Filtered By:
Cancer: Brain Cancers

This page shows you your search results in order of relevance. This is page number 8.

Order by Relevance | Date

Total 538 results found since Jan 2013.

The antipsychotic agent chlorpromazine induces autophagic cell death by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR pathway in human U-87MG glioma cells
In this study, we investigated the role of apoptosis and autophagy in CPZ-induced cytotoxicity in U-87MG glioma cells. CPZ treatment inhibited cell proliferation and long-term clonogenic survival. Additionally, CPZ triggered autophagy, as indicated by electron microscopy and accumulation of the membrane form of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-II); however, CPZ did not induce apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagy by expression of Beclin 1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in U-87MG cells attenuated CPZ-induced LC3-II formation. Furthermore, U-87MG cells expressing Beclin 1 siRNA attenuated CPZ-induced cell deat...
Source: Carcinogenesis - September 6, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shin, S. Y., Lee, K. S., Choi, Y.-K., Lim, H. J., Lee, H. G., Lim, Y., Lee, Y. H. Tags: Original Manuscript Source Type: research

Role of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in modulating nociception in rat model of bone cancer pain.
Abstract Bone cancer pain is a major clinical problem and remains difficult to treat. ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels may be involved in regulating nociceptive transmission at the spinal cord level. We determined the role of spinal KATP channels in the control of mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat model of bone cancer pain. The rat model of bone cancer pain was induced by implanting rat mammary gland carcinoma cells (Walker256) into the tibias. KATP modulators (pinacidil and glibenclamide) or the specific Kir6.2-siRNA were injected via an intrathecal catheter. The mechanical withdrawal threshold of rats ...
Source: Brain Research - January 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Xia H, Zhang D, Yang S, Wang Y, Xu L, Wu J, Ren J, Yao W, Fan L, Zhang C, Tian Y, Pan HL, Wang X Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

PHF20L1 Antagonizes DNMT1 Degradation DNA and Chromosomes
Inheritance of DNA cytosine methylation pattern during successive cell division is mediated by maintenance DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Lysine 142 of DNMT1 is methylated by the SET domain containing lysine methyltransferase 7 (SET7), leading to its degradation by proteasome. Here we show that PHD finger protein 20-like 1 (PHF20L1) regulates DNMT1 turnover in mammalian cells. Malignant brain tumor (MBT) domain of PHF20L1 binds to monomethylated lysine 142 on DNMT1 (DNMT1K142me1) and colocalizes at the perinucleolar space in a SET7-dependent manner. PHF20L1 knockdown by siRNA resulted in decreased amounts of...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - March 20, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Esteve, P.–O., Terragni, J., Deepti, K., Chin, H. G., Dai, N., Espeȷo, A., Correa, I. R., Bedford, M. T., Pradhan, S. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

Rcor2 underexpression in senescent mice: a target for inflammaging?
Conclusions: Data presented here show interplay between Rcor2 downregulation and increased inflammation and suggest that Rcor2 may be a key regulator of inflammaging.
Source: Journal of Neuroinflammation - July 23, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: María Alvarez-LópezPatricia Molina-MartínezMarco Castro-FreireMarta Cosín-TomásRosa CristòfolMarcelina PárrizasRosa EscorihuelaMerce PallàsCoral SanfeliuPerla Kaliman Source Type: research

PAX8 expression is associated with SHH/WNT subtypes, desmoplastic histology and patient survival in human medulloblastomas
ConclusionIn summary, high PAX8 expression is linked to better prognosis in medulloblastomas potentially by suppressing both proliferative and migratory properties of MB cells. The distinct spatio‐temporal expression pattern of PAX8 during brain development might contribute to the understanding of distinct MB subtype histogenesis.
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - October 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Patrick N. Harter, Peter Baumgarten, Jenny Zinke, Karl Schilling, Stefan Baader, Ann‐Kathrin Hartmetz, Jens Schittenhelm, Rudi Beschorner, Stefan Liebner, Dorothea Schulte, Karl‐Heinz Plate, Paul Gutwein, Andrey Korshunov, Stefan M. Pfister, David T. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

