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Condition: Diabetes Mellitus

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Total 263 results found since Jan 2013.

Tetraspanin-2 promotes glucotoxic apoptosis by regulating the JNK/{beta}-catenin signaling pathway in human pancreatic {beta} cells Research
Diabetes mellitus is a complex and heterogeneous disease, which has β-cell dysfunction at its core. Glucotoxicity affects pancreatic islets, causing β-cell apoptosis. However, the role of JNK/β-catenin signaling in glucotoxic β-cell apoptosis is not well understood. Recently, we identified tetraspanin-2 (TSPAN2) protein as a proapoptotic β-cell factor induced by glucose, suggesting that TSPAN2 might contribute to pancreatic β-cell glucotoxicity. To investigate the effects of glucose concentration on TSPAN2 expression and apoptosis, we used reverted immortalized RNAKT-15 human pancreatic β...
Source: FASEB Journal - August 31, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Hwang, I.-H., Park, J., Kim, J. M., Kim, S. I., Choi, J.-S., Lee, K.-B., Yun, S. H., Lee, M.-G., Park, S. J., Jang, I.-S. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Calcineurin Inhibitors Downregulate HNF-1β and May Affect the Outcome of HNF1B Patients After Renal Transplantation
Conclusions: Because HNF1B-related disease is a heterozygous condition, CNIs used to prevent rejection may induce reduced expression of the nonmutated allele of HNF1B leading to a superimposed defect of HNF-1β transcriptional activity. Taking into account the specific risk of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus and liver disorders in HNF1B patients, these findings advocate for in-depth characterization of pathways that regulate HNF1B and plead for considering individually tailored graft management that may include a CNI-free immunosuppressive regimen. Interventional studies will have to confirm this individualized approach.
Source: Transplantation - August 24, 2016 Category: Transplant Surgery Tags: Original Clinical Science-General Source Type: research

LncRNA NONRATT021972 siRNA rescued decreased heart rate variability in diabetic rats in superior cervical ganglia
Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is a serious and common complication in diabetes mellitus (DM). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), an important class of regulatory molecules in diverse biological processes, have attracted considerable interest in DCAN. Our previous study has indicated a lncRNA, NONRATT021972 (NONCODE ID), was enhanced in sympathetic neuronal-like PC12 cells in the setting of high glucose (HG) and high FFAs (HF); its silence was found to significantly alleviate HGHF-induced tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) release in PC12 cells.
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - August 4, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hong Xu, Changle Liu, Shenqiang Rao, Luling He, Tengling Zhang, Shanshan Sun, Bing Wu, Lifang Zou, Shouyu Wang, Yun Xue, Tianyu Jia, Shanhong Zhao, Guilin Li, Shuangmei Liu, Guodong Li, Shangdong Liang Source Type: research

LncRNA NONRATT021972 siRNA rescued decreased heart rate variability in diabetic rats in superior cervical ganglia.
Abstract Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is a serious and common complication in diabetes mellitus (DM). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), an important class of regulatory molecules in diverse biological processes, have attracted considerable interest in DCAN. Our previous study has indicated a lncRNA, NONRATT021972 (NONCODE ID), was enhanced in sympathetic neuronal-like PC12 cells in the setting of high glucose (HG) and high FFAs (HF); its silence was found to significantly alleviate HGHF-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release in PC12 cells. Here we further explore the effects of NONRATT02197...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience - August 4, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Xu H, Liu C, Rao S, He L, Zhang T, Sun S, Wu B, Zou L, Wang S, Xue Y, Jia T, Zhao S, Li G, Liu S, Li G, Liang S Tags: Auton Neurosci Source Type: research

miR-146a-5p inhibits TNF-{alpha}-induced adipogenesis via targeting insulin receptor in primary porcine adipocytes Research Articles
TNF-α is a multifunctional cytokine participating in immune disorders, inflammation, and tumor development with regulatory effects on energy metabolism. Our work focused on the function of TNF-α in adipogenesis of primary porcine adipocytes. TNF-α could suppress the insulin receptor (IR) at the mRNA and protein levels. Microarray analysis of TNF-α-treated porcine adipocytes was used to screen out 29 differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs), 13 of which were remarkably upregulated and 16 were intensely downregulated. These 29 differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted to mainly participate in ...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2016 Category: Lipidology Authors: Wu, D., Xi, Q.-Y., Cheng, X., Dong, T., Zhu, X.-T., Shu, G., Wang, L.-N., Jiang, Q.-Y., Zhang, Y.-L. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Oxidative Stress-Activated NHE1 Is Involved in High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells.
CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that HG activates PKG signaling and elevates the production of ROS, which was responsible for the induction of NHE1 expression and dysfunction, as well as subsequent cell apoptosis, in renal tubular epithelial cells. PMID: 27401659 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Yonsei Medical Journal - July 13, 2016 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Wu Y, Zhang M, Liu R, Zhao C Tags: Yonsei Med J Source Type: research

