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Condition: Diabetes Mellitus

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Total 263 results found since Jan 2013.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression and its functions are regulated by androgen
In this study, Glp1r mRNA was found widely expressed in normal male mice and its levels were positively correlated with the serum testosterone (T) concentrations. Using mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells, which highly express GLP-1R, we observed GLP-1R was upregulated both at transcriptional and protein levels induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and was downregulated by androgen receptor inhibitor ARN-509 or small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Glp1r mRNA. In normal C57BL/6 mice and db/db mice, Glp1r mRNA levels in the pancreases increased in the DHT treatment group and decreased in the ARN-509 treatment group. And the in...
Source: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy - October 24, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression and its functions are regulated by androgen.
In this study, Glp1r mRNA was found widely expressed in normal male mice and its levels were positively correlated with the serum testosterone (T) concentrations. Using mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells, which highly express GLP-1R, we observed GLP-1R was upregulated both at transcriptional and protein levels induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and was downregulated by androgen receptor inhibitor ARN-509 or small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Glp1r mRNA. In normal C57BL/6 mice and db/db mice, Glp1r mRNA levels in the pancreases increased in the DHT treatment group and decreased in the ARN-509 treatment group. And the in...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - October 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zhu L, Zhou J, Pan Y, Lv J, Liu Y, Yu S, Zhang Y Tags: Biomed Pharmacother Source Type: research

Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 (ANGPTL4) Induces Retinal Pigment Epithelial Barrier Breakdown by Activating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3): Evidence from ARPE-19 Cells Under Hypoxic Condition and Diabetic Rats.
CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ANGPTL4 partially modulates STAT3 and could serve as an effective diabetic retinopathy treatment strategy. PMID: 31494661 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical Science Monitor - September 9, 2019 Category: Research Tags: Med Sci Monit Source Type: research

Cadmium exposure induces pancreatic β-cell death via a Ca2+-triggered JNK/CHOP-related apoptotic signaling pathway.
In this study, we found that Cd exposure significantly inhibited insulin secretion and cell viability in the pancreatic β-cell-derived RIN-m5F cells. Cd exposure induced apoptotic events, including the increased populations of apoptotic cells and sub-G1 hypodiploid cells, and caspase-3/-7/-9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation, which largely depended on the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Transfection with siRNAs for JNK and CHOP or pretreatment with specific pharmacological inhibitor of JNK (SP600125) in β-cells effectively prevented the Cd-induced insuli...
Source: Toxicology - July 22, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Huang CC, Kuo CY, Yang CY, Liu JM, Hsu RJ, Lee KI, Su CC, Wu CC, Lin CT, Liu SH, Huang CF Tags: Toxicology Source Type: research

Dulaglutide inhibits high glucose- induced endothelial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Abstract Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in high glucose- induced endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Dulaglutide, a newly developed glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, has been approved for the management of T2DM. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether dulaglutide possesses a protective effect against high glucose- induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results indicate that dulaglutide treatment prevented high glucose- induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein carbonyl, as well as the...
Source: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics - July 10, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Luo X, Hu Y, He S, Ye Q, Lv Z, Liu J, Chen X Tags: Arch Biochem Biophys Source Type: research

Shortening of telomere length by metabolic factors in diabetes: protective effects of fenofibrate.
Abstract People with diabetes mellitus have shorter telomeres compared with non-diabetic subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate an in-vitro model of telomere shortening under diabetes metabolic conditions. The mechanisms of the accelerated telomere length attrition and the potential telomere protective action of fenofibrate with related cellular mechanisms were also examined. Human dermal fibroblasts were passaged and cultured in normal (5.5 mM) or high (25 mM) D-glucose, across 7 days with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glucosamine (GA), or glycated albumin (AGEs-BSA). Relative telomere length (RTL) was...
Source: Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling - June 14, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sutanto SSI, McLennan SV, Keech AC, Twigg SM Tags: J Cell Commun Signal Source Type: research

Contrast media (meglumine diatrizoate) aggravates renal inflammation, oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in diabetic rats which is restored by sulforaphane through Nrf2/HO-1 reactivation.
Abstract Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for renal impairment in patients exposed to contrast media. It doubles the risk and decreases survival rate of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). Sulforaphane has antioxidant properties via Nrf2 activation. The interaction of diabetes and/or sulforaphane with contrast media on Nrf2 regulation is not yet understood. Herein, diabetes was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. Animals were then divided into five groups; control non-diabetic group; diabetic group; diabetic/sulforaphane group; diabetic/CIN group; diabetic/CIN/sulforaph...
Source: Chemico-Biological Interactions - June 3, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Khaleel SA, Raslan NA, Alzokaky AA, Ewees MG, Ashour AA, Abd Elhameid HE, Abd-Allah AR Tags: Chem Biol Interact Source Type: research

