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Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Total 538 results found since Jan 2013.

A long noncoding RNA UCA1 promotes proliferation and predicts poor prognosis in glioma
ConclusionLncRNA UCA1 can promote the proliferation and cell cycle progression of glioma cells by upregulating cyclin D1 transcription. So UCA1 may serve as an independent prognostic indicator and a novel therapeutic target for glioma.
Source: Clinical and Translational Oncology - January 18, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Biodegradable and Bioreducible Poly(beta ‐amino ester) Nanoparticles for Intracellular Delivery to Treat Brain Cancer
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: AIChE Journal - February 28, 2017 Category: Science Authors: Yuan Rui, Gabriella Qui ñones, Jordan J. Green Tags: perspective Source Type: research

Penfluridol suppresses glioblastoma tumor growth by Akt-mediated inhibition of GLI1.
Authors: Ranjan A, Srivastava SK Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain tumor with poor survival rate. Our results show that penfluridol, an antipsychotic drug significantly reduced the survival of ten adult and pediatric glioblastoma cell lines with IC50 ranging 2-5 μM after 72 hours of treatment and induced apoptosis. Penfluridol treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 and reduced the expression of GLI1, OCT4, Nanog and Sox2 in several glioblastoma cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibiting Akt with LY294002 and siRNA, or inhibiting GLI1 using GANT61, cyclopamine, ...
Source: Oncotarget - April 6, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

Silencing of DNA repair sensitizes pediatric brain tumor cells to ɣ-irradiation using gold nanoparticles
We present a nanoparticle (NP)-mediated delivery vehicle that effectively carries and protects siRNA in pediatric ependymoma (EP) and medulloblastoma (MB) cells. The delivery vehicle consists of gold NPs coated with a polymeric shell comprising polyethylene glycol (PG), chitosan and polyethyleneimine (Au-CP-PEI). NPs loaded with siRNA knocked down Ape1 expression by over 75% in both MB and EP cells. Further, this reduction in Ape1 expression is associated with an increase in DNA damage after irradiation. The results indicate that NP-associated delivery of siApe1 is a feasible approach to circumventing pediatric brain tumor...
Source: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology - April 28, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research

Silencing of DNA repair sensitizes pediatric brain tumor cells to γ-irradiation using gold nanoparticles
We present a nanoparticle (NP)-mediated delivery vehicle that effectively carries and protects siRNA in pediatric ependymoma (EP) and medulloblastoma (MB) cells. The delivery vehicle consists of gold NPs coated with a polymeric shell comprising polyethylene glycol (PG), chitosan and polyethyleneimine (Au-CP-PEI). NPs loaded with siRNA knocked down Ape1 expression by over 75% in both MB and EP cells. Further, this reduction in Ape1 expression is associated with an increase in DNA damage after irradiation. The results indicate that NP-associated delivery of siApe1 is a feasible approach to circumventing pediatric brain tumor...
Source: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology - May 11, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research

Toll-Like Receptor-4/p38 MAPK Signaling in the Dorsal Horn Contributes to P2X4 Receptor Activation and BDNF Over-secretion In Cancer Induced Bone Pain
In this study, we focused on whether TLR4- mitogen-activated protein kinases, p38 (p38 MAPK) contributes to P2X4R activation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) over-secretion in CIBP. In in vitro experiment, the results showed that BDNF expression evoked by ATP stimulation was dependent on TLR4-p38. In in vivo experiment, the results demonstrated that an intrathecal injection of TLR4 siRNA alleviated nociception induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus ATP or CIBP with decreased expression of P2X4R, TLR4, BDNF, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and phosphorylated-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK). Moreover, injection with p38MAPK inhibit...
Source: Neuroscience Research - June 29, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Long Noncoding RNA H19 Promotes Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke by Driving Histone Deacetylase 1-Dependent M1 Microglial Polarization Basic Sciences
Conclusions—Our findings indicate that H19 promotes neuroinflammation by driving HDAC1-dependent M1 microglial polarization, suggesting a novel H19-based diagnosis and therapy for ischemic stroke.
Source: Stroke - July 24, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Jue Wang, Haiping Zhao, Zhibin Fan, Guangwen Li, Qingfeng Ma, Zhen Tao, Rongliang Wang, Juan Feng, Yumin Luo Tags: Animal Models of Human Disease, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke, Ischemic Stroke Original Contributions Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 9, Pages 201: Importance of Autophagy in Mediating Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Morphine-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction and Inflammation in Human Astrocytes
Nazira El-Hage Under physiological conditions, the function of astrocytes in providing brain metabolic support is compromised under pathophysiological conditions caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioids. Herein, we examined the role of autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway important for cellular homeostasis and survival, as a potential regulatory mechanism during pathophysiological conditions in primary human astrocytes. Blocking autophagy with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting BECN1, but not the Autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) gene, caused a significant decrease in HIV and morphine-induced intra...
Source: Viruses - July 28, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Myosotys Rodriguez Jessica Lapierre Chet Ojha Hary Estrada-Bueno Seth Dever David Gewirtz Fatah Kashanchi Nazira El-Hage Tags: Article Source Type: research

