EDITOR SPOTLIGHT: Interview with Cholinergic Mechanisms Special Issue Guest Editor Hermona Soreq
AbstractHermona Soreq holds a Hebrew University Slesinger Chair in Molecular Neuroscience and is among the founding members of the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Sciences (ELSC). Soreq's research (H-impact: 98) focuses on acetylcholine (ACh)-related pathways and combines RNA-sequencing technologies, transgenic engineering, and molecular biology tests with in-depth analysis approaches. Her work addresses microRNAs (miRs) and transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) which have rapidly acquired wide recognition as global controllers of regulatory processes in healthy and diseased brain and body, including anxiety, inflammation, a...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 16, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: JNC Editorial Office,
Kim H. Kwan,
Hermona Soreq Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Excitotoxic glutamate levels cause the secretion of resident endoplasmic reticulum proteins
This study provides a new link between excitotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, and the ER proteome. During excitotoxicity, glutamate receptor over-activation causes elevated intracellular Ca2+, promoting cellular dysfunction/death. While consequences of cytosolic Ca2+ in excitotoxicity are well studied, changes in ER Ca2+ during excitotoxicity remain unclear. High ER Ca2+ concentrations are necessary for ER-resident protein function and maintain cellular proteostasis. Here, we show that excitotoxic conditions destabilize the ER proteome triggering ER-resident protein secretion. Stabilizing ER...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 16, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Amanda M. Dossat,
Kathleen A. Trychta,
Elliot J. Glotfelty,
Joshua J. Hinkle,
Lowella V. Fortuno,
Lana N. Gore,
Christopher T. Richie,
Brandon K. Harvey Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Altered hippocampal doublecortin expression in Parkinson's disease
This study utilized postmortem human brain tissue of PD and age-matched control individuals to investigate DCX expression in the context of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our findings demonstrate a significant reduction in the number of DCX-expressing cells within the subgranular zone (SGZ), as well as a decrease in the nuclear area of these DCX-positive cells in postmortem brain tissue obtained from PD cases, suggesting an impairment in the adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Additionally, we found that the nuclear area of DCX-positive cells correlates with pH levels. In summary, we provide evidence supporting that the proce...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 15, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Evelini Pl ácido,
David J. Koss,
Tiago Fleming Outeiro,
Patricia S. Brocardo Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Regulation of astrocyte metabolism by mitochondrial translocator protein 18 kDa
Astrocytes are key players in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Proper control of cellular bioenergetics is essential for this, and poor control of astrocyte bioenergetics may underlie many CNS conditions. We hypothesized that translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) regulates the metabolism of astrocytes and thus serves as a therapeutic target. In two models, TSPO deficiency reduced bioenergetic rates and lactate release, while promoting bioenergetic resistance to glucose withdrawal and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Following lipopolysaccharide (LPS ) stimulation, TSPO deficient astrocytes showed no change ...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wyn Firth,
Josephine L. Robb,
Daisy Stewart,
Katherine R. Pye,
Rosemary Bamford,
Asami Oguro ‐Ando,
Craig Beall,
Kate L. J. Ellacott Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Xanthurenic acid: A role in brain intercellular signaling
The two compounds are structural analogues and the level of XA is regulated by the activity of KMO producing the precursor 3-hydroxykynurenine. XA accumulates in neurons, while KYNA is present in astrocytes. Unknown factors regulate the release of each of these compounds. XA stimulates glutamate metabotropic receptor and vesicular transport, but additionally, it presents agonistic effect on specific GPCR for which a specific synthetic antagonist has been described. KYNA is thought to be released from astrocyte and binds to NMDA and cholinergic receptors. TH neurons producing DA seem to be a target for both compounds: KYNA ...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Michel Maitre,
Omar Taleb,
H élène Jeltsch‐David,
Christian Klein,
Ayikoe‐Guy Mensah‐Nyagan Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
The role of serotonin in depression —A historical roundup and future directions
Although depression has been studied for many decades, the exact mechanisms that lead to depression are still unknown, and available treatments only help a fraction of patients. In the 1960s, the serotonin hypothesis was published, suggesting that serotonin is the key player in depression. However, this hypothesis is being increasingly doubted. In this review, we aim to contribute to the ongoing debate on the involvement of serotonin in depression. We review the evolution of antidepressant treatments, systemic research over the years, and future research applications that will help to bridge the gap between systemic resear...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Svenja Bremshey,
Juliana Gro ß,
Kim Renken,
Olivia Andrea Masseck Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Genetically encoded sensors for in vivo detection of neurochemicals relevant to depression
In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the neurochemical systems implicated in depressive disorders and emphasize the need to gain a better understanding in order to develop more effective treatments. Moreover, we present a range of techniques for monitoring neurochemical release, with a particular focus on the recently developed genetically encoded neurochemical sensors. These sensors offer a valuable opportunity to monitor neurochemical dynamics in vivo with high spatial–temporal resolution. Additionally, we delve into recent depression studies that utilized these neurochemical sensors and discuss pot...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yulin Zhao,
Jinxia Wan,
Yulong Li Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Correction to A synthetic inhibitor of p53 protects neurons against death induced by ischemic and excitotoxic insults, and amyloid β‐peptide
(Source: Journal of Neurochemistry)
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Tags: CORRECTION Source Type: research
Response of nitrergic system in the brain of rat conditioned to intracranial self ‐stimulation
Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) via electrode in lateral hypothalamus-medial forebrain bundle (LH-MFB) resulted in increased lever press activity and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in locus coeruleus (see accompanying image) and some discrete areas. Dialysates from nucleus accumbens showed increase in dopamine (DA) in ICSS rats (blue trace) compared to non-ICSS controls (green trace). Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of nNOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) to ICSS animals reduced the lever press activity and dopamine secretion (red trace). The study defines the scope and importance of nitrer...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 6, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Amit G. Choudhary,
Sanjay N. Awathale,
Biru B. Dudhabhate,
Namrata Pawar,
Gouri Jadhav,
Manoj A. Upadhya,
Trupti Khedkar,
Yashashree A. Gadhikar,
Amul J. Sakharkar,
Nishikant K. Subhedar,
Dadasaheb M. Kokare Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Metabolic response of auditory brainstem neurons to their broad physiological activity range
The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) with its broad firing range and biophysical specialisations represents an apt metabolic model. We found that O2 consumption rates increase with stimulation frequency despite the same number of stimuli. In contrast, changes in NAD(P)H/FAD autofluorescence exhibited a divergent frequency dependency. This mismatch might be explained with the fact that O2 monitoring quantitatively measures ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation, whereas NAD(P)H/FAD autofluorescence reflects their net changes by several metabolic processes. It highlights the necessity to monitor different...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 5, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nicola Palandt,
Cibell Resch,
Patricia Unterlechner,
Lukas Voshagen,
Valentin R. Winhart,
Lars Kunz Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Unmoving and uninflamed: Characterizing neuroinflammatory dysfunction in the Wistar ‐Kyoto rat model of depression
We aimed at assessing anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and determining whether these were associated to changes in levels of neuroinflammatory markers (Iba-1, CD86, Ym1, GFAP, S100A10) and mediators (interleukins IL-1 β, IL-6, TNF-α) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and amygdala. We found that WKY rats displayed increased anxiety-like behaviors, but inconsistent depressive-like behaviors, and severely diminished locomotor activity. Additionally, we found no neuroinflammatory changes in any of the as sessed regions. Our data question some aspects of the validity of the WKY mode...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 3, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Miguel Farinha ‐Ferreira,
Daniela M. Magalhães,
Mariana Neuparth‐Sottomayor,
Hugo Rafael,
Catarina Miranda‐Lourenço,
Ana M. Sebastião Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Perineuronal net in the extrinsic innervation of the distal colon of mice and its remodeling in ulcerative colitis
In conclusion, a PNN-like structure around DRG neuronal cell bodies was described and found modulated by UC, as changes in quantity, morphology, and expression profile of the PNN were detected, suggesting a potential role in sensory neuron peripheral sensitization, possibly modulating the pain profile of ulcerative colitis. (Source: Journal of Neurochemistry)
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 2, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Matheus Deroco Veloso da Silva,
Larissa da Silva Bonassa,
Maiara Piva,
Camila Regina Basso,
Tiago Henrique Zaninelli,
Camila Cristina Alves Machado,
Fábio Goulart de Andrade,
Carlos Alberto Miqueloto,
Debora de Mello Gonçales Sant´Ana,
Rubi Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Muscle ‐building supplement β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutyrate stimulates the maturation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells to oligodendrocytes
Here, we demonstrate how β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a muscle-building supplement, stimulates the maturation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPCs) to oligodendrocytes. HMB induces the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARα in oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPCs), which then binds t o peroxisome proliferator-responsive element (PPRE) present in the promoter of myelin-specific genes to stimulate gene transcription, increase the level of myelin-specific proteins, and switch OPCs to oligodendrocytes. AbstractOligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells in the CNS and multiple sclerosis ...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - February 29, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Malabendu Jana,
Shelby Prieto,
Sukhamoy Gorai,
Sridevi Dasarathy,
Madhuchhanda Kundu,
Kalipada Pahan Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Breaking the rules of SLC6 transporters: Export of the human creatine transporter ‐1 from the endoplasmic reticulum is supported by its N‐terminus
Point mutations in the human creatine transporter 1 (CRT1) trigger the creatine transporter deficiency syndrome manifested by intellectual disability and epilepsy. Such pathogenic variants frequently impair CRT1 protein folding and trafficking. By generating serial truncations and chimeric constructs, we identified the amino-terminus region as a key determinant of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-exit mechanisms of CRT1. Surprisingly, mutations in the putative carboxyl-terminal ER-export motifs failed to impair the delivery of CRT1 to the plasma membrane. Thus, CRT1 is unique among its solute carrier 6 transporter relatives, sin...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - February 29, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Didem Ün,
Vasylyna Kovalchuk,
Ali El‐Kasaby,
Ameya Kasture,
Florian Koban,
Oliver Kudlacek,
Michael Freissmuth,
Sonja Sucic Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
MicroRNA ‐29b‐3p degenerates terminally differentiated dopaminergic SH‐SY5Y cells by perturbation of mitochondrial functions
MicroRNA-29b-3p, previously implicated in neuronal differentiation and damage, was investigated for its role in neurotoxicant-induced disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. Our study unveiled that miR-29b-3p over-expression adversely impacted cellular bioenergetics, dynamics, and redox regulation, thereby promoting mitochondrial dysfunction. This initiated a cascade involving SIRT-1/YY-1/PGC-1 α, culminating in the BNIP-3L-mediated caspase activation pathway in differentiated dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. These findings shed light on the previously unexplored dimension of miR-29b-3p, establishing its link to neurotoxicant...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - February 28, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sana Sarkar,
Anuj Pandey,
Sanjeev Kumar Yadav,
Pragati Raghuwanshi,
Mohammed Haris Siddiqui,
Saripella Srikrishna,
Aditya Bhushan Pant,
Sanjay Yadav Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research