Metabolite profiles of essential oils in citrus peels and their taxonomic implications
In this study, triplicate gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) metabolite profiles of 20 Citrus species/varieties were acquired, including 10 native varieties originating in China. R-(+)-limonene, α-pinene, sabinene and α-terpinene were found to be major characteristic components of the essential oils analyzed in this study, and these compounds contributed greatly to the metabolic classification. The three basic species of the subgenus Eucitrus (Swingle’s system), i.e., C. reticulata Blanco, C. medica L. and C. grandis Osb., were clearly differentiated based upon their metabolite profiles using hierarchical...
Source: Metabolomics - February 7, 2015 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Elucidating Genetic Diversity among Sour Orange Rootstocks: a Comparative Study of the Efficiency of RAPD and SSR Markers.
Abstract
In order to compare the effectiveness of two molecular marker systems, a set of six RAPD and nine SSR markers were used to study the genetic diversity in a population of 46 sour orange accessions, a common rootstock used in almost all citrus orchards in Tunisia. Genetic diversity parameters [average and effective number of alleles, percentage of polymorphism, polymorphic information content (PIC), effective marker index (EMI), and marker index (MI) parameters] for RAPD, SSR, and RAPD + SSR were determined in order to assess the efficiency of the two marker systems. The results revealed that th...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - January 14, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lamine M, Mliki A Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: research
Melatonin combined with ascorbic acid provides salt adaptation in Citrus aurantium L. seedlings
Publication date: Available online 1 December 2014 Source:Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Author(s): Zacharoula Kostopoulou , Ioannis Therios , Efstathios Roumeliotis , Angelos K. Kanellis , Athanassios Molassiotis Ascorbic acid (AsA) and melatonin (Mel) are known molecules participating in stress resistance, however, their combined role in counteracting the impact of salinity in plants is still unknown. In this work the effect of exogenous application of 0.50 mΜ AsA, 1 μΜ Mel and their combination (AsA + Mel) on various stress responses in leaves and roots of Citrus aurantium L. seedlings grown under 100...
Source: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry - December 2, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Chinese Herbal Medicine for Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Multicenter, Prospective Trial.
Abstract
Obesity is a serious medical problem worldwide. As a holistic therapy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may have a potential in obesity management. In this controlled trial, we evaluated the safety and effectiveness of Xin-Ju-Xiao-Gao-Fang (XJXGF), a TCM herbal formulation, in 140 obese subjects over a 24-week period. The XJXGF formula mainly consists of rhubarb, coptis, semen cassia, and citrus aurantium. Subjects with body mass index (BMI) 28-40 kg/m(2) were recruited at 5 centers in China. We assessed the changes in subjects' body weight, its related parameters, and the reduction of insulin r...
Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine - November 19, 2014 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Zhou Q, Chang B, Chen XY, Zhou SP, Zhen Z, Zhang LL, Sun X, Zhou Y, Xie WQ, Liu HF, Xu Y, Kong Y, Zhou LB, Lian FM, Tong XL Tags: Am J Chin Med Source Type: research
Anti-amnesic activity of Citrus aurantium flowers extract against scopolamine-induced memory impairments in rats
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that mostly affects the elderly population. Learning and memory impairment as the most characteristic manifestation of dementia could be induced chemically by scopolamine, a cholinergic antagonist. Cholinergic neurotransmission mediated brain oxidative stress. Citrus aurantium (CA) has traditionally been used for the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and epilepsy. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Citrus aurantium on scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficit in rats. Forty-two Wistar rats were di...
Source: Neurological Sciences - November 4, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Flavonoids identified from Korean Citrus aurantium L. inhibit Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer growth in vivo and in vitro
This study investigated the anti-metastatic effect of flavonoids isolated from Korean C. aurantium L. using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in NOD/SCID mice. PKH-26 staining and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that flavonoids prevented cancer cell infiltration and localization to the lung. Also, flavonoids induced cancer cell apoptosis through the regulation of the apoptosis related protein cleaved caspase-3 and p-p53. In vitro results also show that flavonoids inhibited A549 cells metastasis and induced apoptosis. Moreover, proteomic analysis indicated compa...
Source: Journal of Functional Foods - November 3, 2014 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 6, Pages 2602-2622: Characterization of a Proposed Dichorhavirus Associated with the Citrus Leprosis Disease and Analysis of the Host Response
The causal agents of Citrus leprosis are viruses; however, extant diagnostic methods to identify them have failed to detect known viruses in orange, mandarin, lime and bitter orange trees with severe leprosis symptoms in Mexico, an important citrus producer. Using high throughput sequencing, a virus associated with citrus leprosis was identified, belonging to the proposed Dichorhavirus genus. The virus was termed Citrus Necrotic Spot Virus (CNSV) and contains two negative-strand RNA components; virions accumulate in the cytoplasm and are associated with plasmodesmata—channels interconnecting neighboring cells—suggestin...
Source: Viruses - July 7, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: José Cruz-JaramilloRoberto Ruiz-MedranoLourdes Rojas-MoralesJosé López-BuenfilOscar Morales-GalvánClaudio Chavarín-PalacioJosé Ramírez-PoolBeatriz Xoconostle-Cázares Tags: Article Source Type: research
Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L.
