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Condition: Obesity

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Total 449 results found since Jan 2013.

Parthenolide, a feverfew-derived phytochemical, ameliorates obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway
Publication date: Available online 9 May 2019Source: Pharmacological ResearchAuthor(s): Chae Young Kim, Bobin Kang, Hyung Joo Suh, Hyeon-Son ChoiAbstractParthenolide (PL) is one of the most abundant sesquiterpene lactones found in the plant feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip.). PL was investigated for its effect on obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory/oxidant responses in vitro and in vivo. An obesity-induced inflammatory response was induced in various co-culture systems using adipocytes (3T3-L1) and macrophages (RAW264.7) in vitro and the effect of PL and its mechanism of action were determined. PL effective...
Source: Pharmacological Research - May 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Resistin induces breast cancer cells epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness through both adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1)-dependent and CAP1-independent mechanisms.
Abstract Breast cancer incidence and metastasis in postmenopausal women are known to associate with obesity, but the molecular mechanisms behind this association are largely unknown. We investigated the effect of adipokine resistin on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness in breast cancer cells in vitro. Previous reports demonstrated that the inflammatory actions of resistin are mediated by the adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), which serves as its receptor. As a model for our study, we used MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and MCF-10A breast epithelial cells. We showed that in MCF-7...
Source: Cytokine - May 10, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Avtanski D, Garcia A, Caraballo B, Thangeswaran P, Marin S, Bianco J, Lavi A, Poretsky L Tags: Cytokine Source Type: research

Estrogen-independent role of ER α in ovarian cancer progression induced by leptin/Ob-Rb axis.
In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that ERα, but not ERβ, is involved in leptin-induced ovarian cancer in an E2-independent manner, providing new evidence for cancer progression in obesity-associated ovarian cancer. PMID: 31077012 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - May 9, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ghasemi A, Saeidi J, Mohtashami M, Hashemy SI Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

miRNA-218 Targets Lipin-1 and Glucose Transporter Type 4 Genes in 3T3-L1 Cells Treated With Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Conclusion: 3T3-L1 cells, treated with LPV/RTV, show altered lipid content due to increased miRNA-218 levels, which affects lipin-1 mRNA. Moreover, increased miRNA-218 levels were inversely correlated with changes in GLUT-4 expression, which suggests a role for miRNA-218 in mediating the insulin resistance consequent to cART. Introduction Metabolic syndrome is a serious consequence of combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). HIV-associated metabolic syndrome is often accompanied by lipodystrophy (LS), the redistribution of body fat with loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue in face, limbs and buttocks, concomitant wit...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 29, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The JAK/STAT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology
Conclusion and Perspectives The IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling cascade plays a dominant role in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. IL-6 autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions assign to its downstream effectors pivotal importance in skeletal muscle-wasting-associated diseases and other multiple system diseases where muscle acts in communication with other organs. Targeting the components of the JAK/STAT pathway recently emerged as a strategic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and human cancer. This review highlights the opposite outcomes on muscle biology caused by the amount of local and systemic release ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Tangshen Formula Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Inducing Autophagy Through the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway
Conclusion In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that autophagy was involved in relieving the effects of TSF against NAFLD, which were mediated by the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway (Figure 7D). These findings may improve our current understanding of the role of TSF in treating hepatic steatosis and provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of TSF in NAFLD and its related metabolic syndrome. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Co...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

A Novel Regulator of Preadipocyte Differentiation, Transcription Factor TCF21, Functions Partially Through Promoting LPL Expression
Discussion Excessive fat deposition in chickens can result in many undesirable consequences within the poultry industry, including reduced feeding efficiency (Zhou et al., 2006) and decreased reproductive performance (Walzem and Chen, 2014). Thus, broiler breeders urgently require a more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanism governing chicken adipogenesis. We previously found that broilers from lean and fat lines exhibit clear differences in reproductive performance (Zhang et al., 2018). In addition, TCF21 was found to be related to testis growth and development in these broilers (Zhang et al., 2017). In mice ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 22, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Increasing Upstream Chromatin Long –Range Interactions May Favor Induction of Circular RNAs in LysoPC-Activated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
We examined the sponging potential of all significantly changed circRNAs using the CircInteractome database (Montefiori et al., 2018), recording two miRNAs with four or more predicted binding sites in a single circRNA transcript, a threshold above which meaningful sponging activity is likely to occur Memczak et al. (2013). Another four significantly changed circRNAs are experimentally shown to sponge miRNAs (Dudekula et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2018), for six total circRNAs with miRNA sponging activity including miR125, miR143, miR1272, miR153, miR515-5p, and miR196a-5p (Table 4). In Fig...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 17, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