Ampelopsin Improves Insulin Resistance by Activating PPARγ and Subsequently Up-Regulating FGF21-AMPK Signaling Pathway
by Yong Zhou, Ying Wu, Yu Qin, Lei Liu, Jing Wan, Lingyun Zou, Qianyong Zhang, Jundong Zhu, Mantian Mi Ampelopsin (APL), a major bioactive constituent of Ampelopsis grossedentata, exerts a number of biological effects. Here, we explored the anti-diabetic activity of APL and elucidate the underlying mechanism of this action. In palmitate-induced insulin resistance of L6 myotubes, APL treatment markedly up- regulated phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 and protein kinase B, along with a corresponding increase of glucose uptake capacity. APL treatment also increased expressions of fibroblast growth factor (FGF21) and...
Source: PLoS One - July 7, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yong Zhou Source Type: research

Epigenetic modification of miR-10a regulates renal damage by targeting CREB1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In this study, we assessed the role of miR-10a in extracellular matrix accumulation in the kidney of diabetic mellitus induced by combining administration of chronic high fat diet (HFD) and low dosage of streptozotocin (STZ, 35mg/kg). Here, we found that HFD/STZ administration decreased the level of microRNA (miR-10a) expression in ICR strain mice. Overexpression of miR-10a alleviated the increased ratio of urine albumin-to-creatinine (ACR) ratio of HFD/STZ mice. In contrast, knockdown of miR-10a increased the ratio of kidney ACR in naïve mice. Furthermore, cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) was validated as ...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - June 8, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Shan Q, Zheng G, Zhu A, Cao L, Lu J, Wu D, Zhang Z, Fan S, Sun C, Hu B, Zheng Y Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Protective effects of marein on high glucose-induced glucose metabolic disorder in HepG2 cells
Conclusions Consequently, marein improved insulin resistance induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells through CaMKK/AMPK/GLUT1 to promote glucose uptake, through IRS/Akt/GSK-3β to increase glycogen synthesis, and through Akt/FoxO1 to decrease gluconeogenesis. Marein could be a promising leading compound for the development of hypoglycemic agent or developed as an adjuvant drug for diabetes mellitus. Graphical abstract
Source: Phytomedicine - May 18, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Altered expression of uncoupling protein 2 in GLP-1-producing cells after chronic high glucose exposure: implications for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut L-cell hormone that enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Several approaches that prevent GLP-1 degradation or activate the GLP-1 receptor are being used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In T2DM, GLP-1 secretion has been suggested to be impaired, and this defect appears to be a consequence rather than a cause of impaired glucose homeostasis. However, although defective GLP-1 secretion has been correlated with insulin resistance, little is known about the direct effects of chronic high glucose concentrations, which are typical in diabetes patients, on GLP-1...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Urbano, F., Filippello, A., Di Pino, A., Barbagallo, D., Di Mauro, S., Pappalardo, A., Rabuazzo, A. M., Purrello, M., Purrello, F., Piro, S. Tags: Cell Signaling: Proteins, Pathways and Mechanisms CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research

Hyperglycemia Suppresses Calcium Phosphate-Induced Aneurysm Formation Through Inhibition of Macrophage Activation Vascular Medicine
Conclusions Our results show that hyperglycemia suppresses macrophage activation and aneurysmal degeneration through the activation of Nr1h2. Although further validation of the underlying pathway is necessary, targeting Nr1h2 is a potential therapeutic approach to treating aneurysm.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - March 27, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tanaka, T., Takei, Y., Yamanouchi, D. Tags: Aneurysm Vascular Medicine Source Type: research

Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle from pregnant women
Publication date: 15 April 2016 Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 425 Author(s): Stella Liong, Martha Lappas Sterile inflammation and infection are key mediators of inflammation and peripheral insulin resistance associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Studies have shown endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to induce inflammation and insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, however is paucity of studies investigating the effects of ER stress in skeletal muscle on inflammation and insulin resistance associated with GDM. ER stress proteins IRE1α, GRP78 and XBP-1s were up...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - March 3, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates inflammation and insulin resistance in pregnant skeletal muscle
Publication date: Available online 20 February 2016 Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Author(s): Stella Liong, Martha Lappas Sterile inflammation and infection are key mediators of inflammation and peripheral insulin resistance associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Studies have shown endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to induce inflammation and insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, however is paucity of studies investigating the effects of ER stress in skeletal muscle on inflammation and insulin resistance associated with GDM. ER stress proteins IRE1α, GRP78 and XBP-1s...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - February 20, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

High-density lipoprotein of patients with breast cancer complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus promotes cancer cells adhesion to vascular endothelium via ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 upregulation
Abstract Adhesion of disseminating tumor cells to vascular endothelium is a pivotal starting point in the metastasis cascade. We have shown previously that diabetic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has the capability of promoting breast cancer metastasis, and this report summarizes our more recent work studying the role of abnormal HDL in facilitating the adhesion of the circulating tumor cells to the endothelium. This is an initiating step in breast cancer metastasis, and this work assesses the role of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in this process. MDA-MB-231, MCF 7, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were tre...
Source: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment - February 12, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

lncRNA NONRATT021972 siRNA Decreases Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Mediated by the P2X 3 Receptor in Dorsal Root Ganglia
Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90 % of all cases of diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lncRNA NONRATT021972 small interference RNA (siRNA) on DNP mediated by the P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). These experiments showed that the expression levels of NONRATT021972 in DRG were increased in the T2DM rat model (intraperitoneal injection of STZ with 30 mg/kg). The concentra...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research