MEK inhibition by trametinib overcomes chemoresistance in preclinical nasopharyngeal carcinoma models
The development of chemoresistance is the major cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Although ‘paradoxical’ activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been shown to contribute resistance to anticancer treatment, the role of ERK in NPC chemoresistance has not been yet revealed. In this work, we report that trametinib, a clinically available mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor for melanoma treatment, overcomes NPC chemoresistance via suppressing ERK activation induced by chemotherapy. We first showed that trametinib at nanomolar concentrations was active against NPC cell...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - September 30, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Preclinical Reports Source Type: research
Aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680 enhances sensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells to cisplatin chemotherapy
This study was performed to investigate if VX-680 and cisplatin can synergistically inhibit the malignant behavior of ESCC cells. The results obtained from 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di- phenytetrazoliumromide assay and combination index analysis demonstrated that the combination of VX-680 and cisplatin synergistically enhanced cytotoxic effects in ESCC cells. 2-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride staining and western blot analysis suggested that VX-680 increased cisplatin-mediated cell apoptosis. Further analysis revealed that VX-680 combined with cisplatin could attenuate cell migration and a...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - September 30, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Preclinical Reports Source Type: research
Efficacy and safety of toripalimab combined with doxorubicin as first-line treatment for metastatic soft tissue sarcomas: an observational study
The objective response rate was 36.7% and the disease control rate was 80%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 months (95% CI: 6.30–10.64). The most frequent any grade adverse events were nausea (66.7%), fatigue (60%), and vomiting (40%). Neutropenia (20%) was the most common grade 3/4 adverse events, followed by leucopenia (13.3%) and febrile neutropenia (6.7%). No death related to treatment was observed during the drugs administration. Toripalimab combined with doxorubicin is effective in patients with metastatic STS as first-line treatment with manageable adverse events. (Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs)
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - September 30, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Preclinical Reports Source Type: research
Circular RNA circ_ASAP2 regulates drug sensitivity and functional behaviors of cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells by the miR-330-3p/NT5E axis
This study aims to explore the biological actions of circular RNA (circRNA) ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2 (circ_ASAP2, circ_0006089) in cisplatin (DDP) resistance of gastric cancer. Circ_ASAP2, ecto-5′-nucleotidase (NT5E) and miR-330-3p were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR or western blot. The measurements of the IC50 value and cell proliferation were done using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell colony formation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, migration and invasion were evaluated by the colony formation, flow cytometry and transwell ass...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - September 30, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Preclinical Reports Source Type: research
The role of emodin on cisplatin resistance reversal of lung adenocarcinoma A549/DDP cell
In this study, we found that the growth inhibitory effect of cisplatin was significantly enhanced by emodin in A549/DDP cells. The combined use of emodin with DDP can effectively promote lung cancer cells apoptosis and inhibit cell migration and invasion. Further investigation indicated that reinforcement effect of emodin and DDP may be associated with inhibition of NF-κB pathway and drug efflux-related proteins such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST). The key role of NF-κB was further confirmed by the application of NF-κB inhibitor Ammonium pyrrol...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - September 30, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Preclinical Reports Source Type: research
Hesperetin regulates transforming growth factor-β1/Smads pathway to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition -mediated invasion and migration in cervical cancer cell
In conclusion, hesperetin can suppress EMT-mediated invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting abnormal activation of TGF-β1/Smads pathway. The study provides an experimental basis for the prevention of the invasion and migration of cervical cancer. (Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs)
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - September 30, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Preclinical Reports Source Type: research
CircRASSF2 facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer by mediating the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by regulating the miR-195-5p/FZD4 axis
Circular RNAs (circRNA) are a key regulator of cancer progression, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the role of circRASSF2 in CRC remains unclear. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of circRASSF2 and miR-195-5p. Cell counting kit 8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay were used to determine the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of cells, respectively. The levels of proliferation, metastasis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins, as well as Frizzled 4 (FZD4) protein, were determined using western blot analysis. Furthermore...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - September 30, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Preclinical Reports Source Type: research
