Inhibition Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by a Cholesterol Derivative, Nat-20(S)-yne
Biol Pharm Bull. 2024;47(5):930-940. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00797.ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the etiological agent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19, with the recurrent epidemics of new variants of SARS-CoV-2, remains a global public health problem, and new antivirals are still required. Some cholesterol derivatives, such as 25-hydroxycholesterol, are known to have antiviral activity against a wide range of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. At the entry step of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the viral envelope fuses with the host membrane ...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - May 1, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Mana Murae Shota Sakai Non Miyata Yoshimi Shimizu Yuko Okemoto-Nakamura Takuma Kishimoto Motohiko Ogawa Hideki Tani Kazuma Tanaka Kohji Noguchi Masayoshi Fukasawa Source Type: research
Coronary artery calcium score as independent risk factor of obstructive coronary artery disease
Conclusions: Coronary artery calcium score is a valuable screening tool for identifying potential obstructive coronary artery disease, not only for individuals aged forty and above, but also for younger asymptomatic patients.PMID:38691782 | DOI:10.36740/WLek202403108 (Source: Atherosclerosis)
Source: Atherosclerosis - May 1, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Vitalina V Ivachevska Rostyslava R Supyk Mykhailo M Ivachevskyi Mykhailo M Hechko Antonina V Varvarynets Source Type: research
Effects of Empagliflozin on vascular and skeletal mineralization in Hyperlipidemic mice
Vascul Pharmacol. 2024 Apr 29:107376. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107376. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, major causes of morbidity and mortality, are associated with hyperlipidemia. Recent studies show that empagliflozin (EMPA), an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2), improves cardiovascular health. In preclinical animal studies, EMPA mitigates vascular calcification in the males but its effects in the females are not known. Thus, we used female mice to test the effects of EMPA on calcification in the artery wall, cardiac function, and skeletal bone. By serial in vivo mic...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - May 1, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sophia Kalanski Stuti Pradhan Andy Hon Yuxuan Xia Nora Safvati Juan Carlos Rivera Mimi Lu Linda L Demer Yin Tintut Source Type: research
USP18 Curbs the Progression of Metabolic Hypertension by Suppressing JAK/STAT Pathway
Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2024 Apr 30. doi: 10.1007/s12012-024-09860-7. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHypertension is a pathological state of the metabolic syndrome that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Managing hypertension is challenging, and we aimed to identify the pathogenic factors and discern therapeutic targets for metabolic hypertension (MHR). An MHR rat model was established with the combined treatment of a high-sugar, high-fat diet and ethanol. Histopathological observations were performed using hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius Red staining. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to screen differentially expr...
Source: Cardiovascular Toxicology - May 1, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Zhihong Xie Mingshan Huang Wang Xu Fuwei Liu Donghua Huang Source Type: research
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Its Association with Oxidative Stress in Myocardial Infarction
J Atheroscler Thromb. 2024 May 2. doi: 10.5551/jat.ED262. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38692903 | DOI:10.5551/jat.ED262 (Source: Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis)
Source: Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis - May 1, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yasuhiro Endo Kei Sasaki Katsunori Ikewaki Source Type: research
Cryo-EM images of phase separated lipid bilayer vesicles analyzed with a machine learning approach
Biophys J. 2024 Apr 30:S0006-3495(24)00291-1. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.04.029. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLateral lipid heterogeneity (i.e., raft formation) in biomembranes plays a functional role in living cells. Three-component mixtures of low- and high-melting lipids plus cholesterol offer a simplified experimental model for raft domains in which a liquid-disordered (Ld) phase coexists with a liquid-ordered (Lo) phase. Using such models, we recently showed that cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) can detect phase separation in lipid vesicles based on differences in bilayer thickness. However, the considerable nois...
Source: Biophysical Journal - May 1, 2024 Category: Physics Authors: Karan D Sharma Milka Doktorova M Neal Waxham Frederick A Heberle Source Type: research
Trimethylamine N-oxide ameliorates hepatic damage including reduction of hepatic bile acids and cholesterol in < em > Fxr < /em > -null mice
This study aims to determine the effect of TMAO on NAFLD. A diet containing 0.3% TMAO was fed to farnesoid X receptor (Fxr)-null mice, a model of NAFLD, for 13 weeks. Fxr-null mice fed TMAO showed significant reductions in liver damage markers but not wild-type mice. Hepatic bile acid and cholesterol levels were significantly decreased, and triacylglycerol levels tended to decrease in TMAO-fed Fxr-null mice. Changes in mRNA levels of hepatic bile acid and cholesterol transporters and synthetic enzymes were observed, which could explain the decreased hepatic bile acid and cholesterol levels in Fxr-null mice given the TMAO d...
