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Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Total 538 results found since Jan 2013.

TR-04 * NANOPARTICLE siRNA DELIVERY VEHICLES INHIBIT DNA REPAIR AND SENSITIZE PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR CELLS TO RADIATION THERAPY
Source: Neuro-Oncology - April 23, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kievit, F., Stephen, Z., Wang, K., Dayringer, C., Silber, J., Ellenbogen, R., Zhang, M. Tags: TRANSLATIONAL THERAPEUTICS Source Type: research

Nuclear translocation of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) is regulated by Karyopherin-β2 and Ran GTPase in human glioblastoma cells.
Authors: Wang F, Yang L, Shi L, Li Q, Zhang G, Wu J, Zheng J, Jiao B Abstract Human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) belongs to the FGF superfamily and functions as a potential oncoprotein in GBM. FGF2 has low molecular weight (18K) and high molecular weight (HMW) isoforms. Nuclear accumulation of HMW-FGF2 strongly promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation, yet mechanism governing such cellular distribution remains unexplored. We investigated the mechanisms regulating FGF2 cellular localization in T98G human brain gliobla...
Source: Oncotarget - June 12, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

Silencing of Id2 attenuates hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal injury via inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.
This study was aimed to investigate whether knockdown of Id2 in neuronal cells could protect them from hypoxic and ischemic injury both in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis was employed to assess neuronal apoptosis in CoCl2-treated neuroblastoma B35 cells engineered to overexpress or knockdown Id2 expression. In vivo knockdown of Id2 was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intracerebroventricular injection of Cy3-labeled and cholesterol-modified Id2-siRNA. We found that knockdown of Id2 attenuated H/I-induced neuronal apoptosis in vitro while overexpression of Id2 produced an opposite effect. In a rat mo...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - July 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Guo L, Yang X, Lin X, Lin Y, Shen L, Nie Q, Ren L, Guo Q, Que S, Qiu Y Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

miR-25 promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting NEFL.
In this study, we demonstrated that miR-25 was significantly up-regulated in astrocytoma tissues and glioblastoma cell lines. In vitro studies further demonstrated that overexpressed miR-25 was able to promote, while its antisense oligos inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in U251 cells. Moreover, we identified neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL) as a novel target molecule of miR-25. Also of note was the fact that NEFL was down-regulated with increased levels of miR-25 expression in human astrocytoma clinical specimens. In addition, via the mTOR signaling pathway, NEFL-siRNA could significantly attenuate the inhib...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - July 26, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Peng G, Yuan X, Yuan J, Liu Q, Dai M, Shen C, Ma J, Liao Y, Jiang W Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Definition of a serum marker panel for glioblastoma discrimination and identification of Interleukin 1β in the microglial secretome as a novel mediator of endothelial cell survival induced by C-Reactive Protein.
This study, besides defining a serum panel for glioblastoma discrimination, identified IL1β as a potential candidate for developing targeted therapy. PMID: 26232108 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Proteomics - July 28, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nijaguna MB, Schröder C, Patil V, Sd S, Hegde AS, Chandramouli BA, Arivazhagan A, Santosh V, Hoheisel JD, Somasundaram K Tags: J Proteomics Source Type: research

