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Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Total 538 results found since Jan 2013.

PDTB-15. Bcl-XL AS A RADIOSENSITIZER IN THE TREATMENT OF GROUP 3 MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of medulloblastoma patients over the past several decades, the five-year disease-free survival for high-risk patients, characterized by metastatic dissemination at presentation or significant post-operative residual tumor, remains relatively poor (25-40%). Group 3 medulloblastoma has by far the worst prognosis with a 5-year survival probability of approximately 30% regardless of stage. Current therapeutic modalities, in particular ionizing radiation (IR), have significant long-term side-effe...
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ruggieri, M., Kelley, K., Powell, C., Navati, M., Chakraborty, S., Wright, A., Remke, M., Friedman, J., Symons, M. Tags: PEDIATRIC TUMORS - PRECLINICAL STUDIES (NON-IMMUNOLOGICAL) Source Type: research

A Zbtb7a proto ‐oncogene as a novel target for miR‐125a
In our previous study, we showed that miR‐125a directly targeted a WT1 oncogene, which was overexpressed in leukemia and various kinds of solid tumors including lung, breast, gastric, and colon cancers, and brain tumors and was deeply involved in leukemogenesis and tumorigenesis and that miR‐125a knockout mice overexpressed WT1 and developed myeloproliferative disease. It had been also reported that miR‐125a is downregulated in leukemia and various types of solid tumors such as lung cancers, suggesting its tumor suppressor function. Therefore, it is important to elucidate what is target(s) of miR‐125a for understan...
Source: Molecular Carcinogenesis - December 28, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Nozomi Hojo, Naoya Tatsumi, Nahoko Moriguchi, Akihide Matsumura, Soyoko Morimoto, Jun Nakata, Fumihiro Fujiki, Sumiyuki Nishida, Hiroko Nakajima, Akihiro Tsuboi, Yoshihiro Oka, Naoki Hosen, Seiji Hayashi, Haruo Sugiyama, Yusuke Oji Tags: Article Source Type: research

Pharmacological Inhibition of the Protein Kinase MRK/ZAK Radiosensitizes Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma is a cerebellar tumor and the most common pediatric brain malignancy. Radiotherapy is part of the standard care for this tumor, but its effectiveness is accompanied by significant neurocognitive sequelae due to the deleterious effects of radiation on the developing brain. We have previously shown that the protein kinase MRK/ZAK protects tumor cells from radiation-induced cell death by regulating cell-cycle arrest after ionizing radiation. Here, we show that siRNA-mediated MRK depletion sensitizes medulloblastoma primary cells to radiation. We have, therefore, designed and tested a specific small molecule in...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - August 2, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Markowitz, D., Powell, C., Tran, N. L., Berens, M. E., Ryken, T. C., Vanan, M., Rosen, L., He, M., Sun, S., Symons, M., Al-Abed, Y., Ruggieri, R. Tags: Small Molecule Therapeutics Source Type: research

Silencing of PROS1 induces apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion of glioblastoma multiforme cells.
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor and most patients have poor prognosis. Despite many advances in research, there has been no significant improvement in the patient survival rate. New molecular therapies are being studied and RNA interference (RNAi) therapy is one of the promising approaches to improve prognosis and increase survival in patients with GBM. We performed a meta‑analysis of five different microarray datasets and identified 460 significantly upregulated genes in GBM. Loss‑of‑function screening of these upregulated genes using LN18 cells was performed to identif...
Source: International Journal of Oncology - November 2, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Che Mat MF, Abdul Murad NA, Ibrahim K, Mohd Mokhtar N, Wan Ngah WZ, Harun R, Jamal R Tags: Int J Oncol Source Type: research

SMAD dependent signaling plays a detrimental role in a fly model of SMARCB1-deficiency and the biology of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors
AbstractAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) are highly malignant brain tumors arising in young children. The majority of ATRT is characterized by inactivation of the chromatin remodeling complex member SMARCB1 (INI1/hSNF5). Little is known, however, on downstream pathways involved in the detrimental effects of SMARCB1 deficiency which might also represent targets for treatment. UsingDrosophila melanogaster and the Gal4-UAS system, modifier screens were performed in order to identify the role of SMAD dependent signaling in the lethal phenotype associated with knockdown ofsnr1, the fly homolog ofSMARCB1. Expression and ...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - January 19, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Capillarisin augments anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory responses by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
Publication date: Available online 1 February 2017 Source:Neurochemistry International Author(s): Jinhee Kim, Juhee Lim, Bok Yun Kang, Kiwon Jung, Hyun Jin Choi Capillarisin is a naturally isolated chromone, which is one of the major bioactive constituents of Artemisia capillaries. Capillarisin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor potential, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is activated by capillarisin in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and microglial BV2 cells. Capillarisin...
Source: Neurochemistry International - January 31, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Nanomedicines for the Treatment of CNS Diseases
AbstractTargeting and delivering macromolecular therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS) has been a major challenge. The blood –brain barrier (BBB) is the main obstacle that must be overcome to allow compounds to reach their targets in the brain. Therefore, much effort has been channelled into improving transport of therapeutics across the BBB and into the CNS including the use of nanoparticles. In this thematic issue, se veral reviews and original research are presented that address “Nanomedicines for CNS Diseases.” The articles in this issue are concentrated on either CNS-HIV disease or CNS tumors. In regar...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 31, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Protein kinase CK2 is important for the function of glioblastoma brain tumor initiating cells
In this study, the role of CK2 signaling in BTIC function was examined. We found that expression of CK2α was increased in CD133+ BTICs compared to CD133− cells within the same GBM xenolines. Treatment with CX-4945, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of CK2, led to reduced expression of Sox2 and Nestin, transcription factors important for the maintenance of stem cells. Similarly, inhibition of CK2 also reduced the frequency of CD133+ BTICs over the course of 7 days, indicating a role for CK2 in BTIC persistence and survival. Importantly, using an in vitro limiting dilution assay, we found that inhibition of CK2 kinase activity...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - February 7, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

