Obtaining hesperetin 7-O-glucosyl 6 ’’-O-laurate, a high lipophilic flavonoid ester, from Citrus waste
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2017 Source:Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology Author(s): Gustavo Céliz, Ramón Díaz, Mirta Daz A biotechnological process that combines the treatment of Citrus processing waste to extract a high-valuable biomolecule, neohesperidin (NEO), and its further modification by biocatalysis to enhance the lipophilicity of its flavonoic moiety is presented. NEO was extracted from immature fruits of Citrus aurantium and hydrolyzed by a commercial alpha-rhamnosidase to obtain hesperetin 7-glucoside (HG). NEO and HG were mono-acylated with vinyl laurate by using Novozym 435...
Source: Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology - November 14, 2017 Category: Biotechnology Source Type: research
Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Extract Subchronic 90-Day Safety Study in Rats
This study, performed per OECD 408 guidance, examined the 90-day subchronic safety/toxicity of an extract standardized to 50% p-synephrine at doses of 100, 300 and 1000mg/kg/day to male and female rats. No adverse effects were observed with respect to any of the observed parameters of clinical signs, functional observations of sensory reactivity, grip strength and motor activity, ophthalmology, body weights, hematology, food consumption, urinalysis, organ weights, as well as gross and microscopic pathology at termination at any of the doses in either sex. Treatment at 1000mg/kg body weight/day of the extract resulted in no...
Source: Toxicology Reports - November 13, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Safety evaluation of p ‐synephrine following 15 days of oral administration to healthy subjects: A clinical study
This study assessed the cardiovascular (stimulant) and hemodynamic effects of BOE (49 mg p‐synephrine) daily given to 16 healthy subjects for 15 days in a placebo‐controlled, cross‐over, double‐blinded study. A physical evaluation by a cardiologist, as well as heart rates, blood pressures, and electrocardiograms were determined, and blood samples were drawn at baseline, and Days 5, 10, and 15. Serum levels for caffeine and p‐synephrine were measured at 1 and 2 weeks. Subjects completed a 10‐item health and metabolic questionnaire at baseline and on Day 15. No significant changes occurred in heart rate, elect...
Source: Phytotherapy Research - November 12, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mohd Shara, Sidney J. Stohs, Mahmoud M. Smadi Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Polyphenols from Blossoms of Citrus aurantium L.
var. amara Engl. Show Significant Anti-Complement
and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Journal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03759 (Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry)
Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry - October 9, 2017 Category: Food Science Authors: Chun-Yan Shen, Jian-Guo Jiang, Chun-Ling Huang, Wei Zhu and Chao-Yang Zheng Source Type: research
Heart Toxicity Related to Herbs and Dietary Supplements: Online Table of Case Reports. Part 4 of 5.
CONCLUSION: The online "Toxic Table" forewarns clinicians, consumers and the DS industry by listing DS with case reports related to heart toxicity. It may also contribute to Phase IV post marketing surveillance to diminish adverse events that Government officials use to regulate DS.
PMID: 28981338 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Dietary Supplements)
Source: Journal of Dietary Supplements - October 7, 2017 Category: Nutrition Tags: J Diet Suppl Source Type: research
Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract: Safety assessment by acute and 14-day oral toxicity studies in rats and the Ames Test for mutagenicity
This study assessed the safety of a BOE standardized to 50% p-synephrine following short-term exposure to rats and by the Ames Test. Following 5000 mg/kg of the extract orally to female rats all animals survived. Administration at 2000 mg/kg to female rats for four days yielded no signs of toxicity. Five male and five female rats were administered the BOE at 0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day for 14 days. No significant effects were observed at any dose with respect to body weights, food intake, absolute and relative organ weights, hematology, clinical chemistry, and pathology. Two male rats died after 2000 mg/kg wit...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology - October 6, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Acute cardiovascular effects of bitter orange extract (p ‐synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine in human subjects: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study
The purpose was to examine cardiovascular responses to supplementation with p‐synephrine alone and in combination with caffeine during quiet sitting. Sixteen subjects were given (in double‐blind manner) either 103 mg of p‐synephrine (S), 233 mg of caffeine +104 mg of p‐synephrine (LC + S), 240 mg of caffeine (LC), 337 mg of caffeine +46 mg of p‐synephrine (HC + S), 325 mg of caffeine (HC), or a placebo. The subjects sat quietly for 3 hr while heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were measured. Only HC + S and HC significantly increased mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) during the second hour and tend...
