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Condition: Obesity

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Total 449 results found since Jan 2013.

Beneficial effect of ER stress preconditioning in protection against FFA-induced adipocyte inflammation via XBP1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Abstract Adipose tissue inflammation is closely associated with the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are a major inducer of obesity-related insulin resistance. Previously, we reported that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress potentially mediated retinal inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. The unfolded protein response (UPR) protects cells against damage induced by oxidative stress. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) plays a major role in protecting cells by modulating the UPR. However, the link between ER stress and adipocyte inflammation has been poorly investigated. In the prese...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - October 15, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang M, Chen X, Zheng Z, Yu S, Zhou B, Liu Y, Liu D, Chen Y, Qian X Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

NLRP3 inflammasome blockade reduces adipose tissue inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling.
Abstract The NLRP3-IL-1β pathway plays an important role in adipose tissue (AT)-induced inflammation and the development of obesity-associated comorbidities. We aimed to determine the impact of NLRP3 on obesity and its associated metabolic alterations as well as its role in adipocyte inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Samples obtained from 98 subjects were used in a case-control study. The expression of different components of the inflammasome as well as their main effectors and inflammation- and ECM remodeling-related genes were analyzed. The impact of blocking NLRP3 using siRNA in lipopolys...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology - September 23, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Unamuno X, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Valentí V, Moncada R, Silva C, Salvador J, Frühbeck G, Catalán V Tags: Cell Mol Immunol Source Type: research

Regulation of mitochondrial cristae remodelling by acetylcholine alleviates palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
This study investigated the role of cristae remodelling in palmitate (PA)-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and explored the beneficial effects of ACh. We found loose, fragmented and even lysed cristae in PA-treated neonatal cardiomyocytes along with declines in mitochondrial network and complex expression and overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS); these changes ultimately resulted in increased myocardial size. Overexpression of mitofilin by adenoviral infection partly improved cristae shape, mitochondrial network, and ATP content and attenuated cell hypertrophy. Interestingly, siRNA-me...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - September 21, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: Xue RQ, Zhao M, Wu Q, Yang S, Cui YL, Yu XJ, Liu JK, Zang WJ Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

High Fat and Diet Induced Obesity
i-FectTM Delivers Again!Research shows that rats and humans on a high-fat diet (HFD) are less sensitive to satiety signals known to act via vagal afferent pathways. Impaired vagal afferent responsiveness to both gastric satiety hormones (CCK and leptin) and mechanical stimulation raises the possibility that changes in electrophysiological properties may be the underlying mechanism responsible for impaired vagal responsiveness to a wide variety of satiety signals.Potassium channels play a central role. To demonstrate this researchers used ouri-Fect siRNA Transfection Kit to silence TRESK and TASK1 to understand there impact...
Source: Neuromics - September 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Tags: diabetes iFect obesity Obesity Research RNAi siRNA siRNA delivery in-vivo Source Type: news

Circulating ectodysplasin A is a potential biomarker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
ConclusionsEDA aggravates steatosis by striking balance between lipid deposition and elimination. It was a potential biomarker of NAFLD.
Source: Clinica Chimica Acta - September 15, 2019 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research

Allyl isothiocyanate ameliorates lipid accumulation and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via the Sirt1/AMPK and NF- κB signaling pathways.
CONCLUSION: AITC significantly ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation by activating the Sirt1/AMPK pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, AITC is a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD. PMID: 31558861 [PubMed - in process]
Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG - September 13, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Li CX, Gao JG, Wan XY, Chen Y, Xu CF, Feng ZM, Zeng H, Lin YM, Ma H, Xu P, Yu CH, Li YM Tags: World J Gastroenterol Source Type: research

Circulating ectodysplasin A is a potential biomarker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
CONCLUSIONS: EDA aggravates steatosis by striking balance between lipid deposition and elimination. It was a potential biomarker of NAFLD. PMID: 31526774 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry - September 13, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yang J, Zhou W, Zhu J, Wu Y, Xu L, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Yang Y Tags: Clin Chim Acta Source Type: research

