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Condition: Diabetes Mellitus

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Total 263 results found since Jan 2013.

PKC{varepsilon}-CREB-Nrf2 signalling induces HO-1 in the vascular endothelium and enhances resistance to inflammation and apoptosis
Conclusions PKC activity in the vascular endothelium regulates HO-1 via a pathway requiring CREB1 and Nrf2. Given the potent protective actions of HO-1, we propose that this mechanism is an important contributor to the emerging role of PKC in the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis and resistance to injury.
Source: Cardiovascular Research - May 14, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mylroie, H., Dumont, O., Bauer, A., Thornton, C. C., Mackey, J., Calay, D., Hamdulay, S. S., Choo, J. R., Boyle, J. J., Samarel, A. M., Randi, A. M., Evans, P. C., Mason, J. C. Tags: Vascular biology Source Type: research

SIRT1 attenuates high glucose-induced insulin resistance via reducing mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle cells
Insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sustained high glucose is an important extracellular environment that induces insulin resistance. Acquired insulin resistance is associated with reduced insulin-stimulated mitochondrial activity as a result of increased mitochondrial dysfunction. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is one member of the SIRT2 (Sir2)-like family of proteins involved in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in mammals. Although SIRT1 has a therapeutic effect on metabolic deterioration in insulin resi...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 11, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Zhang, H.-H., Ma, X.-J., Wu, L.-N., Zhao, Y.-Y., Zhang, P.-Y., Zhang, Y.-H., Shao, M.-W., Liu, F., Li, F., Qin, G.-J. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Diabetic neuropathy and the sensory neuron: new molecular targets (P2.010)
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the increase of CWC22 and CBs expression might reflect an aberrant mRNA splicing demand in experimental diabetic neuropathy whereas loss of SMN may lead to sensory neuron degeneration. Taken together, our findings identify novel degenerative mechanisms that include two new molecular targets relevant to diabetic neuropathy. Supported by: CDA, CIHR, Denyse Lajoie-Lake fellowship.Disclosure: Dr. Kobayashi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cristiane has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zochodne has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Kobayashi, M., Cheng, C., de la Hoz, C., Zochodne, D. Tags: Neuromuscular and Clinical Neurophysiology (EMG): Genetics Poster Discussion Session Source Type: research

The Role of Maternal Gestational Diabetes in Inducing Fetal Endothelial Dysfunction
This study examines the effect of maternal diabetes on fetal endothelial function and gene expression under physiological glucose conditions (5mM). Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) isolated from diabetic mothers (d.HUVEC) grew more slowly than HUVEC isolated from healthy mothers (c.HUVEC) and had delayed doubling time despite increased levels of total vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and protein production as determined by real time PCR and ELISA respectively. Using western blot, the levels of antiproliferative VEGF165b isoform were increased in d.HUVEC relative to c.HUVEC. Successful VEGF1...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - March 24, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Samar A Sultan, Wanting Liu, Yonghong Peng, W. Roberts, Donald Whitelaw, Anne M Graham Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Amyloid-beta mediates the receptor of advanced glycation end product-induced pro-inflammatory response via toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway in retinal ganglion cell line RGC-5.
Abstract Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid-β, a product of amyloid precursor protein, is associated with neuro-inflammation in patients with Alzheimer's diseases. The correlation between amyloid-beta and advanced glycation end products, which accumulate in tissue of diabetic patients, is not clear. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of advanced glycation end product on the expression of amyloid precursor protein/amyloid-beta and associated pro-inflammatory responses in retinal ganglion cell line RGC-5. Treatment with advanced glycati...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - March 14, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee JJ, Wang PW, Yang IH, Wu CL, Chuang JH Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Regulation of High glucose-mediated mucin expression by matrix metalloproteinase-9 in Human airway epithelial cells.
Abstract Mucus hypersecretion is the key manifestation in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a major component of airway mucus. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases. Hyperglycemia has been shown to be an independent risk factor for respiratory infections. We hypothesize that high glucose (HG)-regulates MMP-9 production and MMP-9 activity through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)/ reactive oxygen species (ROS) cascades pathways, leading to mucin production in human airway epit...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - February 19, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Yu H, Yang J, Xiao Q, Lü Y, Zhou X, Xia L, Nie D Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Vasonatrin peptide attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats and underlying mechanisms
This study was designed to investigate the effects of VNP on ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats and to further elucidate its mechanisms. The high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion operation. VNP treatment (100 μg/kg iv, 10 min before reperfusion) significantly improved the instantaneous first derivation of left ventricle pressure (±LV dP/dtmax) and LV systolic pressure and reduced LV end-diastolic pressure, apoptosis index, caspase-3 activity, plasma creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. Moreover, VNP inhib...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - February 15, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Shi, Z., Fu, F., Yu, L., Xing, W., Su, F., Liang, X., Tie, R., Ji, L., Zhu, M., Yu, J., Zhang, H. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research