FGF21 as Modulator of Metabolism in Health and Disease
In conclusion, FGF21 belongs to a promising class of cytokines that are induced in response to stress and that can be used as a drug, drug target, or through a biomarker, depending on the physio-pathological context. All these findings will become clear when FGF21 will be used as a therapeutic molecule, exploiting the beneficial effects of FGF21 for treating metabolic disease or when it will be blocked to ameliorate disease progression and the onset of disease. Author Contributions CT and MS wrote the manuscript. VR contributed to the discussion. Funding This work was supported from the AFM-Telethon (19524), Italian Mi...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Genetic Regulation of Liver Metabolites and Transcripts Linking to Biochemical-Clinical Parameters
Conclusion In summary, this study is the first to combine metabolomics, transcriptomics, and genome-wide association studies in a porcine model. Our results improve understanding of the genetic regulation of metabolites which link to transcripts and finally biochemical-clinical parameters. Further, high-performance profiling of metabolites as intermediate phenotypes is a potentially powerful approach to uncover how genetic variation affects metabolic and health status. Our results advance knowledge in areas of biomedical and agricultural interest and identify potential correlates of biomarkers, SNPs-metabolites, SNPs-tran...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 16, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

NF κB and Kidney Injury
Conclusion As a critical regulator of inflammation and cell survival, the NFκB pathway is a promising target for diagnosing and treating kidney diseases. For modulation of the NFκB pathway in the clinic, a number of molecules can effectively inhibit NFκB signaling by targeting the receptors, associated adaptors, IKKs, IκBs and transcriptional regulators (144). There is further clinical evidence on small-molecule inhibitors of IKKα and NIK from recent trials on anti-cancer therapies (145). These clinical trials showed that the cancer-selective pharmacodynamic response of DTP3, the co...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective
Conclusion Most head and neck pathologies show a broad cellular heterogeneity making it difficult to achieve an accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment (Graf and Zavodszky, 2017; Lo Nigro et al., 2017). Single cell analysis of circadian omics (Lande-Diner et al., 2015; Abraham et al., 2018), may be a crucial tool needed in the future to fully understand the circadian control of head and neck diseases. It becomes more obvious that there is only a small genetic component but a largely unknown epigenetics and/or environmental component for most of the head and neck pathologies (Moosavi and Motevalizadeh Ardekani, 2016; He...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Resveratrol prevents sarcopenic obesity by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress via the PKA/LKB1/AMPK pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: Resveratrol prevented high-fat diet-induced muscle atrophy in aged rats by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which was partially mediated by the PKA/LKB1/AMPK pathway. These findings indicate that resveratrol might have potential uses for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenic obesity. PMID: 30988232 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Aging - April 14, 2019 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Huang Y, Zhu X, Chen K, Lang H, Zhang Y, Hou P, Ran L, Zhou M, Zheng J, Yi L, Mi M, Zhang Q Tags: Aging (Albany NY) Source Type: research

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

FoxO6-mediated IL-1β induces hepatic insulin resistance and age-related inflammation via the TF/PAR2 pathway in aging and diabetic mice
Publication date: Available online 3 April 2019Source: Redox BiologyAuthor(s): Dae Hyun Kim, Bonggi Lee, Jaewon Lee, Mi Eun Kim, Jun Sik Lee, Jae Heun Chung, Byung Pal Yu, H. Henry Dong, Hae Young ChungAbstractFoxO has been proposed to play a role in the promotion of insulin resistance, and inflammation. FoxO is a pro-inflammatory transcription factor that is a key mediator of generation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β in the liver. However, the detailed association of FoxO6 with insulin resistance and age-related inflammation has not been fully documented. Here, we showed that FoxO6 was elevated in the livers of ...
Source: Redox Biology - April 4, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research