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Specialty: Reproduction Medicine

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Total 316 results found since Jan 2013.

H1foo is essential for in vitro meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes.
Abstract Summary Oocyte-specific linker histone, H1foo, is localized on the oocyte chromosomes during the process of meiotic maturation, and is essential for mouse oocyte maturation. Bovine H1foo has been identified, and its expression profile throughout oocyte maturation and early embryo development has been established. However, it has not been confirmed if H1foo is indispensable during bovine oocyte maturation. Effective siRNAs against H1foo were screened in HeLa cells, and then siRNA was microinjected into bovine oocytes to down-regulate H1foo expression. H1foo overexpression was achieved via mRNA injection. R...
Source: Zygote - March 11, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Yun Y, An P, Ning J, Zhao GM, Yang WL, Lei AM Tags: Zygote Source Type: research

The role of the osteopontin-integrin {alpha}v{beta}3 interaction at implantation: functional analysis using three different in vitro models
STUDY QUESTION Does the interaction between integrin and its ligand osteopontin (OPN) mediate embryonic attachment to endometrial epithelium at implantation? SUMMARY ANSWER OPN of epithelial origin binds the receptor integrin αvβ3 at the maternal surface to support adhesion during the early stages of implantation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Integrin αvβ3 and OPN are both present in the endometrial luminal epithelium in the mid-secretory phase. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Microscopy of attachment sites of blastocysts (mouse, n = 151, human, n = 8) and OPN- or BSA-coated beads (n = 488) interacting with ...
Source: Human Reproduction - March 11, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Kang, Y.-J., Forbes, K., Carver, J., Aplin, J. D. Tags: Reproductive biology Source Type: research

MicroRNA Let-7a and dicer are important in the activation and implantation of delayed implanting mouse embryos
STUDY QUESTION Does Let-7a have a functional role in modulating dicer expression to activate dormant mouse blastocysts for implantation? SUMMARY ANSWER Let-7a post-transcriptionally regulates dicer expression altering microRNA expression to affect the implantation competency of the activated blastocysts. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The Let-7a microRNA is up-regulated during blastocyst dormancy and its forced-expression suppresses embryo implantation in vitro and in vivo. Dicer is a Let-7 target, which processes pre-microRNA to mature microRNA. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The effects on the expression of Let-7a and dicer in d...
Source: Human Reproduction - March 11, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Cheong, A. W. Y., Pang, R. T. K., Liu, W.-M., Kottawatta, K. S. A., Lee, K.-F., Yeung, W. S. B. Tags: Reproductive biology Source Type: research

The role of SRC-1 and SRC-2 in steroid-induced SDF-1 expression in normal and ectopic endometrium.
Conclusion: SRC-1 plays a necessary role in E2-induced SDF-1 expression and SRC-2 is required for P4 to inhibit the E2-induced SDF-1 production in normal and ectopic endometrium. PMID: 24586072 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Reproduction - February 28, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Shi X, Xu W, Dai HH, Sun Y, Wang X Tags: Reproduction Source Type: research

Leptin-Promoted Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Invasion Is MMP14 Dependent and Requires the Crosstalk Between Notch1 and PI3K/Akt Signaling.
Abstract The over-expression of leptin is a crucial feature for the maintenance of pregnancy. The effects of leptin on trophoblasts invasion are important to its reproductive function, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. MMP14 is a member of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family that is closely involved in the invasion process. Here, we characterized the importance of MMP14 in the pro-invasion effect of leptin on EVT cells and elucidated its molecular mechanisms. Transwell assay revealed that leptin promoted invasion of the immortalized EVT cell line HTR-8/SVneo in a dose- and time-related fash...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - February 26, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wang H, Cheng H, Shao Q, Dong Z, Xie Q, Zhao L, Wang Q, Kong B, Qu X Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

RhoGDI2 Is Expressed in Human Trophoblasts and Involved in Their Migration by Inhibiting the Activation of RAC1.
In conclusion, RhoGDI2 inhibits trophoblast cell migration, and this function may involve suppression of RAC1 activation. PMID: 24554735 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biology of Reproduction - February 19, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Liu S, Cui H, Li Q, Zhang L, Na Q, Liu C Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Functional Role of the Bovine Oocyte-Specific Protein JY-1 in Meiotic Maturation, Cumulus Expansion, and Subsequent Embryonic Development.
In conclusion, these results support an important functional role for oocyte-derived JY-1 protein during meiotic maturation in promoting progression to metaphase II, cumulus expansion and subsequent embryonic development. PMID: 24501174 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biology of Reproduction - February 5, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lee KB, Wee G, Zhang K, Folger JK, Knott JG, Smith GW Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Extravillous trophoblast cell invasion is promoted by the CD44–hyaluronic acid interaction
Conclusions: The discovery of a CD44-HA interaction between EVT cells and the extracellular matrix contributes to our understanding of the mechanism underlying invasion by EVT cells.
Source: Placenta - January 17, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: H. Takahashi, T. Takizawa, S. Matsubara, A. Ohkuchi, T. Kuwata, R. Usui, H. Matsumoto, Y. Sato, H. Fujiwara, A. Okamoto, M. Suzuki, T. Takizawa Tags: Invasion Source Type: research