The isoprenoid derivative N6 ‐benzyladenosine (CM223) exerts antitumor effect in glioma patient‐derived primary cells through the mevalonate pathway.
Conclusion and ImplicationsThis biological effect together with structural data on interaction of CM223 with FPPS, gain additional evidence on the correlation of the i6A/CM223 antitumoral activity with FPPS modulation. Because the MVA pathway is becoming an important promising target, CM223 and derivatives should be considered interesting active molecules in antiglioma pharmacological research.
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - April 18, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Elena Ciaglia, Manuela Grimaldi, Mario Abate, Mario Scrima, Manuela Rodriquez, Chiara Laezza, Roberta Ranieri, Simona Pisanti, Pierangela Ciuffreda, Clementina Manera, Patrizia Gazzerro, Anna Maria D'Ursi, Maurizio Bifulco Tags: RESEARCH PAPER Source Type: research

Modulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 by the pro-invasive miR-5096 in glioblastoma cells.
Authors: Thuringer D, Chanteloup G, Boucher J, Pernet N, Boudesco C, Jego G, Chatelier A, Bois P, Gobbo J, Cronier L, Solary E, Garrido C Abstract Inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir), and especially the barium-sensitive Kir4.1 encoded by KCNJ10, are key regulators of glial functions. A lower expression or mislocation of Kir4.1 is detected in human brain tumors. MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of ionic channels and associated neurologic disorders. Here, we analyze effects of miR-5096 on the Kir4.1 expression and function in two glioblastoma cell lines, U87 and U251. Using whole-cell patch-clamp and ...
Source: Oncotarget - April 27, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

Gpx 4 is involved in the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of glioma cells
In this report, we defined Gpx4 as a therapeutic target for glioma. Western blot and immunohistochemistry(IHC) analysis revealed that the protein level of Gpx4 was higher in glioma tissues and cell lines. In addition, IHC stain revealed that there was statistical significance between the expression of Gpx4 and the WHO grade (P=0.004) and Ki-67(P=0.000) expression. Kaplan–Meier curve showed that high expression of Gpx4 was associated with poor prognosis of glioma patients (P <0.01). To determine whether Gpx4 could regulate the proliferation and migration of glioma cells, we transfected glioma cells with Gpx4-siRNA ...
Source: Pathology Research and Practice - May 5, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Tenuigenin inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in microglia via activating the Nrf2-mediated HO-1 signaling pathway.
In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that TGN inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in microglia via activating the Nrf2-mediated HO-1 signaling pathway. PMID: 28478071 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - May 3, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wang X, Li M, Cao Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhou X, Li Q, Wang L Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Nucleic acids-based nanotherapeutics crossing the blood brain barrier.
Abstract The restless endeavors revealing the molecular pathways underlying many neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors have paved the way for the introduction of the selective exogenous gene-based therapeutics. The implicated active biomolecules encompass mainly negatively-charged nucleic acids ranging from DNA, mRNA, non-coding RNAs (small-interfering RNA, siRNA, and microRNA, miRNA), to antisense oligonucleotides. They selectively interfere with the genes translational and/or transcriptional processes. Although many reviews previously addressed brain targeting, a thorough correlation between the molecular ...
Source: Current Gene Therapy - May 10, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Nafee N, Gouda N Tags: Curr Gene Ther Source Type: research

The purine receptor P2X7R regulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human craniopharyngioma
In conclusion, the results suggest that P2X7R may promote IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 production and secretion and contribute to the invasion and adhesion of CPs to the surrounding tissue.
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 15, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nie, J., Huang, G.-l., Deng, S.-Z., Bao, Y., Liu, Y.-W., Feng, Z.-P., Wang, C.-H., Chen, M., Qi, S.-T., Pan, J. Tags: Research Source Type: research

TRAF6 participates in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats through inhibiting autophagy and promoting oxidative stress
This study was designed to explore changes of expression level and potential roles and mechanisms of TRAF6 in early brain injury (EBI) after SAH by using a Sprague–Dawley rat model of SAH induced in 0.3 ml non‐heparinized autologous arterial blood injected into the prechiasmatic cistern. First, compared with the sham group, we found that the expression levels of TRAF6 increased gradually and peaked at 24 h after SAH. Second, the results showed that application of TRAF6 overexpression plasmid and genetic silencing siRNA could increase or decrease expression of TRAF6, respectively, and severely exacerbate or relieve EBI ...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - May 24, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Yang Dou, Haitao Shen, Dongxia Feng, Haiying Li, Xiaodi Tian, Jian Zhang, Zhong Wang, Gang Chen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research