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Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 2402: Midkine Is a Potential Therapeutic Target of Tumorigenesis, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Sang Soo Kim Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) induced by reduced O2 availability activate the transcription of target genes encoding proteins that play important roles in communication between cancer and stromal cells. Cancer cells were incubated under hypoxic conditions: H1299, A549 (NSCLC); Hep3B, HepG2 (HCC); HCT116, CT26 (Colon cancer); MCF-7, MDAMB231 (Breast cancer); MKN1, MKN5 (Gastric cancer); U87MG, SHSY5Y (Brain cancer); and SKOV3, SNU840 (Ovary cancer). All cells expressed HIF-1α and HIF-2α mRNA and proteins. However, cell proliferation of NSCLC, breast, gastric, and brain cancer...
Source: Cancers - August 23, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dong Hoon Shin Jeong Yeon Jo Sun Ha Kim Minyoung Choi Chungyong Han Beom K. Choi Sang Soo Kim Tags: Article Source Type: research

Long non ‑coding RNA BCYRN1 promotes prostate cancer progression via elevation of HDAC11.
Long non‑coding RNA BCYRN1 promotes prostate cancer progression via elevation of HDAC11. Oncol Rep. 2020 Sep;44(3):1233-1245 Authors: Huo W, Qi F, Wang K Abstract Prostate cancer is a serious threat to men's health worldwide. While previous studies have demonstrated that long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with the initiation and development of several types of cancer, the role of lncRNAs in the progression of prostate cancer remains incompletely understood. In the present study, the lncRNA brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 (BCYRN1) was found to be overexpressed in prostate tumors compared ...
Source: Oncology Reports - July 28, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncol Rep Source Type: research

Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1 Promoted Neuron Apoptosis in Ischemic Penumbra via Regulating ASK-1/TNF- α Complex
This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of neuron apoptosis in ischemic penumbra via histone methyltransferase (HMT) mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) mediated epigenetic pathway. Mouse IS model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mouse primary cortical mixed cells were cultured and treated with oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) to simulate IS process. The expressions of apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 (ASK-1), pASK-1, cleaved caspase-3, ASK-1/serine–threonine kinase receptor-associated protein (STRAP)/14-3-3 complex, ASK-1/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) complex, and MLL1 in mo...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - July 24, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

BNIP3 deletion ameliorated enterovirus 71 infection-induced hand, foot and mouth disease via inhibiting apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation in mice.
Abstract Bcl2/adenovirus E1B protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) plays a key role in cellular response to stress by regulating apoptosis and selective autophagy. The present study aimed to determine the effects of BNIP3 on enterovirus (EV) 71 infection-induced hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and the apoptosis, autophagy and inflammatory in mice and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. Neonatal BALB/c mice were injected with EV 71 strain to induce the HFMD. Western blotting and ELISA were used to measure the protein expression and cytokine levels. The BNIP3 mRNA and protein levels in the brain were increas...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - July 23, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zhu L, Hao X, Cao J, Xie X, Wang H Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor, LARG, and RhoC play a role in glioblastoma cell invasion and resistance.
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain cancer in adults. A hallmark of GBM is aggressive invasion of tumor cells into the surrounding normal brain. The current standard of care therapy, as well as targeted therapies, have largely failed to specifically address this issue. Therefore, identifying key regulators of GBM cell migration and invasion is of particular interest. The leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG) has previously been implicated in cell invasion in other tumor types; however, the role of LARG in GBM pathobiology remains undefined. Here, we report that the expression level o...
Source: The American Journal of Pathology - July 17, 2020 Category: Pathology Authors: Ding Z, Dong Z, Yang Y, Fortin Ensign SP, Sabit H, Nakada M, Ruggieri R, Kloss JM, Symons M, Tran NL, Loftus JC Tags: Am J Pathol Source Type: research

TROY signals through JAK1-STAT3 to promote glioblastoma cell migration and resistance.
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and carries a discouraging prognosis. Its aggressive and highly infiltrative nature renders the current standard treatment of maximal surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy relatively ineffective. Identifying the signaling pathways that regulate GBM migration/invasion and resistance is required to develop more effective therapeutic regimens to treat GBM. Expression of TROY, an orphan receptor of the TNF receptor superfamily, increases with glial tumor grade, inversely correlates with patient overall survival, stimulates...
Source: Neoplasia - July 2, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ding Z, Kloss JM, Tuncali S, Tran NL, Loftus JC Tags: Neoplasia Source Type: research

Kallistatin alleviates heart failure in rats by inhibiting myocardial inflammation and apoptosis via regulating sirt1.
CONCLUSIONS: KS reduces the inflammation and apoptosis of myocardial tissue in HF rats by promoting the expression of sirt1, thereby alleviating HF-induced myocardial injury. PMID: 32572936 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - June 25, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Targeting CCL20 inhibits subarachnoid hemorrhage-related neuroinflammation in mice.
Abstract Recent evidence suggests that CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) is upregulated after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Here, we investigated the functions of CCL20 in SAH injury and its underlying mechanisms of action. We found that CCL20 is upregulated in an SAH mouse model and in cultured primary microglia and neurons. CCL20-neutralizing antibody alleviated SAH-induced neurological deficits, decreased brain water content and neuronal apoptosis, and repressed microglial activation. We observed increased levels of CCL20, CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alph...
Source: Aging - June 20, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Liao LS, Zhang MW, Gu YJ, Sun XC Tags: Aging (Albany NY) Source Type: research