Functional Characterization of SOX2 in Bovine Preimplantation Embryos.
This study aimed to identify genes upregulated in the inner cell mass (ICM) of bovine blastocysts, and we selected SOX2 for further characterization. Spatial and temporal localization of the SOX2 protein revealed that its expression starts at the 16-cell stage and then becomes restricted to the ICMs of blastocysts. To study the role of SOX2 during the early development of bovine embryos, we designed siRNA to target SOX2. We began by injecting this siRNA into zygotes; the rate at which blastocysts developed declined, compared to non-injected or scramble-injected controls. When only one blastomere of a two-cell embryo was in...
Source: Reproductive Biology - January 3, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Goissis MD, Cibelli JB Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Modulation of Cell Cycle Progression in the Spermatocyte Cell Line GC-2spd(ts) Cell-Line by Cigarette Smoke Condensate (CSC) via Arylhydrocarbon Receptor-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Ahr-Nrf2 Pathway.
In this study, we show that exposure of the spermatocyte cell line [GC-2spd(ts)] to CSC induces an increase in Cyp1a1, demonstrating AHR activation, and simultaneous expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), where it is believed to modulate Ahr expression by feedback mechanism. Pharmacological inhibition by AHR-antagonist (CH223191), and Ahr- and Nrf2-siRNA interference followed by q-RTPCR implicate the Ahr-Nrf2 pathway in the modulation of DNA damage and growth suppression genes such as Gadd45a and P21 and oxidative stress-related genes Cyp1a1, Nrf2, and Ahrr. Flow cytomet...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - November 20, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Esakky P, Hansen DA, Drury AM, Moley KH Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Identification of CD147 (basigin) as a mediator of trophoblast functions
STUDY QUESTION Does CD147 regulate trophoblast functions in vitro? SUMMARY ANSWER CD147 exists as a receptor complex on human trophoblast and regulates the implantation, invasion and differentiation of trophoblast. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY CD147 is a membrane protein implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions due to its regulation of cell–cell recognition, cell differentiation and tissue remodeling. Reduced placental CD147 expression is associated with pre-eclampsia, but the mechanism of actions remains unclear. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A loss of function approach or functional blocking ...
Source: Human Reproduction - October 11, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lee, C.-L., Lam, M. P. Y., Lam, K. K. W., Leung, C. O. N., Pang, R. T. K., Chu, I. K., Wan, T. H. L., Chai, J., Yeung, W. S. B., Chiu, P. C. N. Tags: Early pregnancy Source Type: research

Granulosa Cells from Emerged Antral Follicles of the Bovine Ovary Initiate Inflammation in Response to Bacterial Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns via Toll-Like Receptor Pathways.
In conclusion, bovine granulosa cells from emerged follicles sense bacterial PAMPs and initiate inflammatory responses via TLR2 and TLR4 pathways. PMID: 24089202 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Reproductive Biology - October 2, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Price JC, Sheldon IM Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Small RNA regulation of reproductive function
Abstract Post‐transcriptional gene regulation is one mechanism that occurs ‘above the genome’, allowing the cells of an organism to have dramatically different phenotypes and functions. Non‐coding ribonucleic acid (ncRNA) molecules regulate transcript and protein abundance above the level of transcription, and appear to play substantial roles in regulation of reproductive tissues. Three primary classes of small ncRNA are microRNA (miRNA), endogenous small interfering RNA (endo‐siRNA), and PIWI‐interacting RNA (piRNA). These RNA classes have similarities and clear distinctions between their biogenesis and in the...
Source: Molecular Reproduction and Development - October 1, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Benjamin J. Hale, Cai‐Xia Yang, Jason W. Ross Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Oncostatin M stimulates cell migration and proliferation by down-regulating E-cadherin in HTR8/SVneo cell line through STAT3 activation.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that OSM stimulates the migration and proliferation of EVTs during the first trimester of pregnancy through the down-regulation of E-cadherin. In addition, this study suggests that the effects of OSM on migration and proliferation are related to STAT3 activation, which is important in trophoblast invasiveness. PMID: 24060241 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Reproductive Biology - September 24, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Ko HS, Choi SK, Kang HK, Kim HS, Jeon JH, Park IY, Shin JC Tags: Reprod Biol Endocrinol Source Type: research

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)－S1P receptor signaling regulates EVT cell invasion
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is known as a sphingolipid involved in a cell invasion and proliferation in the several tissues. S1P has been reported to play a role in the labor onset through the COX-2 induction. However, S1P-S1PR functions during the pregnancy remains largely unknown. We aimed to study the role of S1P and it receptors in the extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT). S1P receptor (S1PR) 1-5 and sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) expressed in the EVT cell lines which were HTR8/SVneo, Hch-Epc and Swan71. ATP-binding cassette ABCC1 which involved in the release of S1P, expressed in these EVT cell lines. These result ind...
Source: Placenta - September 18, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Rika Miki, Tomoni Kotani, Seiji Sumigama, Hiroyuki Tsuda, Yukio Mano, Fumitaka Kikkawa Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research