated neurotransmissions in the RVLM may play a role in the development of obesity-induced hypertension.
Source: Journal of Hypertension - March 1, 2018 Category: Cardiology Tags: ORIGINAL PAPERS: Obesity Source Type: research

PINK1-Parkin alleviates metabolic stress induced by obesity in adipose tissue and in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
In this study, we created a high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model and examined the expression of PINK1 and Parkin in adipose tissue using western blot and real-time quantitative PCR. After we confirmed that there is an interesting difference between regular-chow-fed mice and HFD-induced obese mice in the expression of PINK1 and Parkin in vivo, we further tested the expression of PINK1 and Parkin in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in vitro by treating cells with palmitic acid (PA) to induce metabolic stress. To better understand the role of PINK1 and Parkin in metabolic stress, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were transfected with small ...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - February 28, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Cui C, Qiao J, Qing L, Wang L, He T, Wang C, Liu F, Gong L, Chen L, Hou X Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

A Novel Adipokine, FAM19A5, Inhibits Postinjury Neointima Formation through Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2.
Conclusions -We revealed that a novel adipokine, FAM19A5, was capable of inhibiting postinjury neointima formation via S1PR2-G12/13-RhoA signaling. Downregulation of FAM19A5 during obesity may trigger cardiometabolic diseases. PMID: 29453251 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation - February 16, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wang Y, Chen D, Zhang Y, Wang P, Zheng C, Zhang S, Yu B, Zhang L, Zhao G, Ma B, Cai Z, Xie N, Huang S, Liu Z, Mo X, Guan Y, Wang X, Fu Y, Ma D, Wang Y, Kong W Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

Expression of MicroRNA-448 and SIRT1 and Prognosis of Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients After Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that miR-448 and its target gene SIRT1 can serve as prognostic indicators for obese T2DM patients after laparoscopic bariatric surgery.Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;45:935 –950
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - February 9, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Invited submission to the Diamond Jubilee Special Issue of Biochemical PharmacolLeptin induces SIRT1 expression through activation of NF-E2-related factor 2: implications for obesity-associated colon carcinogenesis.
In conclusion, leptin might play a role in colon carcinogenesis by inducing Nrf2-dependent SIRT1 overexpression. PMID: 29427626 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - February 7, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Song NY, Lee YH, Na HK, Baek JH, Surh YJ Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

High-fat-diet induces airway hyperresponsiveness partly through activating CD38 signaling pathway.
This study aimed to detect the effect of CD38 signaling pathway on the AHR of overweight/obese mice. The HFD-fed mice exhibited a significantly higher baseline airway resistance (Rn), and the increasing rates of Rn responded to increasing doses of methacholine compared with the LFD-fed mice. High-fat-diet increased CD38 expressions both in lung tissues and primary cultured ASMCs. Besides, preincubation with TNF-α led to a higher expression of CD38 protein and increased intracellular calcium in ASMC of the HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, CD38 gene knockdown through transfection of CD38 siRNA decreased the concentration of intra...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - February 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Chong L, Zhang W, Yu G, Zhang H, Zhu L, Li H, Shao Y, Li C Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research