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Condition: Diabetes Mellitus

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Total 263 results found since Jan 2013.

Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).
Abstract Insulin resistance is an important pathological hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) plays a key role in maintaining blood glucose levels within normal range. Impaired GSIS has been associated with type 2 diabetes, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (cysLT1R) is an important G protein-coupled receptor mediating the biological functions of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs). Little is known about the effects of cysLT1R in insulin secretion and pathogenesis of T2DM. In the present study, we aimed to...
Source: Cellular Signalling - February 2, 2018 Category: Cytology Authors: Guo R, Jiang J, Jing Z, Chen Y, Shi Z, Deng B Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Protective Effects of Oxymatrine on Vascular Endothelial Cells from High-Glucose-Induced Cytotoxicity by Inhibiting the Expression of A < sub > 2B < /sub > Receptor
Conclusion: OMT may protect the HUVECs from high glucose-induced cytotoxicity through inhibitting the expression of A2B receptor and inflammatory factors as well as decreasing the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2.Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;45:558 –571
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - January 31, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Fibroblast growth factor 21 inhibition aggravates cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy by improving lipid accumulation.
In conclusion, it is suggested that FGF21 may be a potentially useful agent in the treatment of DCM. PMID: 29375676 [PubMed]
Source: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine - January 30, 2018 Category: General Medicine Tags: Exp Ther Med Source Type: research

miR ‐29 contributes to normal endothelial function and can restore it in cardiometabolic disorders
Abstract We investigated the role of microRNAs (miRNA) in endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiometabolic disorders represented by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). miR‐29 was dysregulated in resistance arterioles obtained by biopsy in T2DM patients. Intraluminal delivery of miR‐29a‐3p or miR‐29b‐3p mimics restored normal endothelium‐dependent vasodilation (EDVD) in T2DM arterioles that otherwise exhibited impaired EDVD. Intraluminal delivery of anti‐miR‐29b‐3p in arterioles from non‐DM human subjects or rats or targeted mutation of Mir29b‐1/a gene in rats led to impaired EDVD and exacerbatio...
Source: EMBO Molecular Medicine - January 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Michael E Widlansky, David M Jensen, Jingli Wang, Yong Liu, Aron M Geurts, Alison J Kriegel, Pengyuan Liu, Rong Ying, Guangyuan Zhang, Marc Casati, Chen Chu, Mobin Malik, Amberly Branum, Michael J Tanner, Sudhi Tyagi, Kristie Usa, Mingyu Liang Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Downregulation of cathepsin G reduces the activation of CD4+ T cells in murine autoimmune diabetes.
Authors: Zou F, Lai X, Li J, Lei S, Hu L Abstract Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease due to progressive injury of islet cells mediated by T lymphocytes (T cells). Our previous studies have shown that only cathepsin G (CatG), not other proteases, is involved in the antigen presentation of proinsulin, and if the presentation is inhibited, the activation of CD4+ T cells induced by proinsulin is alleviated in T1DM patients, and CatG-specific inhibitor reduces the activation of CD4+ cells induced by proinsulin in T1DM patients. Therefore, we hypothesize that CatG may play an important role in the a...
Source: American Journal of Translational Research - December 10, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Am J Transl Res Source Type: research

Overexpression of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase protects insulin-secreting cells against cytokine toxicity Metabolism
In conclusion, the relatively low endogenous Spl expression level in insulin-secreting cells contributes to their extraordinary vulnerability to proinflammatory cytokine toxicity and may therefore represent a promising target for β-cell protection in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - December 8, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Claudine Hahn, Karolina Tyka, Julie D. Saba, Sigurd Lenzen, Ewa Gurgul-Convey Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research

Effects of LncRNA BC168687 siRNA on Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Mediated by P2X7 Receptor on SGCs in DRG of Rats.
In conclusion, lncRNA BC168687 may participate in the pathogenesis of DNP mediated by P2X7 receptor, which will provide a novel way for the study of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus complicated with neuropathic pain and its prevention and treatment. PMID: 29204447 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Biomed Res - December 7, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Liu C, Tao J, Wu H, Yang Y, Chen Q, Deng Z, Liu J, Xu C Tags: Biomed Res Int Source Type: research

