Savolitinib monotherapy exerted significant benefit in a non-small cell lung cancer patient with osimertinib resistance harboring primary EGFR L858R mutation and MET amplification: a case report
Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have significantly improved response in all stages of patients with EGFR positive mutations in nonsmall cell lung cancer. However, the primary resistance mechanism of EGFR-TKIs has not been thoroughly revealed. Here, we described a case of a 64-year-old male with lung adenocarcinoma presented primary resistance on osimertinib combined with bevacizumab and platinum-based chemotherapy, next-generation sequencing revealed EGFR exon 21 L858R mutation and MET gene amplification. Afterward, savolitinib monotherapy was started until now, and the treatment was...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

A novel intergenic region ALK fusion is targetable by alectinib in a non-small cell lung cancer patient with brain metastasis
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement defines a unique nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) molecular subtype, of which the patients could potentially benefit from anti-ALK therapies. So far, the outcomes of the canonical echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like (EML-ALK) patients subjected to ALK inhibitors are well established. However, given the increasing complexity of ALK fusion partners, as detected by high-throughput sequencing, the responses of those with rare ALK fusion events remain to be explored. Here, we report a lung adenocarcinoma patient with brain metastasis harboring an ARHGAP5 downstream inte...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Role of Delta/Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor in gastric cancer patients and cells and its clinical significance
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common digestive system malignancy. The aim of this study was to explore the role of Delta/Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor (DNER) in GC patients and cells. Gene expression omnibus data base public databases were used to analyze the DNER expression in GC patient. A total of 30 cases of GC and adjacent tissue samples were retrospectively obtained to analyze the DNER expression. MTT assay was conducted to measure the cell viability. The apoptosis rate of GC cells was determined by flow cytometry. The migration and invasion were detected by transwell assay. Real-time polymerase chai...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Remarkable response to gemcitabine rechallenge in advanced urothelial carcinoma: a case report
Therapeutic alternatives in advanced urothelial carcinoma are limited, especially in advanced lines, with only a few drugs having demonstrated relevant clinical benefit. (Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs)
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Venetoclax-induced vitiligo in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Venetoclax, a highly selective Bcl-2 inhibitor, is an orally bioavailable drug that has been approved as first-line therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in combination with obinutuzumab, as well as monotherapy in the setting of relapsed CLL. Although some of its life-threatening side effects are well known, including tumor lysis syndrome and cytopenias, others less known side effects include skin reactions. Skin rash is commonly reported in literature, which is often mild and not life-threatening. In this case report, the authors describe what is potentially the second case of venetoclax-induced vitiligo reported...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Immune checkpoint inhibitor in a case with primary urethral adenocarcinoma with lung metastasis
Primary urethral adenocarcinoma is extremely rare, and the clinical experience in optimizing the management is limited. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for these patients is not clear. Here, we describe a 52-year-old patient with primary urethral adenocarcinoma accompanied by inguinal lymph nodes and lung metastasis with progressive disease after radiotherapy and multiline chemotherapy. The expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) was positive. Hence, this patient was treated with tislelizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor. The disease is well controlled and the overall survival time is 5 years. ...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Successful treatment of advanced muscle-invasive bladder cancer with the combined therapy of toripalimab and chemotherapy: a case report
Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy in the urinary system, and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) accounts for 25–30% among all types of bladder cancers. Although MIBC can be treated by surgery and chemotherapy, favorable outcomes can still not be obtained. In recent years, the emergence of immunotherapy represented by programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and other immune checkpoint inhibitors provides attractive prospects for the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can block the binding of PD-1/PD-L1, which can block negative immunomodulatory signals,...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Pretreatment platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer: single center experience from Turkey
The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of PLR and NLR as an indicator of pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with breast cancer after NACT. One hundred thirty-nine patients with early or LABC and candidates to NACT were retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic significance of PLR and NLR was analyzed. In addition, predictive indicators of pCR to NACT were also evaluated. pCR was obtained in 48.9% of patients. Significant difference was detected between pCR and PLR, tumor grade, clinical lymph node status and molecular subgroup. The higher rate of pCR was significantly achieved for patien...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Thoracic radiotherapy may improve the outcome of extensive stage small cell lung carcinoma patients treated with first-line immunotherapy plus chemotherapy