The inhibition of Nrf2 accelerates renal lipid deposition through suppressing the ACSL1 expression in obesity-related nephropathy.
Conclusions: The Nrf2 is inhibited in ORN, resulting more ROS production and oxidative stress. Increased oxidative stress will suppress the expression of ACSL1, which could increase the intracellular FFA and TG contents, ultimately leading to renal lipid deposition in renal tubulars and accelerating the development of ORN. PMID: 31488013 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Renal Failure - September 7, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Ren Fail Source Type: research

Punicalagin, a Pomegranate ‐Derived Ellagitannin, Suppresses Obesity and Obesity‐Induced Inflammatory Responses Via the Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway
ConclusionsPCG ameliorated obesity and obesity ‐induced inflammatory responses via activation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, suggesting that PCG has potential as an oral agent to control obesity‐mediated diseases.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research - August 23, 2019 Category: Food Science Authors: Bobin Kang, Chae Young Kim, Jisu Hwang, Kyungae Jo, Singeun Kim, Hyung Joo Suh, Hyeon ‐Son Choi Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Physiological roles of the GIP receptor in murine brown adipose tissue
ConclusionsThe BAT GIPR is linked to the control of metabolic gene expression, fuel utilization, and oxygen consumption. However, the selective loss of the GIPR within BAT is insufficient to recapitulate the findings of decreased weight gain and resistance to obesity arising in experimental models with systemic disruption of GIP action.Graphical abstract
Source: Molecular Metabolism - August 11, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Protectin DX ameliorates palmitate-induced hepatic insulin resistance through AMPK/SIRT1-mediated modulation of fetuin-A and SeP expression.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 31246318 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - June 26, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jung TW, Ahn SH, Shin JW, Kim HC, Park ES, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Song KH, Jeong JH Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: research

AMP-activated protein kinase complexes containing the {beta}2 regulatory subunit are up-regulated during and contribute to adipogenesis
This study therefore sought to determine the contribution of AMPKβ subunit isoforms to adipocyte biology, focussing on adipogenesis. AMPKβ2 was the principal AMPKβ isoform in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, isolated rodent adipocytes and human subcutaneous adipose tissue, as assessed by the contribution to total cellular AMPK activity. Down-regulation of AMPKβ2 with siRNA inhibited lipid accumulation, cellular adiponectin levels and adiponectin secretion during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, whereas down-regulation of AMPKβ1 had no effect. Incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with MT47-100 selectively inhibited AMPK complexes cont...
Source: Biochemical Journal - June 25, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Katwan, O. J., Alghamdi, F., Almabrouk, T. A., Mancini, S. J., Kennedy, S., Oakhill, J. S., Scott, J. W., Salt, I. P. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

AMP-activated protein kinase complexes containing the β2 regulatory subunit are upregulated during and contribute to adipogenesis.
This study therefore sought to determine the contribution of AMPKβ subunit isoforms to adipocyte biology, focussing on adipogenesis. AMPKβ2 was the principal AMPKβ isoform in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, isolated rodent adipocytes and human subcutaneous adipose tissue, as assessed by the contribution to total cellular AMPK activity. Downregulation of AMPKβ2 with siRNA inhibited lipid accumulation, cellular adiponectin levels and adiponectin secretion during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, whereas downregulation of AMPKβ1 had no effect. Incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with MT47-100 selectively inhibited AMPK complexes containing AMPKβ2 whilst ...
Source: The Biochemical Journal - June 11, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Katwan OJ, Alghamdi F, Almabrouk TA, Mancini SJ, Kennedy S, Oakhill JS, Scott JW, Salt IP Tags: Biochem J Source Type: research

Programmed Epigenetic DNA Methylation-Mediated Reduced Neuroprogenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Small-for-Gestational-Age Offspring
Publication date: Available online 31 May 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Mina Desai, Guang Han, Tie Li, Michael G. RossAbstractSmall-for-gestational age (SGA) human newborns have an increased risk of hyperphagia and obesity, as well as a spectrum of neurologic and neurobehavioral abnormalities. We have shown that the SGA hypothalamic (appetite regulatory site) neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) exhibit reduced proliferation and neuronal differentiation. DNA methylation (DNA methyltransferase; DNMT1) regulates neurogenesis by maintaining NPC proliferation and suppressing premature differentiation. Once differentiation ensues,...
Source: Neuroscience - June 1, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research