What Causes Hemoptysis?
Discussion
True hemoptysis is a very uncommon or rare problem in pediatrics but can be potentially life-threatening. Massive hemoptysis has a high mortality (up to 50%) mainly from asphyxia and inability to ventilate and oxygenate the patient because of blood in the pulmonary airways. Fortunately, most hemoptysis is small in amount that resolves within 24 hours.
Initial evaluation for hemoptysis can include complete blood count, coagulation studies, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, urinalysis (possible pulmonary-renal problems), radiographic imaging including chest x-ray and/or computed tomography, and sputum studies. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Active significant bleeding and any evidence of cardiopulmonary compromise is treated aggressively. This may include bronchoscopy, ventilatory management and possible surgical treatment. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed as this is a common cause.
Learning Point
Data about the epidemiology of hemoptysis is hard to determine as it is uncommon and the causes are quite diverse. Infection is considered the primary cause but other/unknown cases also are common as a broad category. Anatomic abnormalities can be hard to identify but can cause some of the most severe bleeding and/or complications. Bleeding from other sites may cause the parent to believe the child has hemoptysis when in reality they have epistaxis or have bitten their tongue or cheek.
Causes of hemoptysis include:
Infection...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
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