Advances in COPD imaging using CT and MRI: linkage with lung physiology and clinical outcomes
Recent years have witnessed major advances in lung imaging in patients with COPD. These include significant refinements in images obtained by computed tomography (CT) scans together with the introduction of new techniques and software that aim for obtaining the best image whilst using the lowest possible radiation dose. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has also emerged as a useful radiation-free tool in assessing structural and more importantly functional derangements in patients with well-established COPD and smokers without COPD, even before the existence of overt changes in resting physiological lung function tests. Tog...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - May 2, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Elbehairy, A. F., Marshall, H., Naish, J. H., Wild, J. M., Parraga, G., Horsley, A., Vestbo, J. Tags: Asthma and allergy State of the Art Source Type: research
Neutrophil-activating secretome characterizes palbociclib-induced senescence of breast cancer cells
In this study, we investigate the induction of cellular senescence in breast cancer cells and the subsequent immunomodulatory effects on neutrophils using the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, which is approved for the treatment of breast cancer and is under intense investigation for additional malignancies. Our research demonstrates that palbociclib induces a reversible form of senescence endowed with an inflammatory secretome capable of recruiting and activating neutrophils, in part through the action of interleukin-8 and acute-phase serum amyloid A1. The activation of neutrophils is accompanied by the release of neutrophil ...
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - May 2, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Expression patterns of novel immunotherapy targets in intermediate- and high-grade lung neuroendocrine neoplasms
ConclusionsLNEN subtypes have characteristic and widely divergent VISTA, OX40L, GITR, and TIM3 protein expressions. By shedding light on the different expression patterns of these immunotherapy targets, the current multicenter study provides support for the future implementation of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. (Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy)
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - May 2, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Extracellular matrix stiffness and tumor-associated macrophage polarization: new fields affecting immune exclusion
AbstractIn the malignant progression of tumors, there is deposition and cross-linking of collagen, as well as an increase in hyaluronic acid content, which can lead to an increase in extracellular matrix stiffness. Recent research evidence have shown that the extracellular matrix plays an important role in angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration, immunosuppression, apoptosis, metabolism, and resistance to chemotherapeutic by the alterations toward both secretion and degradation. The clinical importance of tumor-associated macrophage is increasingly recognized, and macrophage polarization plays a central role in a serie...
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - May 2, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
New genetic insights into immunotherapy outcomes in gastric cancer via single-cell RNA sequencing and random forest model
ConclusionThe random forest model, based on scRNA-seq, shows high predictive value for survival and immunotherapy sensitivity in gastric cancer patients. This study underscores the potential of METTL1 as a biomarker in enhancing the efficacy of gastric cancer immunotherapy. (Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy)
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - May 2, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Penicillin Allergy Testing and Delabeling for Patients Who Are Prescribed Penicillin: A Systematic Review for a World Health Organization Guideline
AbstractSecondary prevention with penicillin aims to prevent further episodes of acute rheumatic fever and subsequent development of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Penicillin allergy, self-reported by 10% of the population, can affect secondary prevention programs. We aimed to assess the role for (i) routine penicillin allergy testing and the (ii) safety of penicillin allergy delabeling approaches in this context. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP, ISRCTN, and CPCI-S to identify the relevant reports. We found 2419 records, but no studies addressed our initial question. Following advice fro...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - May 2, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
TXA2 attenuates allergic lung inflammation through regulation of Th2, Th9, and Treg differentiation
In lung, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) activates the TP receptor to induce proinflammatory and bronchoconstrictor effects. Thus, TP receptor antagonists and TXA2 synthase inhibitors have been tested as potential asthma therapeutics in humans. Th9 cells play key roles in asthma and regulate the lung immune response to allergens. Herein, we found that TXA2 reduces Th9 cell differentiation during allergic lung inflammation. Th9 cells were decreased approximately 2-fold and airway hyperresponsiveness was attenuated in lungs of allergic mice treated with TXA2. Naive CD4+ T cell differentiation to Th9 cells and IL-9 production were inhi...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - May 1, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Hong Li, J. Alyce Bradbury, Matthew L. Edin, Artiom Gruzdev, Huiling Li, Joan P. Graves, Laura M. DeGraff, Fred B. Lih, Chiguang Feng, Erin R. Wolf, Carl D. Bortner, Stephanie J. London, Matthew A. Sparks, Thomas M. Coffman, Darryl C. Zeldin Source Type: research