Silencing of circ_0078607 prevents development of gastric cancer and inactivates the ERK1/2/AKT pathway through the miR-188-3p/RAP1B axis
The aim of this study is to explore the expression and mechanism of circ_0078607 on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer. Real time PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of circ_0078607 in gastric cancer tumor tissues, plasma and cell lines. Cell viability was detected by cell counting Kit-8. Cell proliferation ability was assessed by cell cycle assay. The samples were analyzed by flow cytometry for the detection of apoptosis. Luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were carried out to verify the relationship between circ_0078607 and miR-188-3p, miR-188-3p, and RAP1B. Western blot was empl...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - September 30, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Preclinical Reports Source Type: research
Vandetanib-eluting radiopaque beads for chemoembolization: physicochemical evaluation and biological activity of vandetanib in hypoxia
The objective of this study was to investigate how embolization-induced hypoxia may affect antitumoural activity of vandetanib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. We studied the effect of vandetanib on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of HCC cells, in hypoxic conditions, as well as the direct effects of the beads on 3D HCC spheroids. Vandetanib suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro and was equipotent in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. High degrees o...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - September 30, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Preclinical Reports Source Type: research
Pancytopenia after administration of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin-C: local therapy and systemic toxicity
We present an interesting case of pancytopenia following treatment with HIPEC using MMC and comment on the possible role of splenectomy in exacerbating its cytotoxic effects. Our unique case highlights potential hematologic toxicity following MMC-HIPEC and splenectomy. It suggests that spleen removal may enhance toxicity profiles of chemotherapy such as MMC. Because MMC is the preferred agent of choice used in CRS-HIPEC, future studies should investigate optimal MMC dosing and patient selection when splenectomy is performed to balance survival benefit with hematologic toxicities. (Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs)
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - August 20, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Coexistence of a secondary STRN–ALK, EML4–ALK double-fusion variant in a lung adenocarcinoma patient with EGFR mutation: a case report
ALK-positive disease is characterized by the presence of ALK gene rearrangements that encode driver fusion oncoproteins. EML4–ALK fusion is regarded as the most common type in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancers. STRN–ALK is a novel ALK fusion partner in NSCLC and is considered sensitive to targeted therapy. However, there was no study regarding effective therapy for EML4–ALK and STRN–ALK double fusion variants in EGFR-resistant mutant lung cancer. TP53, RB1, and EGFR exon 21 L858R were found in tumor tissues and plasma from patients with capture-based NGS. After 3 months of gefitinib treatment, an NGS of plasma ...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - August 20, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Treatment of refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by chidamide combined with autologous stem cell transplantation: a case report
In this study, we reported a case of refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with cutaneous involvement that achieved complete remission for more than 4 years with epigenetic regulation of chidamide in combination with chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation including a pretreatment regimen containing chidamide. (Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs)
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - August 20, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Repurposing calcium channel blockers: may be sensible combination with erlotinib for non-small cell lung cancer
This study will be inspiring future prospective studies. (Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs)
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - August 20, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Clinical Reports Source Type: research
Investigation of differentially expressed gene profile for cisplatin-treated lung cancer patients
This study helped us better understand the potential targets and underline molecular mechanisms for cisplatin treatment and provided references to eliminate existing side effects in the future. (Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs)
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - August 20, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Clinical Reports Source Type: research
Actein antagonizes colorectal cancer through blocking PI3K/Akt pathways by downregulating IMPDH2
Actein, a triterpene glycoside, isolated from rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida, was reported to exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of actein on colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. As one of the most popular cancers all over the world, CRC ranked third place in both men and women. Recently, we investigated the potential anti-CRC effects of actein and its mechanisms. The Cell counting kit-8 cell proliferation assays, cell cycle detection, apoptosis detection, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential evaluation, western blot, as well as SW480 xenograft mice model were ...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - August 20, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Clinical Reports Source Type: research
