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Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Total 538 results found since Jan 2013.

Protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit is overexpressed in glioma and promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion
In conclusion, our findings suggest that PP4C plays an oncogenic role in glioma development and progression and might serve as a prognostic biomarker as well as a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
Source: Tumor Biology - April 8, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Clinacanthus nutans Protects Cortical Neurons Against Hypoxia-Induced Toxicity by Downregulating HDAC1/6
This study further opens a new avenue for the use of herbal medicines to regulate epigenetic control of brain injury.
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - May 9, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Gypenoside Attenuates β Amyloid-Induced Inflammation in N9 Microglial Cells via SOCS1 Signaling.
In this study, we hypothesized that GP attenuates Aβ-induced microglial activation by ameliorating microglial M1/M2 states, and the process may be mediated by suppressor of cell signaling protein 1 (SOCS1). In this study, we found that Aβ exposure increased the levels of microglial M1 markers, including iNOS expression, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 releases, and coadministration of GP reversed the increase of M1 markers and enhanced the levels of M2 markers, including arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression, IL-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial cell-derived neurotrophi...
Source: Neural Plasticity - May 25, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Cai H, Liang Q, Ge G Tags: Neural Plast Source Type: research

Abstract B22: Loss of LncRNA XIST induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer
Brain is one of the major sites of metastasis of breast cancer, and approximately 20% of patients with aggressive breast cancer eventually develop the metastatic disease in the brain. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have recently drawn much attention due to their wide functional variations and potential roles in tumor progression. By performing lncRNA array analysis comparing non-metastatic primary tumors with brain metastatic tumors from breast cancer patients, we identified that lncRNA XIST expression was significantly down-regulated in brain metastatic tumors. The result of Taqman PCR validated the results in tumor sample...
Source: Cancer Research - May 25, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Liu, Y., Xing, F., Wu, K., Sharma, S., Watabe, K. Tags: Genetics and Evolution of Metastatic Tumors Source Type: research

Role of PDGF-D and PDGFR-β in neuroinflammation in experimental ICH mice model.
CONCLUSION: ICH-induced PDGF-D accumulation contributed to post-ICH inflammation via PDGFR activation and enhanced macrophage infiltration. The inhibition of PDGFR had an anti-inflammatory effect. Plasmin is a possible upstream effector of PDGF-D. The targeting of PDGF-D may provide a novel way to decrease brain injury after ICH. PMID: 27302678 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Neurology - June 10, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Yang P, Manaenko A, Xu F, Miao L, Wang G, Hu X, Guo ZN, Hu Q, Hartman RE, Pearce WJ, Obenaus A, Zhang JH, Chen G, Tang J Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

TGFβ‐Responsive HMOX1 Expression is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in GBM
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Targeted proteomic analyses revealed elevated expressions of transmembrane proteins HMOX1 and SLC16A1 on the surface of glioblastoma cancer stem cells (CSCs) relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). In the hypoxic region of the tumor, these proteins were found to be expressed among pseudopalisading glioma cells that also express known stem cell factors. From biological assays that are known to evaluate stemness, HMOX1 expression was found to be associated with stemness that could be regulated through TGFβ and PTEN signaling networks. Additionally, siRNA me...
Source: Stem Cells - June 28, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Dhiman Ghosh, Ilya V. Ulasov, LiPing Chen, Karolina Wallenborg, Parvinder Hothi, Leroy Hood, Charles S. Cobbs Tags: Cancer Stem Cells Source Type: research

TGFβ‐Responsive HMOX1 Expression Is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. Resistance to standard radiation and chemotherapy is thought to involve survival of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, no single marker for identifying GBM CSCs has been able to capture the diversity of CSC populations, justifying the needs for additional CSC markers for better characterization. Employing targeted mass spectrometry, here we present five cell‐surface markers HMOX1, SLC16A1, CADM1, SCAMP3, and CLCC1 which were found to be elevated in CSCs relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). Transcriptomic analyses of REMBR...
Source: Stem Cells - July 3, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Dhiman Ghosh, Ilya V. Ulasov, LiPing Chen, Lualhati E. Harkins, Karolina Wallenborg, Parvinder Hothi, Steven Rostad, Leroy Hood, Charles S. Cobbs Tags: Cancer Stem Cell Source Type: research

Foxo1-mediated inflammatory response after cerebral hemorrhage in rats
In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that Foxo1 is a key regulator of inflammatory injury in rats after ICH. By identifying the molecular mechanisms of Foxo1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling, we provide a novel rationale for therapeutic approaches to managing inflammatory injury after ICH.
Source: Neuroscience Letters - July 16, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

TGF β‐Responsive HMOX1 Expression Is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. Resistance to standard radiation and chemotherapy is thought to involve survival of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, no single marker for identifying GBM CSCs has been able to capture the diversity of CSC populations, justifying the needs for additional CSC markers for better characterization. Employing targeted mass spectrometry, here we present five cell‐surface markers HMOX1, SLC16A1, CADM1, SCAMP3, and CLCC1 which were found to be elevated in CSCs relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). Transcriptomic analyses of REMBR...
Source: Stem Cells - July 3, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Dhiman Ghosh, Ilya V. Ulasov, LiPing Chen, Lualhati E. Harkins, Karolina Wallenborg, Parvinder Hothi, Steven Rostad, Leroy Hood, Charles S. Cobbs Tags: Cancer Stem Cell Source Type: research

