Systematic pulmonary embolism follow-up: why we should all do it!
Extract For many years now, the pulmonary hypertension community has been trying to narrow down on the true incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following pulmonary embolism. The study by Durrington et al. [1] in this issue of the European Respiratory Journal undoubtedly gets us closer, suggesting a cumulative incidence of 2.1%; however, with 41% of the entire post-pulmonary embolism cohort missing, we are still a way off truly knowing this figure. (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 14, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Howard, L. S., Price, L. C. Tags: Editorials Source Type: research

Reply to: Insights on the ERS/ESTS statement on the management of pleural infection in adults
Extract We thank Y. Li and co-workers for their interest in the European Respiratory Society/European Society of Thoracic Surgeons statement on the management of pleural infection, recently published in the European Respiratory Journal [1]. Our interpretation of their correspondence is that they have misunderstood "IPC" to denote a standard chest drain or tube used, with a well-established evidence base, in the acute management of pleural infection [2]. This is also sometimes referred to as an intercostal catheter or an intercostal drain. In the statement, IPC refers specifically to "indwelling pleural catheter", and the a...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 14, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bedawi, E. O., Rahman, N. M. Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Insights on the ERS/ESTS statement on the management of pleural infection in adults
Extract We read with great interest the article by Bedawi et al. [1], recently published in the prestigious European Respiratory Journal, on the management of pleural infection in adults. We highly commend this work and here we wish to focus on the management of pleural infection with indwelling pleural catheters (IPC). The statement suggested that recurrent or chronic pleural infection created difficult management issues, especially in those with trapped lung and where there was no surgical option [1]. However, we reviewed previous publications and wish to bring forth some different insights on the management of pleural i...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 14, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Li, Y., Zeng, H., Tian, P., Li, W. Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Haemodynamic phenotypes of pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease: a moving target
(Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 14, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Gerges, C., Montani, D., Humbert, M., Lang, I. M. Tags: RESEARCH LETTER Source Type: research

Core outcome measurement set for research and clinical practice in post-COVID-19 condition (long COVID) in children and young people: an international Delphi consensus study "PC-COS Children"
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic substantially impacted different age groups, with children and young people not exempted. Many have experienced enduring health consequences. Presently, there is no consensus on the health outcomes to assess in children and young people with post-COVID-19 condition. Furthermore, it is unclear which measurement instruments are appropriate for use in research and clinical management of children and young people with post-COVID-19. To address these unmet needs, we conducted a consensus study, aiming to develop a core outcome set (COS) and an associated core outcome measurement ...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 14, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Seylanova, N., Chernyavskaya, A., Degtyareva, N., Mursalova, A., Ajam, A., Xiao, L., Aktulaeva, K., Roshchin, P., Bobkova, P., Aiyegbusi, O. L., Anbu, A. T., Apfelbacher, C., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, L., Brackel, C., Buonsenso, D., de Groot Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Original Articles: Long COVID series Source Type: research

Systematic pulmonary embolism follow-up increases diagnostic rates of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and identifies less severe disease: results from the ASPIRE Registry
Extract Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a condition in which thrombus, usually embolised from the veins of the pelvis or lower limbs, obstructs the pulmonary arterial vascular bed. The incidence of PE is estimated at 60–70 per 100 000 per year [1] with a 1-year mortality of 15% [2, 3]. In survivors, patency of the pulmonary vasculature is restored, in most patients, within the first few months [4]. However, pulmonary emboli may not resolve and patients may also develop a chronic obstructing microvasculopathy [5, 6]. (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 14, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Durrington, C., Hurdman, J. A., Elliot, C. A., Maclean, R., Van Veen, J., Saccullo, G., De-Foneska, D., Swift, A. J., Smitha, R., Hill, C., Thomas, S., Dwivedi, K., Alabed, S., Wild, J. M., Charalampopoulos, A., Hameed, A., Rothman, A. M. K., Watson, L., Tags: Pulmonary vascular disease Original Articles: Pulmonary vascular disease Source Type: research

Socioeconomic disparities in European cystic fibrosis outcomes: time to close the gap
Extract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive genetic conditions that causes progressive lung disease and premature death [1]. Median survival worldwide is estimated to be around 50 years, but there is variation between countries [2–4]. Reasons for this variation are complex, and include genetic factors such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genetic mutations in the population [5], as well as non-genetic factors such as access to lung transplantation and socioeconomic status (SES) [4]. (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: McKone, E. F. Tags: Editorials Source Type: research

