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Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Total 538 results found since Jan 2013.

Lentivirus vector ‑mediated genetic manipulation of oncogenic pathways induces tumor formation in rabbit brain
Mol Med Rep. 2021 Jun;23(6):422. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12061. Epub 2021 Apr 13.ABSTRACTTranslation of promising experimental therapies from rodent models to clinical success has been complicated as the novel therapies often fail in clinical trials. Existing rodent glioma models generally do not allow for preclinical evaluation of the efficiency of novel therapies in combination with surgical resection. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a larger animal model utilizing lentivirus vector‑mediated oncogenic transformation in the rabbit brain. Lentiviruses carrying constitutively active AKT and H‑Ras on...
Source: Molecular Medicine Reports - April 13, 2021 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Farizan Ahmad Anna Hyv ärinen Agnieszka Pirinen Venla Olsson Jaana Rummukainen Arto Immonen Johanna N ärväinen Pasi Tuunanen Timo Liimatainen Virve K ärkkäinen Jari Koistinaho Seppo Yl ä-Ηerttuala Source Type: research

Intracellular Progesterone Receptor and cSrc Protein Working Together to Regulate the Activity of Proteins Involved in Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells
Glioblastomas are the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors in adults, and patients with glioblastoma have a median survival of 15 months. Some alternative therapies, such as Src family kinase inhibitors, have failed presumably because other signaling pathways compensate for their effects. In the last ten years, it has been proven that sex hormones such as progesterone (P4) can induce growth, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells through its intracellular progesterone receptor (PR), which is mostly known for its role as a transcription factor, but it can also induce non-genomic actions. These non-classic ...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - March 26, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Research Articles A first-in-human phase 0 clinical study of RNA interference-based spherical nucleic acids in patients with recurrent glioblastoma
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most difficult cancers to effectively treat, in part because of the lack of precision therapies and limited therapeutic access to intracranial tumor sites due to the presence of the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers. We have developed a precision medicine approach for GBM treatment that involves the use of brain-penetrant RNA interference–based spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), which consist of gold nanoparticle cores covalently conjugated with radially oriented and densely packed small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides. On the basis of previous preclinical evaluation, we cond...
Source: Science Translational Medicine - March 10, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Kumthekar, P., Ko, C. H., Paunesku, T., Dixit, K., Sonabend, A. M., Bloch, O., Tate, M., Schwartz, M., Zuckerman, L., Lezon, R., Lukas, R. V., Jovanovic, B., McCortney, K., Colman, H., Chen, S., Lai, B., Antipova, O., Deng, J., Li, L., Tommasini-Ghelfi, S Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 13, Pages 944: Identification and Validation of ERK5 as a DNA Damage Modulating Drug Target in Glioblastoma
wn Spencer J. Collis Brain tumours kill more children and adults under 40 than any other cancer, with approximately half of primary brain tumours being diagnosed as high-grade malignancies known as glioblastomas. Despite de-bulking surgery combined with chemo-/radiotherapy regimens, the mean survival for these patients is only around 15 months, with less than 10% surviving over 5 years. This dismal prognosis highlights the urgent need to develop novel agents to improve the treatment of these tumours. To address this need, we carried out a human kinome siRNA screen to identify potential drug targets that augment the e...
Source: Cancers - February 24, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Natasha Carmell Ola Rominiyi Katie N. Myers Connor McGarrity-Cottrell Aurelie Vanderlinden Nikita Lad Eva Perroux-David Sherif F. El-Khamisy Malee Fernando Katherine G. Finegan Stephen Brown Spencer J. Collis Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 901: Silencing ZEB2 Induces Apoptosis and Reduces Viability in Glioblastoma Cell Lines
Conclusions: In line with previous investigations, our results indicated a critical oncogenic role for ZEB2 overexpression in brain glioma tumors. These properties make ZEB2 an essential molecule for further studies in the treatment of glioma cancer.
Source: Molecules - February 9, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Sahar Safaee Masoumeh Fardi Nima Hemmat Neda Khosravi Afshin Derakhshani Nicola Silvestris Behzad Baradaran Tags: Article Source Type: research