Vasonatrin peptide attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats and underlying mechanisms.
Conclusions: VNP protects diabetic heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ER stress via cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. These results suggest that VNP may have potential therapeutic value for the diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease. PMID: 25485902 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - December 5, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Shi Z, Fu F, Yu L, Xing W, Ji L, Tie R, Liang X, Zhu M, Yu J, Zhang H Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Role of FAM18B in diabetic retinopathy.
CONCLUSIONS: FAM18B is expressed in the retina. Diabetic culture conditions decrease the expression of FAM18B in HRMECs. The downregulation of FAM18B by siRNA in HRMECs results in enhanced migration and tube formation, but also exacerbates the hyperglycemia-induced decrease in HRMEC viability. The pathogenic changes observed in HRMECs as a result of FAM18B downregulation were reversed with PDTC, a specific NF-κB inhibitor. This study is the first to demonstrate a potential role for FAM18B in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. PMID: 25221423 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Molecular Vision - November 16, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Mol Vis Source Type: research

ClC-3 deficiency protects preadipocytes against apoptosis induced by palmitate in vitro and in type 2 diabetes mice
Abstract Palmitate, a common saturated free fatty acid (FFA), has been demonstrated to induce preadipocyte apoptosis in the absence of adipogenic stimuli, suggesting that preadipocytes may be prone to apoptosis under adipogenic insufficient conditions, like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ClC-3, encoding Cl− channel or Cl−/H+ antiporter, is critical for cell fate choices of proliferation versus apoptosis under diseased conditions. However, it is unknown whether ClC-3 is related with preadipocyte apoptosis induced by palmitate or T2DM. Palmitate, but not oleate, induced apoptosis and increase in ClC-3 protein ...
Source: Apoptosis - September 14, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

The NR4A receptors Nurr1 and Nur77 are increased in human placenta from women with gestational diabetes
Discussion: Nurr1 and Nur77, which were increased in human placenta from women with GDM, are involved in TNF-α induced-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to play a role in placental nutrient transport. Thus, the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by Nurr1 and Nur77 suggest that these proteins may play a role in placental function and transport mechanisms.Highlights:
Source: Placenta - September 8, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: M. Lappas Tags: Gene expression Source Type: research

Adiponectin exerts antiproliferative effect on human placenta via modulation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway.
In conclusion, adiponectin inhibits HG-induced proliferation of BeWo cells through down-regulation of JNK/c-jun phosphorylation. PMID: 25031708 [PubMed - in process]
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 19, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Chen H, Chen H, Wu Y, Liu B, Li Z, Wang Z Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: research

Resveratrol-enhanced autophagic flux ameliorates myocardial oxidative stress injury in diabetic mice.
Abstract Autophagic dysfunction is observed in diabetes mellitus. Resveratrol has a beneficial effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Whether the resveratrol-induced improvement in cardiac function in diabetes is via regulating autophagy remains unclear. We investigated the mechanisms underlying resveratrol-mediated protection against heart failure in diabetic mice, with a focus on the role of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in regulating autophagic flux. Diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice was induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Long-term resveratrol treatment improved cardiac function, ameliorated oxidative injury and reduced apoptosis ...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - June 1, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Wang B, Yang Q, Sun YY, Xing YF, Wang YB, Lu XT, Bai WW, Liu XQ, Zhao YX Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

Resveratrol‐enhanced autophagic flux ameliorates myocardial oxidative stress injury in diabetic mice
Abstract Autophagic dysfunction is observed in diabetes mellitus. Resveratrol has a beneficial effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Whether the resveratrol‐induced improvement in cardiac function in diabetes is via regulating autophagy remains unclear. We investigated the mechanisms underlying resveratrol‐mediated protection against heart failure in diabetic mice, with a focus on the role of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in regulating autophagic flux. Diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice was induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Long‐term resveratrol treatment improved cardiac function, ameliorated oxidative injury and reduced apoptosis in ...
Source: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine - June 1, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Bo Wang, Qing Yang, Yuan‐yuan Sun, Yi‐fan Xing, Ying‐bin Wang, Xiao‐ting Lu, Wen‐wu Bai, Xiao‐qiong Liu, Yu‐xia Zhao Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Involvement of fibrinolytic regulators in adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells induced by glycated LDL and to aorta from diabetic mice.
Abstract Diabetes mellitus accelerates the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Monocyte adhesion is an early cellular event of atherogenesis. Elevated levels of glyLDL were common in diabetic patients. Our previous studies indicated that HSF1 and p22-phox (a subunit of the NOX complex) were involved in glyLDL-induced up-regulation of PAI-1 in vascular EC. The present study demonstrated that glyLDL significantly increased the adhesion of monocytes to the surface of cultured human umbilical vein or PAEC. Transfection of siRNA for PAI-1, p22-phox, or HSF1 in EC prevented glyLDL-induced monocyte ad...
Source: Journal of Leukocyte Biology - February 4, 2014 Category: Hematology Authors: Zhao R, Ren S, Moghadasain MH, Rempel JD, Shen GX Tags: J Leukoc Biol Source Type: research