High Glucose Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Migration and Invasion in A20 Murine Di ffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells Through Increased Expression of High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2).
CONCLUSIONS In the A20 murine DLBCL cell line, high glucose upregulated the expression of HMGA2 to induce EMT and promote cell migration and invasion through the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. PMID: 31124542 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical Science Monitor - May 29, 2019 Category: Research Tags: Med Sci Monit Source Type: research

Expression of miR-217 and HIF-1 α/VEGF pathway in patients with diabetic foot ulcer and its effect on angiogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer rats
ConclusionInhibiting miR-217 could up-regulate HIF-1 α/VEGF pathway to promote angiogenesis and ameliorate inflammation of DFU rats, thereby effectively advancing the healing of ulcerated area.
Source: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation - May 10, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

miRNA-218 Targets Lipin-1 and Glucose Transporter Type 4 Genes in 3T3-L1 Cells Treated With Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Conclusion: 3T3-L1 cells, treated with LPV/RTV, show altered lipid content due to increased miRNA-218 levels, which affects lipin-1 mRNA. Moreover, increased miRNA-218 levels were inversely correlated with changes in GLUT-4 expression, which suggests a role for miRNA-218 in mediating the insulin resistance consequent to cART. Introduction Metabolic syndrome is a serious consequence of combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). HIV-associated metabolic syndrome is often accompanied by lipodystrophy (LS), the redistribution of body fat with loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue in face, limbs and buttocks, concomitant wit...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 29, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Tangshen Formula Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Inducing Autophagy Through the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway
Conclusion In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that autophagy was involved in relieving the effects of TSF against NAFLD, which were mediated by the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway (Figure 7D). These findings may improve our current understanding of the role of TSF in treating hepatic steatosis and provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of TSF in NAFLD and its related metabolic syndrome. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Co...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Resveratrol Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing via SIRT1-FOXO1-c-Myc Signaling Pathway-Mediated Angiogenesis
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the positive role of RES in diabetic wound healing via its SIRT1-dependent endothelial protection and pro-angiogenic effects involves the inhibition of FOXO1 and the de-repression of c-Myc expression. Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with an increasing incidence worldwide (Zimmet et al., 2014). The disease often leads to the development of serious complications such as microangiopathy, mainly including retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and diabetic non-healing skin ulcers (Zheng et al., 2018). Diabetic non-healing skin ulcers such as foot ulcers are ca...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Increasing Upstream Chromatin Long –Range Interactions May Favor Induction of Circular RNAs in LysoPC-Activated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
We examined the sponging potential of all significantly changed circRNAs using the CircInteractome database (Montefiori et al., 2018), recording two miRNAs with four or more predicted binding sites in a single circRNA transcript, a threshold above which meaningful sponging activity is likely to occur Memczak et al. (2013). Another four significantly changed circRNAs are experimentally shown to sponge miRNAs (Dudekula et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2018), for six total circRNAs with miRNA sponging activity including miR125, miR143, miR1272, miR153, miR515-5p, and miR196a-5p (Table 4). In Fig...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 17, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

FGF21 as Modulator of Metabolism in Health and Disease
In conclusion, FGF21 belongs to a promising class of cytokines that are induced in response to stress and that can be used as a drug, drug target, or through a biomarker, depending on the physio-pathological context. All these findings will become clear when FGF21 will be used as a therapeutic molecule, exploiting the beneficial effects of FGF21 for treating metabolic disease or when it will be blocked to ameliorate disease progression and the onset of disease. Author Contributions CT and MS wrote the manuscript. VR contributed to the discussion. Funding This work was supported from the AFM-Telethon (19524), Italian Mi...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

NF κB and Kidney Injury
Conclusion As a critical regulator of inflammation and cell survival, the NFκB pathway is a promising target for diagnosing and treating kidney diseases. For modulation of the NFκB pathway in the clinic, a number of molecules can effectively inhibit NFκB signaling by targeting the receptors, associated adaptors, IKKs, IκBs and transcriptional regulators (144). There is further clinical evidence on small-molecule inhibitors of IKKα and NIK from recent trials on anti-cancer therapies (145). These clinical trials showed that the cancer-selective pharmacodynamic response of DTP3, the co...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research