Erratum [Erratum]
(Source: FASEB Journal)
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Tags: Erratum Source Type: research
Telomere length dynamics in early life: the blood-and-muscle model [Research]
We examined a blood-and-muscle model during early life, focusing on TL trajectories in leukocytes, representing the highly proliferative hematopoietic system, and skeletal muscle, a minimally proliferative tissue. Leukocyte TL (LTL) and skeletal muscle TL (MTL) were measured in 28 fetuses and 73 children. LTL and MTL were highly variable across individuals (sd: fetal LTL = 0.72 kb, MTL = 0.72 kb; children LTL = 0.81 kb, MTL = 0.82 kb) but were highly correlated within individuals (fetuses, r = 0.76, P < 0.0001; children, r = 0.87, P < 0.0001). LTL was shorter than MTL in fetuses (10.63 vs. 11.01 kb; P = 0.0004) and c...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Sabharwal, S., Verhulst, S., Guirguis, G., Kark, J. D., Labat, C., Roche, N. E., Martimucci, K., Patel, K., Heller, D. S., Kimura, M., Chuang, D., Chuang, A., Benetos, A., Aviv, A. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Increased miR-124-3p in microglial exosomes following traumatic brain injury inhibits neuronal inflammation and contributes to neurite outgrowth via their transfer into neurons [Research]
Neuronal inflammation is the characteristic pathologic change of acute neurologic impairment and chronic traumatic encephalopathy after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Inhibiting the excessive inflammatory response is essential for improving the neurologic outcome. To clarify the regulatory mechanism of microglial exosomes on neuronal inflammation in TBI, we focused on studying the impact of microglial exosomal miRNAs on injured neurons in this research. We used a repetitive (r)TBI mouse model and harvested the injured brain extracts from the acute to the chronic phase of TBI to treat cultured BV2 microglia in vitro. The mic...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Huang, S., Ge, X., Yu, J., Han, Z., Yin, Z., Li, Y., Chen, F., Wang, H., Zhang, J., Lei, P. Tags: Research Source Type: research
SIRT1 antagonizes liver fibrosis by blocking hepatic stellate cell activation in mice [Research]
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a major source of fibrogenesis in the liver, contributing to cirrhosis. When activated, HSCs transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and undergo profound functional alterations paralleling an overhaul of the transcriptome, the mechanism of which remains largely undefined. We investigated the involvement of the class III deacetylase sirtuin [silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)] in HSC activation and liver fibrosis. SIRT1 levels were down-regulated in the livers in mouse models of liver fibrosis, in patients with cirrhosis, and in activated HSCs as opposed to quiescent HSCs. SIRT1 activati...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Li, M., Hong, W., Hao, C., Li, L., Wu, D., Shen, A., Lu, J., Zheng, Y., Li, P., Xu, Y. Tags: Research Source Type: research
{alpha}-Ketoglutarate prevents skeletal muscle protein degradation and muscle atrophy through PHD3/ADRB2 pathway [Research]
Skeletal muscle atrophy due to excessive protein degradation is the main cause for muscle dysfunction, fatigue, and weakening of athletic ability. Endurance exercise is effective to attenuate muscle atrophy, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully investigated. α-Ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key intermediate of tricarboxylic acid cycle, which is generated during endurance exercise. Here, we demonstrated that AKG effectively attenuated corticosterone-induced protein degradation and rescued the muscle atrophy and dysfunction in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model. Interestingly, AKG also inhibited the express...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Cai, X., Yuan, Y., Liao, Z., Xing, K., Zhu, C., Xu, Y., Yu, L., Wang, L., Wang, S., Zhu, X., Gao, P., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Q., Xu, P., Shu, G. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Endogenous glucocorticoid signaling in chondrocytes attenuates joint inflammation and damage [Research]
Previous studies demonstrated that endogenous glucocorticoid signaling in osteoblasts promotes inflammation in murine immune arthritis. The current study determined whether disruption of endogenous glucocorticoid signaling in chondrocytes also modulates the course and severity of arthritis. Tamoxifen-inducible chondrocyte-targeted glucocorticoid receptor-knockout (chGRKO) mice were generated by breeding GRflox/flox mice with tamoxifen-inducible collagen 2a1 Cre (Col2a1-CreERT2) mice. Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) and K/BxN serum transfer–induced arthritis (STIA) were induced in both chGRKO mice and their Cre-negati...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Tu, J., Stoner, S., Fromm, P. D., Wang, T., Chen, D., Tuckermann, J., Cooper, M. S., Seibel, M. J., Zhou, H. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Positional stable isotope tracer analysis reveals carbon routes during ammonia metabolism of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes [Research]
In this study, we used low- and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques to investigate the role of glucose during ammonia detoxification. Mosquitoes were fed a blood meal supplemented with [1,2-13C2]glucose, and downstream metabolites were measured for 24 h. Quantification of [13C] amino acids in the entire mosquito body was conducted without sample derivatization using selected reaction monitoring of mass transitions that are indicative of the structural position of [13C] atom incorporation. Identification of unlabeled and [13C] isotopologs of 43 compounds, including amino acids, amino a...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Horvath, T. D., Dagan, S., Lorenzi, P. L., Hawke, D. H., Scaraffia, P. Y. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Identification of truncated form of NosP as a transcription factor to regulate the biosynthesis of nosiheptide [Research]
