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Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Total 538 results found since Jan 2013.

Induction of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 activation-mediated C6 glioma cell invasion after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy
Conclusions: These results suggest that anti-VEGF treatment promotes glioma cell invasion via activation of Pyk2 . Inhibition of Pyk2 phosphorylation might be a potential target to ameliorate the therapeutic efficiency of anti-VEGF treatment.
Source: Journal of Translational Medicine - May 27, 2014 Category: Research Authors: Cheng-Shi XuZe-Fen WangLi-Ming DaiSheng-Hua ChuLing-Ling GongMing-Huan YangZhi-Qiang Li Source Type: research

Breast cancer metastasis: demonstration that FOXP3 regulates CXCR4 expression and the response to CXCL12
This study was designed to examine the role FOXP3 plays in metastatic breast cancer, with a particular focus on its potential to regulate CXCR4. Human breast cancer samples showed significantly decreased FOXP3 protein expression but an increased number of CXCR4 transcripts. In comparison with normal primary breast epithelial cells, FOXP3 was down‐regulated at both transcript and protein levels in the breast cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231. In the invasive MDA‐MB‐231 cells, the remaining FOXP3 was located predominately within the cytoplasm. Following stable FOXP3 over‐expression in MDA‐MB‐231 cells...
Source: The Journal of Pathology - May 28, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Stephen Douglass, Annette P Meeson, Dorota Overbeck‐Zubrzycka, John G Brain, Miriam R Bennett, Christopher A Lamb, Thomas WJ Lennard, David Browell, Simi Ali, John A Kirby Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Identification and characterization of membrane androgen receptors in the ZIP9 zinc transporter subfamily: I. Discovery in female Atlantic croaker and evidence ZIP9 mediates testosterone-induced apoptosis of ovarian follicle cells.
We report here cloning and expression of a cDNA from Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) ovaries encoding a 33 kDa, 7-transmembrane protein with binding and signaling characteristics of a membrane androgen receptor (mAR) that is unrelated to any previously described steroid receptor. Instead croaker mAR has 81-93% amino acid sequence identity with zinc transporter ZIP9 (SLC39A9) subfamily members, indicating it is a ZIP9 protein. Croaker ZIP9 is expressed in gonadal tissues and in brain, and is upregulated in the ovary by reproductive hormones. ZIP9 protein is localized to plasma membranes of croaker granulosa cells...
Source: Endocrinology - July 11, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Berg AH, Rice CD, Rahman MS, Dong J, Thomas P Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Decreased expression and prognostic role of cytoplasmic BRSK1 in human breast carcinoma: correlation with Jab1 stability and PI3K/Akt pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: BRSK1 is a novel tumor suppressor in breast cancer which inversely correlated with Jab1 expression, may involve in the restoring Jab1-induced suppression of p27kip1 and may regulate cell cycle through PI3K⁄Akt pathway. PMID: 25036402 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental and Molecular Pathology - July 15, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Wang H, Liu XB, Chen JH, Wang QQ, Chen JP, Xu JF, Sheng CY, Ni QC Tags: Exp Mol Pathol Source Type: research

Ephrin‐A3 and Ephrin‐A4 Contribute to Microglia‐Induced Angiogenesis in Brain Endothelial Cells
ABSTRACT The association of microglia with brain vasculature during development and the reduced brain vascular complexity in microglia‐deficient mice suggest the role of microglia in cerebrovascular angiogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, using an in vitro angiogenesis model, we found the culture supernatant of BV2 microglial cells significantly enhanced capillary‐like tube formation and migration of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). The expression of angiogenic factors, ephrin‐A3 and ephrin‐A4, were specifically upregulated in BMECs exposed to BV2‐derived cul...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - July 28, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ying Li, Dong‐Xin Liu, Mei‐Yang Li, Xiao‐Xue Qin, Wen‐Gang Fang, Wei‐Dong Zhao, Yu‐Hua Chen Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Blocking the bFGF/STAT3 interaction through specific signaling pathways induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells
In this study, we used inhibitors to block specific signaling pathways, including JAK, PI3K/Akt, and Src pathways, to explore how bFGF mediates crosstalk with STAT3 in two glioblastoma(GBM) cell lines: U251 (mutant p53) and U87 (wild-type p53). Furthermore, we explored how the bFGF/STAT3 pathway affects GBM cell apoptosis. Our results suggest that bFGF can induce the activation of STAT3 mainly through the JAK and PI3K/Akt pathways, and that siRNA-mediated knockdown of STAT3 markedly reduces the bFGF levels in U251 cells. Our results also suggest that STAT3 knockdown increases the expression of pro-apoptotic genes and decre...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 27, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Cb-19 * pid1, a new growth-inhibitory gene, sensitizes medulloblastoma and glioma cell lines to chemotherapy
CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that PID1 sensitizes glioma and medulloblastoma cell lines to chemotherapy, possibly explaining the correlation between higher PID1 mRNA and longer patient survival. This suggests also that PID1 mimetics may act as chemotherapy sensitizers in brain tumor treatment.
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 3, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Xu, J., Ren, X., Tran, A., Erdreich-Epstein, A. Tags: CELL BIOLOGY Source Type: research

Cs-22 * mixed lineage kinase signaling is required for glioblastoma cell migration and invasion
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors are the most deadly of brain tumors due to their diffuse infiltrative nature and tremendous heterogeneity. EGFR signaling is aberrantly activated in most GBM tumors, and clearly contributes to malignancy. However, targeting EGFR directly has been largely unsuccessful, for multiple reasons, including compensatory upregulation of other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Identifying and targeting key common signaling nodes downstream of multiple RTKs that drive invasion may be an effective therapeutic strategy. The Mixed Lineage Kinases (MLKs) are a family of MAP3Ks that activate multiple M...
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 3, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Misek, S., Chen, J., Gallo, K. Tags: CELL SIGNALING AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS Source Type: research