The new drugs preventing allergic reactions to peanuts and other foods
Incredible results from trials of several new medications show they can prevent potentially deadly reactions to foods like peanuts, eggs and dairy - and may one day treat asthma (Source: New Scientist - Health)
Source: New Scientist - Health - May 1, 2024 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: research
Progressing Basic Immunology for Development of New Therapeutic Medicines
Yakugaku Zasshi. 2024;144(5):473-474. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00154-F.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38692919 | DOI:10.1248/yakushi.23-00154-F (Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan)
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - May 1, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura Keigo Nishida Source Type: research
Navigating the challenges: a case report on managing a complicated postpartum course in type 3 von Willebrand disease with alloantibodies
CONCLUSION: The current case emphasizes the postpartum clinical challenges of patients with type 3 VWD and alloantibodies. It underscores the potential role of emicizumab in maintaining hemostatic control.PMID:38689620 | PMC:PMC11058073 | DOI:10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102399 (Source: Thrombosis and Haemostasis)
Source: Thrombosis and Haemostasis - May 1, 2024 Category: Hematology Authors: Konrad van der Zwet Karin P M van Galen Annemiek C C Evers Kathelijn Fischer Roger E G Schutgens Lize F D van Vulpen Source Type: research
Mast Cell-Neutrophil Communication Regulates Allergic Diseases
Yakugaku Zasshi. 2024;144(5):483-488. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00154-2.ABSTRACTAllergic diseases (e.g., food allergies) are a growing problem, with increasing numbers of individuals experiencing them worldwide. Congruently, the adverse reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) associated with the administration of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have become a familiar problem. Allergic diseases, which have a wide variety of symptoms, are difficult to prevent or cure; treatment is currently limited to therapeutic drugs or allergen immunotherapy. Therefore, elucidating new allergi...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - May 1, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ryo Suzuki Source Type: research
Understanding New Regulatory Mechanism of TCR Signal Transduction
Yakugaku Zasshi. 2024;144(5):497-501. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00154-4.ABSTRACTSignal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is a unique scaffold protein that regulates several immunological signaling pathways, including LIF/LIF receptor and LPS/TLR4 signals. STAP-2 is required for Fas/FasL-dependent T cell apoptosis and SDF-1α-induced T cell migration. Conversely, STAP-2 modulates integrin-mediated T cell adhesion, suggesting that STAP-2 is essential for several negative and positive T cell functions. However, whether STAP-2 is involved in T cell-antigen receptor (TCR)-mediated T cell activation is unknown. STAP-2 deficie...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - May 1, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura Tadashi Matsuda Source Type: research
Positive anti-nuclear antibody in patients with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia suggests the presence of multiple distinct comorbidities
Conclusion These results establish a previously underappreciated unique immunological state of multimorbidity in PHGG and indicate that the gamma-globulin levels and ANAs could serve as markers for the clinical assessment of comorbidities in PHGG.PMID:38692914 | DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.3594-24 (Source: Internal Medicine)
Source: Internal Medicine - May 1, 2024 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Yasutaka Masuda Ken Morita Mineo Kurokawa Source Type: research
Elevated type I IFN signalling directly affects CD8 < sup > + < /sup > T-cell distribution and autoantigen recognition of the skeletal muscles in active JDM patients
This study aimed to understand the effect of elevated type I IFN signaling on CD8+ T cell-associated muscle damage in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). This study used flow cytometry (FC) and RT‒PCR were used to examine the circulating cell ratio and type I IFN response. And scRNA-seq was used to examine peripheral immunity in 6 active JDM patients, 3 stable JDM patients, 3 juvenile IMNM patients and 3 age-matched healthy children. In vivo validation experiments were conducted using a mouse model induced by STING agonists and an experimental autoimmune myositis model (EAM). In vitro experiments were conducted using isolate...
Source: Journal of Autoimmunity - May 1, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Baozhen Huang Huiyu Li Qian Jiang Yucong Li Zhaowei Jiang Huijuan Cao Shaoxi Wang Xinluan Wang Jianguo Li Gang Li Source Type: research
Circulating immune profile in granulomatosis with polyangiitis reveals distinct patterns related to disease activity
In this study, we examined circulating immune profiles in GPA patients during active and remission disease states to identify potential immune patterns associated with disease activity. The distribution and phenotypic characteristics of major circulating immune cells, and the profiles of circulating cytokines/chemokines, were studied on cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from GPA patients (active, n = 20; remission, n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20) leveraging a 40-color optimized multicolor immunofluorescence panel (OMIP-69) and in serum using a 46-plex Luminex multiplex assay, respectively. Deep phenoty...
Source: Journal of Autoimmunity - May 1, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: C G Bonasia N Inrueangsri T Bijma K P Mennega R Wilbrink S Arends W H Abdulahad N A Bos A Rutgers P Heeringa Source Type: research