Nosiheptide (NOS), a typical member of the thiopeptides, possesses strong activities against multidrug-resistant, gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Similar to other thiopeptides, the biosynthetic pathway of NOS belongs to a ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide system. Bioinformatics analysis of the NOS gene cluster suggests that nosP gene encodes a homologous protein of the Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory protein (SARP) family. In the present study, the actual initiation codon of nosP was identified by comparison of potential initiation codons GUG and AUG. In contrast to previous predictions...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Wu, X., Jin, L., Zhang, H., Tong, R., Ma, M., Chen, Y. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Carbonic anhydrase III protects osteocytes from oxidative stress [Research]
Osteocytes are master orchestrators of bone remodeling; they control osteoblast and osteoclast activities both directly via cell-to-cell communication and indirectly via secreted factors, and they are the main postnatal source of sclerostin and RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kB ligand), two regulators of osteoblast and osteoclast function. Despite progress in understanding osteocyte biology and function, much remains to be elucidated. Recently developed osteocytic cell lines—together with new genome editing tools—has allowed a closer look at the biology and molecular makeup of these cells. By using single-cell...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Shi, C., Uda, Y., Dedic, C., Azab, E., Sun, N., Hussein, A. I., Petty, C. A., Fulzele, K., Mitterberger-Vogt, M. C., Zwerschke, W., Pereira, R., Wang, K., Pajevic, P. D. Tags: Research Source Type: research
EVI and MDS/EVI are required for adult intestinal stem cell formation during postembryonic vertebrate development [Research]
The gene ectopic viral integration site 1 (EVI) and its variant myelodysplastic syndrome 1 (MDS)/EVI encode zinc-finger proteins that have been recognized as important oncogenes in various types of cancer. In contrast to the established role of EVI and MDS/EVI in cancer development, their potential function during vertebrate postembryonic development, especially in organ-specific adult stem cells, is unclear. Amphibian metamorphosis is strikingly similar to postembryonic development around birth in mammals, with both processes taking place when plasma thyroid hormone (T3) levels are high. Using the T3-dependent metamorphos...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Okada, M., Shi, Y.-B. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Exploiting mitochondrial and oxidative vulnerabilities with a synthetic analog of pancratistatin in combination with piperlongumine for cancer therapy [Research]
Harsh adverse effects as a result of nonspecific targeting of chemotherapeutics currently pose obstacles in cancer therapy; thus, it would be invaluable to devise novel approaches to specifically target cancer cells. The natural compound pancratistatin (PST) has been shown to preferentially induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell types. Recently, several analogs of PST were shown to be efficacious in inducing apoptosis in a variety of aggressive cancer cell types via cancer cell mitochondrial targeting; it caused dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased oxygen consumption, and with isolated mitoch...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Ma, D., Gilbert, T., Pignanelli, C., Tarade, D., Noel, M., Mansour, F., Gupta, M., Ma, S., Ropat, J., Curran, C., Vshyvenko, S., Hudlicky, T., Pandey, S. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Selective inhibitory effects of zinc on cell proliferation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through Orai1 [Research]
Zinc, an essential micronutrient, has a cancer preventive role. Zinc deficiency has been shown to contribute to the progression of esophageal cancer. Orai1, a store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channel, was previously reported to be highly expressed in tumor tissues removed from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with poor prognosis, and elevation of its expression contributes to both hyperactive intracellular Ca2+ oscillations and fast cell proliferation in human ESCC cells. However, the molecular basis of cancer preventive functions of zinc and its association with Orai1-mediated cell proliferation rem...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Choi, S., Cui, C., Luo, Y., Kim, S.-H., Ko, J.-K., Huo, X., Ma, J., Fu, L.-W., Souza, R. F., Korichneva, I., Pan, Z. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Tet1 overexpression leads to anxiety-like behavior and enhanced fear memories via the activation of calcium-dependent cascade through Egr1 expression in mice [Research]
Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (Tet1) initiates DNA demethylation by converting 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) at CpG-rich regions of genes, which have key roles in adult neurogenesis and memory. In addition, the overexpression of Tet1 with 5-hmC alteration in patients with psychosis has also been reported, for instance in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. The mechanism underlying Tet1 overexpression in the brain; however, is still elusive. In the present study, we found that Tet1-transgenic (Tet1-TG) mice displayed abnormal behaviors involving elevated anxiety and enha...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Kwon, W., Kim, H.-S., Jeong, J., Sung, Y., Choi, M., Park, S., Lee, J., Jang, S., Kim, S. H., Lee, S., Kim, M. O., Ryoo, Z. Y. Tags: Research Source Type: research
lncRNA AK017368 promotes proliferation and suppresses differentiation of myoblasts in skeletal muscle development by attenuating the function of miR-30c [Research]
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play diverse roles in biologic and pathologic processes, including myogenesis. We found that lncRNA AK017368 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle cells. Functional analyses showed that overexpression of AK017368 promoted proliferation and restrained differentiation of myoblasts; whereas inhibition of AK017368 had completely opposite effects in vitro. In mice, knockdown of AK017368 promoted muscle hypertrophy in vivo. RNA molecules of AK017368 acted mechanistically as competing endogenous RNAs to target micro-RNA (miR)-30c, which was supported by the results of bioinform...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Liang, T., Zhou, B., Shi, L., Wang, H., Chu, Q., Xu, F., Li, Y., Chen, R., Shen, C., Schinckel, A. P. Tags: Research Source Type: research