Abstract 1762: Phosphodiesterase 10, a novel target for colorectal cancer therapeutics
Phosphodiesterase 10 (PDE10) is a newly characterized PDE isozyme that is expressed in regions of the brain affecting cognition and psychomotor activity. Inhibitors are currently being developed for the treatment of schizophrenia and Huntington's disease, one of which, Pf-2545920 (MP-10), is in clinical trials. Although PDE10 is not expressed in most peripheral tissues, we recently found high levels in colon tumor cells compared with normal colonocytes and that genetic silencing by siRNA selectively suppressed colon tumor cell growth. These observations suggest that PDE10 may represent a novel anticancer target. Pf-2545920...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lee, K. J., Li, N., Chen, X., Zhu, B., Yet, L., Piazza, G. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Abstract 1774: Polysialyltransferase ST8SiaII: a new target for the treatment of metastatic tumors
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a carbohydrate polymer expressed on the surface of NCAM (neuronal cell adhesion molecule) in many cancer cells where it modulates cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis. PolySia-NCAM expression is strongly associated with poor clinical prognosis and correlates with aggressive/invasive disease in small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, neuroblastoma and many other tumors principally of neuroendocrine origin [1]. SiRNA knockdown of polysialyltransferase ST8SiaII (STX), the enzyme primarily responsible for polySia synthesis in tumors, has been shown to abolish tu...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Viprey, V., Springett, B. R., Al-Saraireh, Y., Northrop, M., Sutherland, M., Saeed, R., Loadman, P. M., Patterson, L. H., Shnyder, S. D., Falconer, R. A. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Abstract 3107: The role of LIN28 in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) pathogenesis
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a highly malignant brain tumor developing almost exclusively in children. It belongs to the embryonal brain tumor group which consists of primitive tumors recapitulating early embryogenesis of nervous system. It is known that loss of INI protein expression is the hallmark of ATRT pathogenesis. LIN28 is a key gene in embryonic development and maintenance of pluripotency in stem cells. Considering the primitive nature and young age onset of ATRT, LIN28 may be an important co-player in ATRT pathogenesis. We explored the expression and functional role of LIN28 in ATRT. In tumor tissue...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Phi, J. H., Choi, S. A., Kim, Y. H., Kim, Y.-H., Park, C.-K., Wang, K.-C., Kim, S.-K. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 3143: Sodium butyrate induced cellular senescence, inhibited invasion and modulated cellular metabolism in glioblastoma cells
Sodium butyrate (SB) -C-4 saturated fatty acid (short-chain fatty acids) present in the human bowel membrane in the quite high concentration (2 mM) as food metabolites. It was previously reported that SB showed anti-tumor effect as HDAC inhibitor, however, the precise mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Here, we focused on the role of SB on cancer cell growth, motility and invasion. Physiological concentration of SB (0.25-4 mM) induced inhibition of cell growth, colony formation in soft agar, in vitro motility and invasiveness with Boyden chamber and wound healing assay in a dose-dependent fashion using human glioblasto...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nakagawa, H., Shindou, M., Sasagawa, S., Itoh, K. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 3775: Identification of PHF6 as a temozolomide resistance factor in glioblastoma using mirConnX
Conclusion: Altogether, these results demonstrate that mirConnX is a useful tool to investigate miRNA/mRNA interactions in TMZ resistant cells and can be used to identify new potential drug targets. Citation Format: Lotte Hiddingh, Rajiv S. Raktoe, Gertjan J.L. Kaspers, W. Peter Vandertop, David P. Noske, Pieter Wesseling, Thomas Wurdinger. Identification of PHF6 as a temozolomide resistance factor in glioblastoma using mirConnX. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hiddingh, L., Raktoe, R. S., Kaspers, G. J. L., Vandertop, W. P., Noske, D. P., Wesseling, P., Wurdinger, T. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Abstract 3945: Inhibition of MMP2 expression enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy for a murine astrocytoma
This study provides a new treatment option for treating invasive brain tumors. (This study was supported by NHRI-EX103-10132BI and NSC 102-2314-B-007-003-MY3 grants) Citation Format: Ching-Fang Yu, Ying-Chieh Yang, Ji-Hong Hong, Chi-Shiun Chiang. Inhibition of MMP2 expression enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy for a murine astrocytoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3945. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3945
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yu, C.-F., Yang, Y.-C., Hong, J.-H., Chiang, C.-S. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 3954: SAT1 (Spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltrasferase 1) promotes radiation resistance in glioblastoma multiforme
The objective of this study is to explore the role of SAT1 in radioresistance with the purpose of targeting SAT1 as a means to sensitize tumors. The knockdown of SAT1 using, shRNA and siRNA approaches, in multiple cell lines and neurosphere lines results in sensitization of GBM cells to radiation in colony formation assays. This was seen specifically in G2/M and S phases, leading to the hypothesis that SAT1 plays a role in homologous recombination (HR). By measuring HR in the DR-GFP reporter system, we confirmed that SAT1 promotes HR, since depletion of SAT1 results in decrease in HR. To test whether SAT1 depletion sensiti...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Brett-Morris, A., Welford, S. M., Bar, E., Spina, R., Wright, B., Zhang, J., Lu, J., Seo, Y. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research