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Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Total 538 results found since Jan 2013.

Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 542: CITK Loss Inhibits Growth of Group 3 and Group 4 Medulloblastoma Cells and Sensitizes Them to DNA-Damaging Agents
llis Di C.o Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, and it is classified into four biological subgroups: WNT, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Group 3 and Group 4. The current treatment is surgery, followed by irradiation and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, these therapies are only partially effective. Citron kinase protein (CITK) has been proposed as a promising target for SHH MB, whose inactivation leads to DNA damage and apoptosis. D283 and D341 cell lines (Group 3/Group 4 MB) were silenced with established siRNA sequences against CITK, to assess the direct effects of its loss. Next, D283, D...
Source: Cancers - February 25, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Pallavicini Iegiani Berto Calamia Trevisiol Veltri Allis Di Cunto Tags: Article Source Type: research

Exclusive neuronal detection of KGDHC-specific subunits in the adult human brain cortex despite pancellular protein lysine succinylation.
Abstract The ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) consists of three different subunits encoded by OGDH (or OGDHL), DLST, and DLD, combined in different stoichiometries. DLD subunit is shared between KGDHC and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, and the glycine cleavage system. Despite KGDHC's implication in neurodegenerative diseases, cell-specific localization of its subunits in the adult human brain has never been investigated. Here, we show that immunoreactivity of all known isoforms of OGDHL, OGDH, and DLST was detected exclusively in neurons of surgical...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - January 24, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dobolyi A, Bago A, Palkovits M, Nemeria NS, Jordan F, Doczi J, Ambrus A, Adam-Vizi V, Chinopoulos C Tags: Brain Struct Funct Source Type: research

Exclusive neuronal detection of KGDHC-specific subunits in the adult human brain cortex despite pancellular protein lysine succinylation
AbstractThe ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) consists of three different subunits encoded byOGDH (orOGDHL),DLST, andDLD, combined in different stoichiometries. DLD subunit is shared between KGDHC and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, and the glycine cleavage system. Despite KGDHC ’s implication in neurodegenerative diseases, cell-specific localization of its subunits in the adult human brain has never been investigated. Here, we show that immunoreactivity of all known isoforms of OGDHL, OGDH, and DLST was detected exclusively in neurons of surgical human cort...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - January 24, 2020 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

GAS5 knockdown ameliorates apoptosis and inflammatory response by modulating miR-26b-5p/Smad1 axis in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury.
This study established a CI / R injury model in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that the expression of GAS5 was increased in CI / R rats, while miR-26b-5p expression was decreased. Besides, knockdown of GAS5 by siRNA (si-GAS5) reversed CI / R-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Notably, bioinformatics analysis indicated that GAS5 competitively adsorbed miR-26b-5p, and the relationship was further confirmed by pull-down assay. In addition, miR-26b-5p overexpression reversed CI / R-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses, whereas low expression of miR-26b-5p had the opposite effect. Moreover, TargetScan ...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - November 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Shangguan Y, Han J, Su H Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Co-delivery of GOLPH3 siRNA and gefitinib by cationic lipid-PLGA nanoparticles improves EGFR-targeted therapy for glioma
AbstractGlioblastoma is one of the most aggressive types of brain tumor. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are overexpressed in glioma, and EGFR amplifications and mutations lead to rapid proliferation and invasion. EGFR-targeted therapy might be an effective treatment for glioma. Gefitinib (Ge) is an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), and Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) expression is associated with worse glioma prognosis. Downregulation of GOLPH3 could promote EGFR degradation. Here, an angiopep-2 (A2)-modified cationic lipid-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle (A2-N) was developed that can rele...
Source: Journal of Molecular Medicine - October 29, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Pro ‐inflammatory role of high‐mobility group box‐1 on brain mast cells via the RAGE/NF‐κB pathway
In this study, we used P815 cells to study the activating role of HMGB‐1 on MCs and to explore its potential mechanismin vitro. In anin vivo study, adult male Sprague ‐Dawley rats receivedi.c.v. injection of sterile saline or cromoglycate (stabilizer of MCs) 30  min prior toi.p. injection of HMGB ‐1. Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor and IL‐1β were observed in the P815 cells, as well as in the rats’ brains, after HMGB‐1 treatment. Pretreatment with the receptor of advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE)‐siRNA inhibited the HMGB‐1‐induced inflammatory process in the P815 cells. Activation of the RA...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - October 26, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Qing ‐Qing Qian, Xiang Zhang, Yi‐Wei Wang, Jia‐Wen Xu, Hong‐Quan Dong, Na‐Na Li, Yan‐Ning Qian, Bo Gui Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Analgesic effect of resveratrol on colitis-induced visceral pain via inhibition of TRAF6/NF- κB signaling pathway in the spinal cord.
In conclusion, our results suggest that RSV exerts the effects of antinociception on colitis-induced visceral hyperalgesia through inhibition of spinal TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway and the production of inflammatory mediators in the spinal cord, suggesting a new application of RSV for the treatment of visceral pain. PMID: 31536729 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Research - September 15, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Lu Y, Xu HM, Han Y, Zhang YL Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