Epigenetic control of early neurodegenerative events in diabetic retinopathy by the histone deacetylase SIRT6
Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the common complications associated with diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Recent research has demonstrated that DR is not only a microvascular disease but may be a result of neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, glucose‐induced neuron and glial cell damage may occur shortly after the onset of diabetes which makes the disease hard to diagnose at early stages. SIRT6, a NAD‐dependent sirtuin deacylase, modulates aging, energy metabolism, and neurodegeneration. In previous studies we showed that SIRT6 deficiency causes major retinal transmission d...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - November 21, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mar ía A. Zorrilla‐Zubilete, Ada Yeste, Francisco J. Quintana, Debra Toiber, Raul Mostoslavsky, Dafne M. Silberman Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Androgen signaling expands β-cell mass in male rats and β-cell androgen receptor is degraded under high-glucose conditions.
Abstract A deficient pancreatic β-cell mass increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the effects of testosterone on the development of pancreatic β-cell mass in male rats. The β-cell mass of male rats castrated at 6 weeks of age was reduced to ~30% of that of control rats at 16 weeks of age, and castration caused glucose intolerance. Loss of β-cell mass occurred due to decreases in islet density/pancreas and β-cell cluster size. Castration was negatively associated with the number of Ki67-positive β-cells and positively associated with the number of TUNEL-positive β-cells. These...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - November 14, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Harada N, Yoda Y, Yotsumoto Y, Masuda T, Takahashi Y, Katsuki T, Kai K, Shiraki N, Inui H, Yamaji R Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

ULK1-Regulated Autophagy: A Mechanism in Cellular Protection for ALDH2 against Hyperglycemia.
This study was designed to examine the mechanism behind ALDH2-offered protection against high glucose exposure with a focus on autophagy. H9C2 cells were cultured with normal or high glucose medium in the presence or absence of the ALDH2 agonist Alda-1. GFP-LC3 puncta and immunofluorescence were employed to assess autophagosome formation. Western blotting was applied to evaluate autophagy protein markers Atg5, LC3, p62, ULK1 phosphorylation and ALDH2. JC-1 staining was used to monitor mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial injury. CCK-8 and TUNEL assays were employed for apoptosis and cell viability. Our result...
Source: Toxicology Letters - November 8, 2017 Category: Toxicology Authors: Liu M, Lu S, He W, Zhang L, Ma Y, Lv P, Ma M, Yu W, Wang J, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Li Y Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

“Epigenetic control of early neurodegenerative events in Diabetic Retinopathy by the histone deacetylase SIRT6”
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - October 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mar ía A. Zorrilla‐Zubilete, Ada Yeste, Francisco J. Quintana, Debra Toiber, Raul Mostoslavsky, Dafne M. Silberman Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

High Glucose Stimulates Mineralocorticoid Receptor Transcriptional Activity Through the Protein Kinase C β Signaling.
Authors: Hayashi T, Shibata H, Kurihara I, Yokota K, Mitsuishi Y, Ohashi K, Murai-Takeda A, Jo R, Ohyama T, Sakamoto M, Tojo K, Tajima N, Utsunomiya K, Itoh H Abstract Activation of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is shown in resistant hypertension including diabetes mellitus. Although protein kinase C (PKC) signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, an association between PKC and MR is not known. Activation of PKCα and PKCβ by TPA (12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) increased MR proteins and its transcriptional activities in HEK293-MR cells. In contrast, a high glucose condition resu...
Source: International Heart Journal - October 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Int Heart J Source Type: research

SOCS2 exacerbates myocardial injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in diabetic mice and H9c2 cells through inhibiting the JAK-STAT-IGF-1 pathway
This study aimed to investigate potential candidates and molecular mechanisms of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Main methods Type 2 diabetic and myocardial I/R mouse models were established with a high fat-diet (HFD) for 24weeks and subjecting to global ischemia/reperfusion for 1h/3h, respectively. Microarray analysis was applied to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hearts of these mice. Moreover, H9c2 cells were treated with high glucose (HG) and/or hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R). Subsequently, the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2)...
Source: Life Sciences - September 8, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Downregulated NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes signaling pathways in the development and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSION: NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes signaling pathways were associated with the development and progression of T1DM, which response as protective factors in the early stage of T1DM. PMID: 28783585 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - August 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Liu H, Xu R, Kong Q, Liu J, Yu Z, Zhao C Tags: Biomed Pharmacother Source Type: research

Advanced glycation end ‐products and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide increase calprotectin expression in human gingival epithelial cells
This study aimed at investigating the effects of AGE and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS) on calprotectin expression in the human gingival epithelial cell line OBA‐9. AGE and PgLPS increased the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 mRNAs, and AGE + PgLPS co‐stimulation amplified their expression in OBA‐9 cells. A higher concentration of calprotectin in cell lysates was also induced by stimulation with AGE and/or PgLPS. S100A8 was mainly translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by AGE stimulation, while cytoplasmic localization of S100A9 was not altered following stimulation with AGE and/or PgL...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - August 3, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yuka Hiroshima, Eijiro Sakamoto, Kaya Yoshida, Kaori Abe, Koji Naruishi, Takenori Yamamoto, Yasuo Shinohara, Jun ‐ichi Kido, Carolyn L. Geczy Tags: Article Source Type: research