Radiosensitization of Medulloblastoma by Inhibition of MRK
Medulloblastoma is a cerebellar tumor and the most common pediatric brain malignancy. Radiotherapy is part of the standard care for this tumor, but its effectiveness is accompanied by significant neurocognitive sequelae due to the deleterious effects of radiation on the developing brain. We have previously shown that the protein kinase MRK/ZAK protects tumor cells from radiation-induced cell death by regulating cell-cycle arrest after ionizing radiation. Here, we show that siRNA-mediated MRK depletion sensitizes medulloblastoma primary cells to radiation. We have, therefore, designed and tested a specific small molecule in...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - August 2, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Markowitz, D., Powell, C., Tran, N. L., Berens, M. E., Ryken, T. C., Vanan, M., Rosen, L., He, M., Sun, S., Symons, M., Al-Abed, Y., Ruggieri, R. Tags: Small Molecule Therapeutics Source Type: research

Upregulation of PLZF is Associated with Neuronal Injury in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation.
In this study, we performed a neuroinflammatory model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lateral ventricle injection in adult rats and detected increased expression of PLZF in the brain cortex. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that PLZF was significantly increased in neurons 3 day after LPS injection, but not in astrocytes and microglia. Moreover, there was a concomitant upregulation of active caspase-3, cyclin D1, and CDK4 in vivo and vitro studies. In addition, the expression of these proteins in cortical primary neurons was inhibited after knocking down PLZF by siRNA. Collectively, all these results suggested that the upreg...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 18, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: He M, Liu Y, Shen J, Duan C, Lu X Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Temozolomide toxicity operates in a xCT/SLC7a11 dependent manner and is fostered by ferroptosis.
Authors: Sehm T, Rauh M, Wiendieck K, Buchfelder M, Eyüpoglu IY, Savaskan NE Abstract The glutamate exchanger xCT (SLC7a11) is causally linked with the malignancy grade of brain tumors and represents a key player in glutamate, cystine and glutathione metabolism. Although blocking xCT is not cytotoxic for brain tumors, xCT inhibition disrupts the neurodegenerative and microenvironment-toxifying activity of gliomas. Here, we report on the use of various xCT inhibitors as single modal drugs and in combination with the autophagy-inducing standard chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (Temodal/Temcad®, TMZ). xCT overexp...
Source: Oncotarget - September 11, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

P06.20 EGFRvIII: a predictive marker for Temozolomide response in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase negative glioblastoma cells and tumor xenografts
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults with an estimated 5-year survival of less 10%. The current standard of care involves maximal tumor resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). Epigenetic silencing of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene predicts response to TMZ therapy, but does not explain all of the heterogeneity in responses observed in the clinic. The establishment of additional molecular biomarkers, is therefore of significant interest.The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of endogenous...
Source: Neuro-Oncology - September 20, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Struve, N., Brend, T., Ott, L., Petersen, C., Rothkamm, K., Short, S. C., Kriegs, M. Tags: P06 Biomarkers Source Type: research

CSIG-24. REGULATION OF Fn14 EXPRESSION BY EGFRvIII-STAT SIGNALING ENHANCES GLIOBLASTOMA CELL INVASION AND SURVIVAL
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Most GBM patients succumb to the disease less than one-year post diagnosis due to the highly invasive nature of the tumor, which prevents complete surgical resection and gives rise to tumor recurrence. The invasive phenotype also confers radio-and chemoresistant properties to the tumor cells; therefore, there is a need to develop new therapeutics that target drivers of GBM invasion. Amplification of EGFR is observed in over 50% of GBM tumors, of which half concurrently overexpress the variant EGFRvIII, and expression of both receptors confers...
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Roos, A., Mayo, Z., Sonnemann, H., Lambert, G., Dhruv, H., Winkles, J., Berens, M., Tran, N., Sabir, M. Tags: CELL SIGNALING AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS Source Type: research

Exth-05. nanoparticle-mediated inhibition of dna repair increases survival in a genetic after radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is an integral component of the treatment for pediatric and adult brain tumors. However, survival is frequently accompanied by one or more radiation-induced adverse sequelae, especially in children. Therefore, strategies that enhance radiotherapy in brain tumors while sparing adjacent normal brain are expected to improve life-long outcomes. We have developed a nanoparticle delivery vehicle that can stably bind, protect, and deliver nucleic acids to brain cancer cells and tumors. We found that nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery reduced expression and activity of the multifunctional DNA repair protein Ape1 spe...
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kievit, F., Wang, K., Ozawa, T., Tarudji, A., Silber, J., Holland, E., Ellenbogen, R., Zhang, M. Tags: EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS - PRECLINICAL STUDIES (NON-IMMUNOLOGICAL) Source Type: research