CBX3 promotes glioma U87 cell proliferation and predicts an unfavorable prognosis
ConclusionsIn conclusion, results of the current research suggest that a high CBX3 expression level predicts the poor prognosis for glioma patients. CBX3 can stimulate the growth of glioma U87 cells through targeting CDKN1A and CBX3 may become a novel target in the clinical treatment for glioma.
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 8, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

TRPM2 channel regulates cytokines production in astrocytes and aggravates brain disorder during lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin sepsis.
Abstract Sepsis is one of the most significant challenges in intensive care units, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a severe complication which can cause death and serious disabilities. Calcium signaling in astrocyte is essential for cellular activation and the potential resolution of infection or inflammation in SAE patients. The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel has been identified as a unique fusion of a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, which plays an important role in inflammation and immune response. Becaus...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - August 21, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zhu T, Zhao Y, Hu H, Zheng Q, Luo X, Ling Y, Ying Y, Shen Z, Jiang P, Shu Q Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

Klotho improves diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Publication date: Available online 15 August 2019Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Xuelian Li, Zhiyang Li, Bingong Li, Xianjie Zhu, Xingjun LaiAbstractAimsNLRP3 inflammasome activation is essential for the development and prognosis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The anti-aging protein Klotho is suggested to modulate tissue inflammatory responses. The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effects of Klotho on DCM.Main methodsA streptozotocin-induced diabetes mouse model was established to assess the effects of Klotho in vivo, which was administered for 12 weeks. The characteristics of type 1 DCM were eva...
Source: Life Sciences - August 18, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Inflammatory Activation of Astrocytes Facilitates Melanoma Brain Tropism via the CXCL10-CXCR3 Signaling Axis
Publication date: 13 August 2019Source: Cell Reports, Volume 28, Issue 7Author(s): Hila Doron, Malak Amer, Nour Ershaid, Raquel Blazquez, Ophir Shani, Tzlil Gener Lahav, Noam Cohen, Omer Adler, Zahi Hakim, Sabina Pozzi, Anna Scomparin, Jonathan Cohen, Muhammad Yassin, Lea Monteran, Rachel Grossman, Galia Tsarfaty, Chen Luxenburg, Ronit Satchi-Fainaro, Tobias Pukrop, Neta ErezSummaryMelanoma is the deadliest skin cancer due to its high rate of metastasis, frequently to the brain. Brain metastases are incurable; therefore, understanding melanoma brain metastasis is of great clinical importance. We used a mouse model of spont...
Source: Cell Reports - August 14, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Cerebellar Fastigial Nucleus Stimulation in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rat Model Reduces Post-Stroke Depression by Suppressing Brain Inflammation via the microRNA-29c/TNFRSF1A Signaling Pathway.
CONCLUSIONS In a rat model, cerebellar fastigial nucleus stimulation reduced the expression of TNFRSF1A by upregulating miR-29c expression, which suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, resulting in reduced severity of post-stroke depression. PMID: 31352465 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical Science Monitor - July 30, 2019 Category: Research Tags: Med Sci Monit Source Type: research

Celastrol enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma via the death receptor pathway
ConclusionsTaken together, the results of our study demonstrate that celastrol sensitizes glioma cells to TRAIL via the death receptor pathway and that DR5 plays an important role in the effects of this cotreatment. The results indicate that this cotreatment is a promising tumor-killing therapeutic strategy with high efficacy and low toxicity.
Source: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology - July 7, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

CDCA7L promotes glioma proliferation by targeting CCND1 and predicts an unfavorable prognosis.
Authors: Ji QK, Ma JW, Liu RH, Li XS, Shen FZ, Huang LY, Hui L, Ma YJ, Jin BZ Abstract Cell division cycle associated 7 like (CDCA7L) belongs to the JPO protein family, recently identified as a target gene of c‑Myc and is frequently dysregulated in multiple cancers. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies to date have been carried out to investigate the functions of CDCA7L in glioma. Thus, in this study, the expression level of CDCA7L and its association with the prognosis in glioma were detected through the TCGA database. The mRNA expression levels of CDCA7L in glioblastoma (GBM) tissues and normal bra...
Source: Molecular Medicine Reports - June 9, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Mol Med Rep Source Type: research

Blocking lncRNA H19-miR-19a-Id2 axis attenuates hypoxia/ischemia induced neuronal injury.
This study found that H19 levels were elevated in the serum of stroke patients, as well as in the ischemic penumbra of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury and neuronal cells with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). Further, knockdown of H19 with siRNA alleviated cell apoptosis in OGD neuronal cells, and inhibition of H19 in MCAO/R rats significantly decreased neurological deficit, brain infarct volume and neuronal apoptosis. Lastly, with gain and loss of function studies, dual luciferase reported assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and pull-down experiments, we demonstrated the dual compet...
Source: Aging - June 4, 2019 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Xiao Z, Qiu Y, Lin Y, Medina R, Zhuang S, Rosenblum JS, Cui J, Li Z, Zhang X, Guo L Tags: Aging (Albany NY) Source Type: research