Abstract
Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. The fractions were denoted CALA, CALB, and CALC. Structural characterization was conducted by physicochemical property, FTIR, and SEM analyses. Antioxidant activities in vivo and in vitro were also evaluated. CALB, which showed the highest activity, was further isolated to afford four purified polysaccharides (CALB-1-4) by various ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. Meanwhile, the purified polysaccharides were subjected to composi...
Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules - March 12, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang QH, Shu ZP, Xu BQ, Xing N, Jiao WJ, Yang BY, Kuang HX Tags: Int J Biol Macromol Source Type: research
p-Synephrine: A novel agonist for neuromedin U2 receptor.
Abstract
In the brain, Neuromedin U2 receptor (NMU2R) is prominent in the hypothalamic regions and is known to be associated with regulation of several important physiological functions, including food intake, energy balance, stress response, and nociception. In this article, by random screening of compounds using the model of high-throughput screening for NMU2R stable expression,NMU2R negative and NMU2R shRNA knockdown HEK293 cell lines, for the first time, we discovered that p-synephrine, which is the primary protoalkaloid in Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) and is widely used in weight loss and weight m...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - March 4, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zheng X, Guo L, Wang D, Deng X Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: research
Herbalists' perception of risks involving commonly sold medicinal plants in Italy.
CONCLUSION: The study shows that herbalists in Tuscany are knowledgeable about the relative risks of MPs when compared with experts in herbal medicine.
PMID: 24559821 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Complementary Therapies in Medicine)
Source: Complementary Therapies in Medicine - February 1, 2014 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Gallo E, Lucenteforte E, Firenzuoli F, Menniti-Ippolito F, Maggini V, Pugi A, Mascherini V, Gori L, Mugelli A, Vannacci A Tags: Complement Ther Med Source Type: research
Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated with Dietary Supplements Containing 1,3-Dimethylamylamine and Citrus aurantium.
We describe the case of a previously healthy 22-year-old man who presented with anginal chest pain and was diagnosed with a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. For 3 weeks, he had been ingesting the dietary supplements Jack3d® (principal ingredient, 1,3-dimethylamylamine) and Phenorex™ (principal ingredient, Citrus aurantium) daily, before undertaking physical activity. Coronary angiograms revealed a proximal left anterior descending coronary artery thrombus with distal embolization. A combined medical regimen led to resolution of the thrombus. Three months later, the patient was asymptomatic with no evidence of isc...
Source: Texas Heart Institute Journal - February 1, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Smith TB, Staub BA, Natarajan GM, Lasorda DM, Poornima IG Tags: Tex Heart Inst J Source Type: research
The effect of a minor constituent of essential oil from Citrus aurantium: The role of β-myrcene in preventing peptic ulcer disease.
Abstract
The monoterpene β-myrcene has been widely used in cosmetics, food and beverages, and it is normally found in essential oil from citrus fruit. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-ulcer effects of β-myrcene on experimental models of ulcers that are induced by ethanol, NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), stress, Helicobacter pylori, ischaemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) and cysteamine in order to compare with the essential oil of Citrus aurantium and its major compound limonene. The results indicate that the oral administration of β-myrcene at a dose of 7.50mg/kg has importa...
Source: Chemico-Biological Interactions - January 27, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Bonamin F, Moraes TM, Dos Santos RC, Kushima H, Faria FM, Silva MA, Junior IV, Nogueira L, Bauab TM, Souza Brito AR, da Rocha LR, Hiruma-Lima CA Tags: Chem Biol Interact Source Type: research
The Essential Oil of Bergamot Stimulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
In conclusion, this is the first report showing the ability of BEO to increase ROS production in human PMN. This effect could both contribute to the activity of BEO in infections and in tissue healing as well as underlie an intrinsic proinflammatory potential. The relevance of these findings for the clinical uses of BEO needs careful consideration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Phytotherapy Research)
Source: Phytotherapy Research - January 23, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Marco Cosentino, Alessandra Luini, Raffaella Bombelli, Maria T. Corasaniti, Giacinto Bagetta, Franca Marino Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
The antimicrobial effects of Citrus limonum and Citrus aurantium essential oils on multi-species biofilms
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Citrus limonum and Citrus aurantium essential oils (EOs) compared to 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on multi-species biofilms formed by Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. The biofilms were grown in acrylic disks immersed in broth, inoculated with microbial suspension (106 cells/mL) and incubated at 37°C / 48 h. After the biofilms were formed, they were exposed for 5 minutes to the solutions (n = 10): C. aurantium EO, C. limonum EO, 0.2% CHX, 1% NaOCl or sterile saline solution [0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl)]. Next, t...
Source: Brazilian Oral Research - December 22, 2013 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Healing Actions of Essential Oils from Citrus aurantium and d-Limonene in the Gastric Mucosa: The Roles of VEGF, PCNA, and COX-2 in Cell Proliferation
Journal of Medicinal Food Dec 2013, Vol. 16, No. 12: 1162-1167. (Source: Journal of Medicinal Food)
Source: Journal of Medicinal Food - December 13, 2013 Category: Nutrition Tags: article Source Type: research