Source: International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition - May 1, 2024 Category: Nutrition Authors: Masaaki Miyata Kento Takeda Sayuri Nagira Yoshimasa Sugiura Source Type: research
Genetic and Lifestyle Risk Factors of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Its Relationship with Premature Coronary Artery Disease: A Study on the Pars Cohort
CONCLUSION: Our study found that consuming opium decreases the likelihood of MAFLD in CAD patients, since these patients have decreased appetite and lower body mass index (BMI). On the other hand, female gender, having diabetes, high waist circumference, high triglyceride levels, and high ALT levels increase the probability of MAFLD in CAD patients.PMID:38690791 | DOI:10.34172/aim.2024.36 (Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine)
Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine - May 1, 2024 Category: Middle East Health Authors: Amir Anushiravani Maryam Rayatpisheh Amir Kasaeian Iman Menbari Oskouie Source Type: research
Identifying Risk Indicators of Cardiovascular Disease in Fasa Cohort Study (FACS): An Application of Generalized Linear Mixed-Model Tree
CONCLUSION: Given the superior performance of the GLMM tree compared with the standard tree and the lack of significant difference with the GLMM, using this model is suggested due to its simpler interpretation and fewer assumptions. Using updated statistical models for more accurate CVD prediction can result in more precise frameworks to aid in proactive patient detection planning.PMID:38690790 | DOI:10.34172/aim.2024.35 (Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine)
Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine - May 1, 2024 Category: Middle East Health Authors: Fariba Asadi Reza Homayounfar Mojtaba Farjam Yaser Mehrali Fatemeh Masaebi Farid Zayeri Source Type: research
Effects of supplementation of different selenium sources on lipid profile, selenium, and vitamin E concentration of yolk
AbstractEgg preference as a source of protein also provides beneficial fatty acids, vital for human consumption. However, rich in lipid products are prone to oxidative damage. The study aims to determine the effect of supplementing biogenic selenium (Se) fromStenotrophomonas maltophilia, ADS18 (ADS18) in laying hens ’ diet on yolk lipid oxidation status (MDA), beta-carotene (β-carotene) content, cholesterol, fatty acids, Se, and vitamin E (VE) level. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) laying hens of Lohmann Brown strains aged 50 weeks, weighing 1500 to 2000 g were reared individually in A-shape two-tie r stainless...
Source: Tropical Animal Health and Production - May 1, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Implementation of a primary-tertiary shared care model to improve the detection of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH): a mixed methods pre-post implementation study protocol
This study aims to implement a primary-tertiary shared care model to improve detection rates for FH. The primary objective is to evaluate the implementation of a shared care model and support package for genetic testing of FH. This protocol describes the design and methods used to evaluate the implementation of the shared care model and support package to improve the detection of FH.
Methods and analysis
This mixed methods pre-post implementation study design will be used to evaluate increased detection rates for FH in the tertiary and primary care setting. The primary-tertiary shared care model will be implemented at NSW...
Source: BMJ Open - May 1, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Birkenhead, K., Sullivan, D., Trumble, C., Spinks, C., Srinivasan, S., Partington, A., Elias, L., Hespe, C. M., Fleming, G., Li, S., Calder, M., Robertson, E., Trent, R., Sarkies, M. N. Tags: Open access, Genetics and genomics Source Type: research
Predictive values of relative fat mass and body mass index on cardiovascular health in community-dwelling older adults: Results from the Longevity Check-up (Lookup) 7+
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and non-communicable diseases worldwide [1,2]. Cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) such as excess body weight, high blood pressure (BP), diabetes, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and active smoking are responsible for more than half of new CVD diagnoses and one fifth of 10-year mortality [3]. Assessing and managing cardiovascular risk is particularly relevant in older adults, as advancing age itself is a predisposing factor for CVD [4]. (Source: Maturitas)
Source: Maturitas - May 1, 2024 Category: Primary Care Authors: Stefano Cacciatore, Riccardo Calvani, Emanuele Marzetti, Helio Jos é Coelho-Júnior, Anna Picca, Alberto Emanuele Fratta, Ilaria Esposito, Matteo Tosato, Francesco Landi Tags: Original article Source Type: research
Blood Cholesterol Levels of Parkinson's Disease patients in Taksim Research and Training Hospital in İstanbul, Turkey
Background: We planned a case-control retrospective study to find out how serum cholesterol levels and Parkinson's disease (PD) incidence relate to one another. (Source: Parkinsonism and Related Disorders)
Source: Parkinsonism and Related Disorders - May 1, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: E.N. T üncer, A.E. Okutan, F.M. Hal, İ.K. Barkut Source Type: research
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis: Understanding Neurological Manifestations Through Physical Exam Video
Background: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is an autosomal recessive lipid storage caused by mutations in the CYP27A1 gene, leading to cholesterol and cholestanol accumulation in lipophilic tissues. Neurological symptoms encompass intellectual disability, cognitive impairments, pyramidal signs, progressive ataxia, and dystonia, among others, while non-neurological manifestations include childhood-onset cataracts, tendon xanthomas, and diarrhea. Diagnostic delay, averaging 16 years due to its low prevalence, poses a significant challenge. (Source: Parkinsonism and Related Disorders)
Source: Parkinsonism and Related Disorders - May 1, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: M. Villa Lopez, T. Sugumar, O. Suchowersky Source Type: research
Molecules, Vol. 29, Pages 2085: Optimization of Composite Enzymatic Extraction, Structural Characterization and Biological Activity of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Akebia trifoliata Peel
Yu
Huayan Zheng
In order to reduce the waste of Akebia trifoliata peel and maximize its utilization, in this study, on the basis of a single-factor experiment and the response surface method, the optimum technological conditions for the extraction of soluble dietary fiber from Akebia trifoliata peel with the compound enzyme method were obtained. The chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, structural characterization and biological activity of the purified soluble dietary fiber (AP-SDF) from the Akebia trifoliata peel were analyzed. We discovered that that the optimum yield was 20.87% under the conditi...
Source: Molecules - May 1, 2024 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ya Song Guoshun Sun Dian Wang Jin Chen Jun Lv Sixia Jiang Guoqiang Zhang Shirui Yu Huayan Zheng Tags: Article Source Type: research