Objective Immunotherapy plus etoposide and platinum (EP)-based chemotherapy is the standard of care for patients with extensive stage–small cell lung carcinoma (ES-SCLC). In the era of immunotherapy, the role of thoracic radiotherapy for ES-SCLC remains unclear. Methods We retrospectively included ES-SCLC patients treated with first-line EP-based chemotherapy plus atezolizumab or durvalumab at Taichung Veterans General Hospital to evaluate the prognostic role and safety of thoracic radiotherapy. Results A total of 22 patients were included. The median age was 64 years and most of them were male and smok...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Chronic hyperglycemia based on diabetes is independently associated with decreased survival in patients with advanced cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have started a new era in treating patients with cancer. The effect of comorbidities and concomitant drug use on ICIs have become of interest in those patients. Data about the impact of hyperglycemia on response to ICIs in cancer patients are limited. All advanced-stage cancer patients treated with ICIs in Ankara University Medical Oncology Department were retrospectively evaluated. Patients treated in expanded access programs or clinical trials were excluded from the study. A total of 137 patients were included in this study. The most common primary tumor type was malign melanoma (32.8%...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Association of genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 with gefitinib-induced toxicities
Dermatological, gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicities are the most common adverse events associated with gefitinib use. Gefitinib is metabolized by cytochrome P450. Inconsistent associations of single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms of CYP450 and gefitinib-induced adverse effects were reported. We aim to investigate the association between CYP450 genetic polymorphism and the development of gefitinib-associated adverse events. A retrospective cohort study of Chinese patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations who received first-line gefitinib trea...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Identification of exosomal circRNA CD226 as a potent driver of nonsmall cell lung cancer through miR-1224-3p/high mobility group AT-hook 2 axis
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial for the pathogenesis of nonsmall lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we set out to unravel the precise function of circRNA CD226 (circCD226) in NSCLC pathogenesis. The exosomes from serum specimens were observed by transmission electron microscopy. CircCD226, miR-1224-3p and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) were quantified by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Actinomycin D and Ribonuclease (RNase) R treatments and subcellular localization assay were used for circCD226 characterization. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and sphere formation abilities were gauge...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Exosomal circPRRX1 functions as a ceRNA for miR-596 to promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and reduce radiation sensitivity of gastric cancer cells via the upregulation of NF-κB activating protein
Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles, have been unveiled to carry circular RNAs (circRNAs). CircRNA paired-related homeobox 1 (circPRRX1) can be transferred by exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells. Here, we investigated the activity and mechanism of exosomal circPRRX1 in gastric tumorigenesis and radiation sensitivity. CircPRRX1, microRNA (miR)-596, and NF-κB activating protein (NKAP) were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting. Cell proliferation, motility, and invasion were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide and transwell assays, respectiv...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Circ_0003998 upregulates ARK5 expression to elevate 5-Fluorouracil resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through binding to miR-513a-5p
This study aimed to research the regulatory function of circ_0003998 in 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance. Circ_0003998, microRNA-513a-5p (miR-513a-5p) and AMPK-Related Protein Kinase 5 (ARK5) levels were assayed via the quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Colony formation ability was assessed by colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was performed for cell cycle and cell apoptosis analysis. Caspase-3 activity was detected using a caspase-3 activity assay. Target analysis was conducted via RNA pull-down assay, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, and an RNA immunoprecipitation assay. In-vivo assay was performed by establis...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Hsa_circ_0000877 facilitates the progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by miR-370-3p/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4/Hippo pathway
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) originates from B lymphocytes and is a fatal hematological malignancy. Circular RNAs have been increasingly reported as a promising biological target for cancer therapy, but their role in DLBCL remains poorly studied. Relative expression levels of has_circ_0000877 (circ_0000877), microRNA-370-3p (miR-370-3p), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Western blot analysis was employed to measure protein levels. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay were used to detect the proliferati...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - October 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research