Anti-inflammatory effects of higenamine (Hig) on LPS-activated mouse microglia (BV2) through NF- κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.
Anti-inflammatory effects of higenamine (Hig) on LPS-activated mouse microglia (BV2) through NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Jun 11;85:106629 Authors: Yang S, Chu S, Ai Q, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Lin M, Liu Y, Hu Y, Li X, Peng Y, Pan Y, He Q, Chen N Abstract Microglia are the most widely equipped protective cells in the brain and play a pivotal role in the development of neurological diseases. Inflammatory response and oxidative stress are critical risk factors in the activation of microglia which may cause various neurological diseases. Higenamine (Hig), a plant-based alkal...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - June 10, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yang S, Chu S, Ai Q, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Lin M, Liu Y, Hu Y, Li X, Peng Y, Pan Y, He Q, Chen N Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

ILK silencing inhibits migration and invasion of more invasive glioblastoma cells by downregulating ROCK1 and Fascin-1.
In this study, we used two brain cell lines, the non-invasive neuroglioma H4 cells, and the highly invasive glioblastoma A172 cells, which express ILK in much higher levels than H4. We studied the effect of ILK silencing on the metastatic behavior of glioblastoma cells in vitro and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. We showed that siRNA-mediated silencing of ILK inhibits cell migration and invasion of the highly invasive A172 cells while it does not affect the migratory and invasive capacity of H4 cells. These data were also supported by respective changes in the expression of Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1), fa...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - June 5, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Louca M, Zaravinos A, Stylianopoulos T, Gkretsi V Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

MiR-449b-5p inhibits human glioblastoma cell proliferation by inactivating WNT2B/Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: MiR-449b-5p acts as a tumor suppressor and retards the oncogenesis of glioblastoma, which is achieved via inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by directly targeting WNT2B. PMID: 32495889 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - June 5, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

lncRNA Mtss1 promotes inflammatory responses and secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by targeting miR-709 in mice.
Abstract Secondary brain injuries following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are mediated by inflammatory pathway activation. The present study aimed to characterize long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are differentially expressed in cerebral tissues during ICH pathogenesis and to investigate their pathogenic functions. An ICH mouse model established by collagenase injection was used to obtain differentially expressed lncRNAs for deep sequencing. A cellular inflammation model was established by treating mouse microglia with lipopolysaccharide. Expression of lncRNA and miRNA was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, and pr...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - May 18, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Chen JX, Wang YP, Zhang X, Li GX, Zheng K, Duan CZ Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

CD73 as a target to improve temozolomide chemotherapy effect in glioblastoma preclinical model
AbstractGlioblastoma is the most devastating primary brain tumor and effective therapies are not available. Treatment is based on surgery followed by radio and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), but TMZ increases patient survival only by 2  months. CD73, an enzyme responsible for adenosine production, emerges as a target for glioblastoma treatment. Indeed, adenosine causes tumor-promoting actions and CD73 inhibition increases sensitivity to TMZ in vitro. Here, a cationic nanoemulsion to nasal delivery of siRNA CD73 (NE-siRNA CD73) ai ming glioblastoma treatment was employed alone or in combination with TMZ. In vitro, t...
Source: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology - May 15, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 1200: Long Non-Coding RNA PANTR1 is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Influences Angiogenesis and Apoptosis in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Cancer
In conclusion, this study provides first evidence that PANTR1 has a relevant role in human RCC by influencing apoptosis and angiogenesis.
Source: Cancers - May 9, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Maximilian Seles Georg C. Hutterer Johannes Fo ßelteder Marek Svoboda Margit Resel Dominik A. Barth Renate Pichler Thomas Bauernhofer Richard E. Zigeuner Karl Pummer Ondrej Slaby Christiane Klec Martin Pichler Tags: Article Source Type: research

FBXW7 promotes pathological cardiac hypertrophy by targeting EZH2-SIX1 signaling.
Abstract F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) is an E3-ubiquitin ligase, which serves as one of the components of the SKP1, CUL1, and F-box protein type ubiquitin ligase (SCF) complex. Previous studies reveal that FBXW7 participates in cancer, inflammation and Parkinson's disease. FBXW7 also contributes to angiogenesis of endothelial cells. However, the function of FBXW7 in cardiac homeostasis remains to elucidate. Here we identified the critical role of FBXW7 during cardiac hypertrophy in humans and rodents. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot revealed that the mRNA and protein levels...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - May 3, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Gao W, Guo N, Zhao S, Chen Z, Zhang W, Yan F, Liao H, Chi K Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research