AKAP150 involved in Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain via Inhibiting CN/NFAT2 pathway and downregulating IL-4.
In this study, we found that A-kinase anchor protein 150 (AKAP150) was significantly upregulated after paclitaxel injection. Inhibition of AKAP150 via siRNA or AKAP150(flox/flox) in rodents alleviated the pain behavior induced by paclitaxel, and partly restored the decreased calcineurin (CN) phosphatase activity after paclitaxel treatment. Paclitaxel decreased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4), and intrathecal injections of IL-4 effectively alleviated paclitaxel-induced hypersensitivity and the frequency of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons action potential. The decreased CN enzyme activity...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - October 19, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Nie B, Liu C, Bai X, Chen X, Wu S, Zhang S, Huang Z, Xie M, Xu T, Xin W, Zeng W, Ouyang H Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research

Migfilin promotes migration and invasion in glioma by driving EGFR and MMP-2 signalings: A positive feedback loop regulation
In this study, we found that Migfilin promoted matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, and restrained tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) expression, which is an MMP-2 inhibitor. Functional and structural studies showed that the LIM1 domain of Migfilin was required for Migfilin-mediated TIMP2 expression and MMP-2 activity, and was also necessary in promoting cell motility. Furthermore, Migfilin-induced EGFR phosphorylation was greatly reduced by MMP-2 inhibitor (GM6001) or siRNA, while Migfilin-induced MMP-2 activation was also blocked by the EGFR inhibitor (AG1478) or siRNA. MMP-2 and EGFR inhibitors and ...
Source: Journal of Genetics and Genomics - October 25, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

AKAP150 involved in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via inhibiting CN/NFAT2 pathway and downregulating IL-4
In this study, we found that A-kinase anchor protein 150 (AKAP150) was significantly upregulated after paclitaxel injection. Inhibition of AKAP150 via siRNA or AKAP150flox/flox in rodents alleviated the pain behavior induced by paclitaxel, and partly restored the decreased calcineurin (CN) phosphatase activity after paclitaxel treatment. Paclitaxel decreased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4), and intrathecal injections of IL-4 effectively alleviated paclitaxel-induced hypersensitivity and the frequency of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons action potential. The decreased CN enzyme activity, ...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - January 11, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A HIF-independent, CD133-mediated mechanism of cisplatin resistance in glioblastoma cells
ConclusionsFrom our data we conclude that the mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced CD133-mediated cisplatin resistance may be instrumental for the design of new GBM treatment strategies.
Source: Cellular Oncology - February 28, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

MicroRNA-499a decelerates glioma cell proliferation while accelerating apoptosis through the suppression of Notch1 and the MAPK signaling pathway.
Abstract As the most common and lethal of intracranial tumors, glioma accounts for 81% of all malignant brain tumors. Research data has identified the role of microRNAs (miRs) as functional suppressers in the progression of Glioma. The present study aimed to, ascertain as to whether microRNA-499a (miR-499a) influences cell proliferation and apoptosis through the MAPK signaling pathway by targeting Notch1 in glioma. Both glioma and adjacent tissues between 2012~2016, were obtained from People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital). The collected glioma cells were treated with miR-44...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - June 14, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Wang BQ, Yang B, Yang HC, Wang JY, Hu S, Gao YS, Bu XY Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

rh-IFN-α Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Improves Neurological Function by Inhibiting NF-κB through JAK1-STAT1/TRAF3 Pathway in an Experimental GMH Rat Model
In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that rh-IFN-α treatment attenuated neuroinflammation, neurological deficits and hydrocephalus formation through inhibiting microglial activation after GMH, which might be mediated by IFNAR/JAK1-STAT1/TRAF3/NF-κB signaling pathway. Rh-IFN-α may be a promising therapeutic agent to attenuate brain injury via its anti-inflammatory effect.
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - February 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Apc gene suppresses intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture through inhibiting the NF- κB signaling pathway mediated inflammatory response.
CONCLUSION: All above, Apc has the potential role to attenuate IA formation and rupture by inhibiting inflammatory response through repressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. PMID: 30808715 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Bioscience Reports - February 26, 2019 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Lai XL, Deng ZF, Zhu XG, Chen ZH Tags: Biosci Rep Source Type: research