Abstract 519: V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (VSIG1) demonstrates a tumor suppressive function in gastric cancer and non-small cell lung cancer
V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (VSIG1) was recently identified as a novel member of immunoglobulin-like cell-adhesion molecules. In human, VSIG1 has 2 transcript variant forms (variant 1 and variant 2). In normal tissues, VSIG1 was reported to be expressed predominantly in stomach and testis. In cancerous tissues, the expression of VSIG1 was shown to be restricted in a part of gastric, esophageal, and ovarian cancers. However, the role of VSIG1 in cancer progression has not been elucidated.VSIG1 protein expression in human normal tissues obtained at autopsy was detected by western blot analysis. We also analy...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Inoue, Y., Kurabe, N., Matsuura, S., Maeda, M., Kahyo, T., Igarashi, H., Funai, K., Niwa, H., Ogawa, H., Shinmura, K., Konno, H., Suda, T., Sugimura, H. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 1966: Role of Wnt-Beta-Catenin signals in the control of vascular mimicry in TNBC
Background: TNBC or basal-like subtype of breast cancer confers poor clinical outcome mostly due to its inherent aggressive nature and its high frequency of metastasis. Malignancy in TNBC is associatedwith micro-vascular proliferations. Vascular Mimicry (VM) of solid tumor is an endothelium-independent matrix-embedded, blood-perfused non-angiogenic micro-circulatory phenomenon. VM of tumor cells refer to the characteristic plasticity of aggressive cancer cells forming de novo vascular networks which perfuse rapidly growing tumors, transporting fluid from leaky vessels and/or connect with the constitutional endothelial-line...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Leyland-Jones, B., Carlson, J. H., De, P., Dey, N. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 2082: Control and function of the PROX1 transcription factor in malignant glioma
We present experimental evidence showing that PROX1 induces p27. By regulating p27, PROX1 may block the activity of Cdk2/Cyclin E complex, and thus inhibit cell cycle progression. The functional consequences of PROX1 expression on the stemness, migration, and invasion phenotypes of glioma cells remain to be further investigated and preliminary results will be presented.Citation Format: Kaveh M. Goudarzi, Tamador Elsir, Monica Nistér, Mikael S. Lindström. Control and function of the PROX1 transcription factor in malignant glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cance...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Goudarzi, K. M., Elsir, T., Nister, M., Lindstrom, M. S. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 2579: Combination therapy with MEK inhibition is efficacious in intracranial triple negative breast cancer models
In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of BBB-permeable, clinically-available inhibitors of MEK and identified rational co-target pathways in preclinical models of intracranial (IC) TNBC.Methods: In vitro IC50s, synergy, and siRNA screens (700 kinase genes) were conducted in 4 human-derived TNBC lines (SUM149, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-231Br). We evaluated the efficacy of the MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (AZD), the pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120 (BKM), and the PDGFR inhibitor Pazopanib (Pazo) in IC TNBC mouse models. Tumor burden was monitored via bioluminescence, and IC tumors were frozen for gene expression analyses using ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Van Swearingen, A. E. D., Siegel, M. B., Sambade, M. J., Sud, S., Miller, S. M., Silva, G., Bash, R. E., Santos, C. M., Darr, D. B., Golitz, B., Parker, J. S., Miller, C. R., Johnson, G. L., Anders, C. K. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Abstract 3326: Targeting lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) radiosensitizes poor prognosis cancers
Therapies for poor prognosis cancers, such as lung cancer and glioblastoma, are limited due to radio-resistance and tumor recurrence. Development of molecular targeted therapy can serve as a potential method to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy in both glioblastoma and lung cancer. Ionizing radiation (IR) can activate a series of pro-survival pathways which contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer cells. Among these pathways, cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is an integral component which is activated by IR. Following activation, cPLA2 cleaves arachidonic acid to form phosphatidylcholine (PC) and yields lysophos...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Khudanyan, A., Dadey, D., Karvas, R., Kotipatruni, R., Hallahan, D., Thotala, D. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 3338: Pharmacological inhibition of MRK/ZAK kinase for the treatment of medulloblastoma
In conclusion, we have developed a new small molecule inhibitor of MRK/ZAK that radio-sensitizes medulloblastoma cells. We hypothesize that combining radio-therapy with M443 will allow us to lower the radiation dose while maintaining therapeutic efficacy, thereby minimizing radiation-induced side effects.Citation Format: Rosamaria Ruggieri, Daniel Markowitz, Caitlin Powell, Nhan Tran, Magimairajanissai Vanan, Mingzu He, Yousef Al-Abed, Marc Symons. Pharmacological inhibition of MRK/ZAK kinase for the treatment of medulloblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ruggieri, R., Markowitz, D., Powell, C., Tran, N., Vanan, M., He, M., Al-Abed, Y., Symons, M. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 5431: Polysialyltransferase ST8SiaII: A novel target for the treatment of neuroblastoma
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a carbohydrate polymer expressed on the surface of NCAM (neuronal cell adhesion molecule) in many cancer cells where it modulates cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis. PolySia expression is strongly associated with poor clinical prognosis and correlates with aggressive/invasive disease in neuroblastoma and many other tumours principally of neuroendocrine origin [1]. SiRNA knockdown of polysialyltransferase ST8SiaII, the enzyme primarily responsible for polySia synthesis in tumours, has been shown to abolish tumour cell migration [2]. Besides brain regions with ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Elkashef, S. M., Viprey, V., Saeed, R. F., Springett, B. R., Sutherland, M., Loadman, P. M., Patterson, L. H., Shnyder, S. D., Falconer, R. A. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Abstract 5504: Penfluridol suppresses triple negative breast cancer metastasis to brain by inhibiting {alpha}6{beta}4 integrins
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. Breast tumor metastasis to brain is primary cause of deaths. Brain metastasis of triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) is highly resistant to current therapies and is a cause of reduced survival rates in patients. In the current study, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of penfluridol, a first generation antipsychotic drug against three different highly aggressive TNBC cell line. The IC50 of penfluridol was around 6 μM in 4T1, MDA-MB-231 and HCC-1806, breast cancer cells respectively. Our result showed that the expression of in...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ranjan, A., Gupta, P., Srivastava, S. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Up-regulation of PSMB4 is associated with neuronal apoptosis after neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide
Abstract Proteasomes are major intracellular extralysosomal organelle for protein degradation and a central source of antigenic peptides in the endogenous pathway. Proteasome beta-4 subunit (PSMB4) was recently identified as potential cancer driver genes in several tumors. However, information regarding its regulation and possible function in the central nervous system is still limited. The present study was designed to elucidate dynamic changes in PSMB4 expression and distribution in the cerebral cortex in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation rat model. It was found that PSMB4 expression was incre...
Source: Journal of Molecular Histology - August 18, 2015 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research

Reactive oxygen species production has a critical role in hypoxia-induced Stat3 activation and angiogenesis in human glioblastoma
In this study, we explored the possible implication of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hypoxia-driven Stat3 activation in human glioblastoma. We found that hypoxic stress increased ROS production as well as Stat3 activation and that ROS inhibitors (diphenyleneiodonium, rotenone and myxothiazol) and an antioxidant (N-acetyl-l-cysteine) blocked Stat3 activation under hypoxic conditions. To determine a major route of ROS production, we tested whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4) is involved in hypoxia-induced ROS production. Nox4 expression was found to be increased at both mRNA and protein le...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - August 21, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research