TGF-β-induced hCG-β regulates redox homeostasis in glioma cells.
Abstract Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) is associated with the progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-the most malignant of brain tumors. Since there is a structural homology between TGF-β and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and as both TGF-β and hCG-β are known regulators of oxidative stress and survival responses in a variety of tumors, the role of TGF-β in the regulation of hCG-β and its consequences on redox modulation of glioblastoma cells was investigated. A heightened hCG-β level was observed in GBM tumors. TGF-β treatment increased hCG-β expression in glioma cell lines, and this heigh...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - October 10, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ahmad F, Ghosh S, Sinha S, Joshi SD, Mehta VS, Sen E Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Abstract LB-207: mTORC2/Akt signaling is modulated by noncanonical mitochondrial Notch1/PINK1 interaction in myc-amplified medulloblastoma tumorigenesis
Medulloblastoma is known to be the most malignant pediatric brain tumor. The armamentarium of targeted therapies to currently treat medulloblastoma and similar pediatric central nervous system malignancies is extremely limited, often necessitating the need to combat such tumors with modified regimens of therapeutic options designed originally to target adult neoplasms. Given such limited therapies, a budding focus on the role of mitochondrial dysregulation in the tumorigenesis of such pathologies merits consideration. Mitochondria are known to play fundamental roles in multiple processes conserved across eukaryotic species...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Feroze, A. H., Lee, K.-S., Gholamin, S., Wu, Z., Weissman, I., Lu, B., Mitra, S. S., Cheshier, S. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 511: EGFR-initated NADPH oxidase activity regulates Fyn expression in glioblastoma multiforme
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) constitute the most aggressive and common form of primary brain tumors, conferring the worst clinical prognosis. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification, mutation and re-arrangement are commonly observed genetic lesions in GBM. The most frequently occurring EGFR variant in GBM, EGFRvIII, is characterized by a truncated extracellular domain, leading to a receptor which is unable to bind ligand yet rendered constitutively active. In addition to increasing proliferation and survival signaling, EGFRvIII increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); redox signaling in GBM...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Johnson, B., Chandra, J. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 3443: Wnt-beta-catenin-Rac1 signaling axis regulates metastasis-associated phenotypes in TNBC
Conclusion: Results of our experiments show that upregulation of WP regulates metastasis-associated phenotypes in TNBC via activation of RAC1 GTP-ase. The functional link between WP, metastasis and the activation of RAC1 is being currently worked out using RAC1SiRNA and pharmacological inhibitor of RAC1 in brain metastasizing MDA-MB231BR cells to specifically address the role of Wnt-beta-catenin-RAC1 signaling axis in the context of distant metastasis, the results of which will be presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Nandini Dey, Jennifer Carlson, Pradip De, Brian Leyland-Jones. Wnt-beta-catenin-Rac1 signaling axis r...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dey, N., Carlson, J., De, P., Leyland-Jones, B. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 5449A: PI3K and MEK inhibition in intracranial triple negative breast cancer: Efficacy of BKM120 and AZD6244 in preclinical mouse models
Conclusions: BKM120 and AZD6244 both improved survival in an IC TNBC SUM149 mouse model, with single agent AZD6244 being most efficacious. The siRNA screens indicate that combined treatment with BKM120 and AZD6244 should be synthetically lethal, suggesting that combination therapy may have underperformed due to toxicity. Ongoing in vitro and in vivo studies (including dosing schedules) will further characterize the effects of these drugs in intracranial TNBC. Citation Format: Amanda E.D. Van Swearingen, Marni B. Siegel, Ryan Bash, Brian Golitz, Charlene Santos, David Darr, Joel Parker, Gary L. Johnson, C. Ryan Miller, Care...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Swearingen, A. E. D. V., Siegel, M. B., Bash, R., Golitz, B., Santos, C., Darr, D., Parker, J., Johnson, G. L., Miller, C. R., Anders, C. K. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

CDK4/6 Inhibitor Reduces Human Liposarcoma Growth
In this study, we explored the role of CDK4 and the effects of NVP-LEE011 (LEE011), a novel selective inhibitor of CDK4/CDK6, on a panel of human liposarcoma cell lines and primary tumor xenografts. We found that both CDK4 knockdown by siRNA and inhibition by LEE011 diminished retinoblastoma (RB) phosphorylation and dramatically decreased liposarcoma cell growth. Cell-cycle analysis demonstrated arrest at G0–G1. siRNA-mediated knockdown of RB rescued the inhibitory effects of LEE011, demonstrating that LEE011 decreased proliferation through RB. Oral administration of LEE011 to mice bearing human liposarcoma xenograft...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - September 2, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zhang, Y.-X., Sicinska, E., Czaplinski, J. T., Remillard, S. P., Moss, S., Wang, Y., Brain, C., Loo, A., Snyder, E. L., Demetri, G. D., Kim, S., Kung, A. L., Wagner, A. J. Tags: Small Molecule Therapeutics Source Type: research

Suppression of TRPM7 Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Malignant Human Glioma Cells.
CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that human glioma cells express functional TRPM7 channel and that activation of this channel plays an important role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of malignant glioma cells. TRPM7 channel may represent a novel and promising target for therapeutic intervention of malignant glioma. PMID: 25438992 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - December 1, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Leng TD, Li MH, Shen JF, Liu ML, Li XB, Sun HW, Branigan D, Zeng Z, Si HF, Li J, Chen J, Xiong ZG Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

Knockdown of IL-1β Improves Hypoxia–ischemia Brain Associated with IL-6 Up-regulation in Cell and Animal Models
Abstract A study was conducted to investigate the effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on hypoxia ischemia (HI) of cultured astrocyte and neonatal rat models and to explore the underlying molecular regulation mechanism. Primary rat astrocyte was exposed to hypoxia (2 % O2, 98 % N2) and cultured in serum-free medium for 6, 12, and 18 h to establish cell model of HI. Morphologic changes of astrocyte were monitored and gene expression change of IL-1β evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To establish the HI animal model, 3 days old postnatal Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were treated with the righ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Prophylactic lithium alleviates splenectomy-induced cognitive dysfunction possibly by inhibiting hippocampal TLR4 activation in aged rats.
Abstract Though the pathogenesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) remains unclear, evidence is accumulating for a pivotal role of neuroinflammation in the disease process. Advanced age and severe surgical trauma are two main risk factors for POCD. Lithium, a neuroprotective agent, can alleviate peripheral surgery-induced memory impairment in aged rats. The results of in vivo and in vitro experiments also showed that toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) was associated with the occurrence and development of neuroinflammation and POCD. So we hypothesized that inhibition of TLR4 signaling in the hippocampus maybe ...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - March 31, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Lu SM, Gui B, Dong HQ, Zhang X, Zhang SS, Hu LQ, Liu HL, Sun J, Qian YN Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Inhibition of histamine receptor 3 suppresses glioblastoma tumor growth, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
In conclusion, overexpression of H3R is associated with glioma progression. Inhibition of H3R leads to suppressed invasion and EMT of GBM by inactivating the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways in gliomas. PMID: 25940798 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Oncotarget - May 6, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research