Effect of Ras-guanine nucleotide release factor 1-mediated H-Ras/ERK signaling pathway on glioma.
CONCLUSION: Ras-GRF1 was upregulated in glioma tissues and correlated with its malignancy and prognosis. Silencing Ras-GRF1, through mediating H-Ras/ERK pathway, may suppress the growth and metastasis of glioma. PMID: 33412149 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Research - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Pan YH, Chen J, Sun C, Ma JF, Li X Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Tim-3 deteriorates neuroinflammatory and neurocyte apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage through the Nrf2/HMGB1 signaling pathway in rats.
Abstract Inflammation is known to play an important role in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) has emerged as a critical regulator of adaptive and innate immune responses, and has been identified to play a vital role in certain inflammatory diseases; The present study explored the effect of Tim-3 on inflammatory responses and detailed mechanism in EBI following SAH. We investigated the effects of Tim-3 on SAH models established by endovascular puncture method in Sprague-Dawley rats. The present studies revealed that SAH induced a significa...
Source: Aging - November 7, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Guo S, Li Y, Wei B, Liu W, Li R, Cheng W, Zhang X, He X, Li X, Duan C Tags: Aging (Albany NY) Source Type: research

Menaquinone-7 protects astrocytes by regulating mitochondrial function and inflammatory response under hypoxic conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to confirm that MK-7 can protect astrocytes from hypoxia-induced cytotoxicity, possibly by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Gas6 may also participate in these protective effects. PMID: 33090426 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - October 23, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Clinacanthus nutans Mitigates Neuronal Death and Reduces Ischemic Brain Injury: Role of NF- κB-driven IL-1β Transcription
AbstractNeuroinflammation has been shown to exacerbate ischemic brain injury, and is considered as a prime target for the development of stroke therapies.Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (C. nutans) is widely used in traditional medicine for treating insect bites, viral infection and cancer, due largely to its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, we reported that an ethanol extract from the leaf ofC. nutans could protect the brain against ischemia-triggered neuronal death and infarction. In order to further understand the molecular mechanism(s) for its beneficial effects, two experimental paradigms, namely,...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - October 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Exosome as a Natural Gene Delivery Vector for Cancer Treatment.
CONCLUSION: In the near future exosomes can become an efficient gene carrier for delivery and a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. PMID: 32972340 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Cancer Drug Targets - September 23, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Pofali P, Mondal A, Londhe V Tags: Curr Cancer Drug Targets Source Type: research

Transmembrane protein 45A regulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells through nuclear factor kappa-B
In conclusion, TMEM45A is an oncogenic gene in glioma. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of gliomas could be effectively impeded by inhibition of TMEM45A, and the cancer-promoting effect of TMEM45A on gliomas was involved with the NFκB pathway.
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - September 18, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Preclinical Reports Source Type: research

Role of Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cancer.
Abstract The tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptors family and, together with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), plays an important role in the development of breast cancer, lung cancer, neuroblastoma, colorectal cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, kidney cancer, Ewing's sarcoma, esophageal cancer, and head and neck cancer. Overexpression of these two factors has been associated with increased processes involved in carcinogenesis, such as invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiog...
Source: Cytokine - September 6, 2020 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Serafim Junior V, Fernandes GMM, Oliveira-Cucolo JG, Pavarino EC, Goloni-Bertollo EM Tags: Cytokine Source Type: research

LncRNA SNHG7 sponges miR-449a to promote pituitary adenomas progression
This study aimed to characterize the expression status and potentially mechanistic involvement of SNHG7 in pituitary adenoma. Relative expression of SNHG7 and miR-449a was analyzed by real-time PCR. Cell viability was measured with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Cell apoptosis was determined by PI/Annexin V double staining followed by flow cytometry analysis. Cell invasion and migration were analyzed by wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. The regulatory action of miR-449a on SNHG7 was interrogated by luciferase reporter assay. We also investigated the pro-tumor activity of SNHG7 with the MMQ xenograft tumor mou...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - September 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research