Some future directions for genome-wide association studies of preserved ratio impaired spirometry
Extract We read with interest the paper by Higbee et al. [1] that was recently published in the European Respiratory Journal. They discovered 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) through a two-stage sample population, four of which were associated with lung function, highlighting the usefulness of performing genome-wide association study (GWAS) of different lung function traits and phenotypes to maximise discovery of heritable genetic variants of lung function and disease, and that genetic risk factors for PRISm overlap with those for other lung diseases and ...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jin, Z., Wang, G. Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Omics-based profiles and biomarkers of respiratory infections: are we there yet?
Extract From the influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 to the most recent COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory infections remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide [1, 2]. Concurrently, the development of high-throughput omics technologies has revolutionised research about host responses to known and emerging respiratory pathogens [3], accelerating our understanding of highly prevalent pulmonary diseases [4]. Notably, omics technology-based characterisation of pathogens and host pathophysiology have critically supported diagnostic and therapeutic global health efforts during both the influenza A H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Pantaleon Garcia, J., Evans, S. E. Tags: Editorials Source Type: research

High altitude travelling with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Extract Altitude exposure is generally considered to be contraindicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), out of concern that (hypobaric) hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) might further increase pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and worsen right heart failure [1]. This notion is mentioned in the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Respiratory Society (ERS), who provide a recommendation against the travel to altitude of >1500 m without supplemental oxygen [2, 3]. (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Naeije, R. Tags: Editorials Source Type: research

Endotypic traits of supine position and supine-predominant obstructive sleep apnoea in Asian patients
Conclusions Supine-predominant OSA is the prevalent phenotype of OSA in Asian patients. Inadequate upper airway compensation appears to be a crucial underlying pathology in patients with supine-predominant OSA. (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Cheng, W.-J., Finnsson, E., Agustsson, J. S., Sands, S. A., Hang, L.-W. Tags: Sleep medicine Original Articles: Sleep and ventilation Source Type: research

Neutrophil elastase-dependent cleavage of LTA4H alters its aminopeptidase activity in cystic fibrosis
Extract The enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is classically known for its epoxide hydrolase activity that converts leukotriene A4 (LTA4) to the neutrophil chemoattractant LTB4 [1]. In 2010, our group published a study in Science that demonstrated that during an influenza model of acute airway inflammation, LTA4H was released from cells to degrade proline-glycine-proline (PGP), a non-canonical CXCR1 and -2 agonist of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment and activation [2], thereby attenuating PMN inflammation [3]. (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Xu, X., Li, J.-d., Green, T. J., Wilson, L., Genschmer, K., Russell, D., Blalock, J. E., Gaggar, A. Tags: Research Letters Source Type: research

Cystic fibrosis in Europe: improved lung function and longevity - reasons for cautious optimism, but challenges remain
Conclusion This pan-European analysis demonstrates a consistent improvement in FEV1 % pred, number of adult pwCF and survival over the last decade only in European higher and middle income countries. Urgent action is needed in the lower income countries where such improvement was not observed. The notable improvement observed in pwCF carrying the F508del mutation emphasises the need to develop treatments for all CF mutations. (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kerem, E., Orenti, A., Adamoli, A., Hatziagorou, E., Naehrlich, L., Sermet-Gaudelus, I., and the ECFS Patient Registry Steering Group Tags: CF and non-CF bronchiectasis Original Articles: Cystic fibrosis Source Type: research

The effect of high altitude (2500 m) on incremental cycling exercise in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a randomised controlled crossover trial
Conclusions Among predominantly low-risk patients with stable PAH/CTEPH, cycling exercise during the first day at 2500 m was well tolerated, but peak exercise capacity, blood oxygenation and ventilatory efficiency were lower compared with 470 m. (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Müller, J., Titz, A., Schneider, S. R., Bauer, M., Mayer, L., Lüönd, L., Ulrich, T., Furian, M., Forrer, A., Schwarz, E. I., Bloch, K. E., Lichtblau, M., Ulrich, S. Tags: Pulmonary vascular disease Original Articles: Pulmonary vascular disease Source Type: research

Extensive acute and sustained changes to neutrophil proteomes post-SARS-CoV-2 infection
Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 infection results in the sustained presence of circulating neutrophils with distinct proteomes suggesting altered metabolic and immunosuppressive profiles and altered capacities to respond to migratory signals and cues from other immune cells, pathogens or cytokines. (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Long, M. B., Howden, A. J. M., Keir, H. R., Rollings, C. M., Giam, Y. H., Pembridge, T., Delgado, L., Abo-Leyah, H., Lloyd, A. F., Sollberger, G., Hull, R., Gilmour, A., Hughes, C., New, B. J. M., Cassidy, D., Shoemark, A., Richardson, H., Lamond, A. I., Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Original Articles: COVID-19 Source Type: research