Source: Phytotherapy Research - October 1, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nicholas A. Ratamess, Jill A. Bush, Sidney J. Stohs, Nicole L. Ellis, Ira T. Vought, Elizabeth A. O'Grady, Jeremy D. Kuper, Saif B. Hasan, Jie Kang, Avery D. Faigenbaum Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract: Safety assessment by acute and 14-day oral toxicity studies in rats and the Ames Test for mutagenicity.
This study assessed the safety of a BOE standardized to 50% p-synephrine following short-term exposure to rats and by the Ames Test. Following 5000 mg/kg of the extract orally to female rats all animals survived. Administration at 2000 mg/kg to female rats for four days yielded no signs of toxicity. Five male and five female rats were administered the BOE at 0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day for 14 days. No significant effects were observed at any dose with respect to body weights, food intake, absolute and relative organ weights, hematology, clinical chemistry, and pathology. Two male rats died after 2000 mg/kg wit...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - September 28, 2017 Category: Toxicology Authors: Deshmukh NS, Stohs SJ, Magar CC, Kadam SB Tags: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: research
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Essential Oil from Citrus
aurantium L. var. amara Engl
Journal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02586 (Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry)
Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry - September 25, 2017 Category: Food Science Authors: Chun-Yan Shen, Jian-Guo Jiang, Wei Zhu and Qin Ou-Yang Source Type: research
Safety, Efficacy, and Mechanistic Studies Regarding Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Extract and p ‐Synephrine
Citrus aurantium L. (bitter orange) extracts that contain p‐synephrine as the primary protoalkaloid are widely used for weight loss/weight management, sports performance, appetite control, energy, and mental focus and cognition. Questions have been raised about the safety of p‐synephrine because it has some structural similarity to ephedrine. This review focuses on current human, animal, in vitro, and mechanistic studies that address the safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of action of bitter orange extracts and p‐synephrine. Numerous studies have been conducted with respect to p‐synephrine and bitter orange extract b...
Source: Phytotherapy Research - July 28, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sidney J. Stohs Tags: Review Source Type: research
Comparison of the effect of lavender and bitter orange on sleep quality in postmenopausal women: a triple-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial.
CONCLUSION: The positive effect of bitter orange and lavender on sleep quality in postmenopausal women suggests that they can be used to improve sleep quality in such women.
PMID: 28749734 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Women and Health)
Source: Women and Health - July 27, 2017 Category: Primary Care Authors: Kamalifard M, Farshbaf Khalili A, Namadian M, Ranjbar Y, Herizchi S Tags: Women Health Source Type: research
Screening of furanocoumarin derivatives as cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors in citrus
This study clarified bergamottin and 6’,7’‐dihydroxybergamottin levels in the flesh and peel of hybrid citrus fruits. Several citrus have the potential to inhibit CYP3A4 based on the results of our study. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics)
Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - July 27, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: M. Masuda, S. Watanabe, M. Tanaka, A. Tanaka, H. Araki Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Various Antioxidant Effects Were Attributed to Different
Components in the Dried Blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl
Journal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02244 (Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry)
Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry - July 24, 2017 Category: Food Science Authors: Chun-Yan Shen, Tian-Xing Wang, Xi-Mei Zhang and Jian-Guo Jiang Source Type: research
The interaction of auraptene and other oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids with glucose transporter type 4
Conclusions : Among the compounds assayed, auraptene showed to possess potentialities to be a potent activator of both translocation of GLUT4 and glucose influx into skeletal muscle cells with the highest bioavailability among effective compounds. Its capacity to modulate sugar metabolism, coupled to its presence in edible Citrus fruits, can be regarded as an additional reason to account for the already known stimulating properties of some vegetable (e.g. bitter orange). Graphical abstract (Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - July 1, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium Linn. variant amara Engl
Publication date: August 2017 Source:Journal of Functional Foods, Volume 35 Author(s): Chun-Yan Shen, Jian-Guo Jiang, Ming-Qiang Li, Chao-Yang Zheng, Wei Zhu Two polysaccharides CAVAP-I and CAVAP-II from Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl showed significant structural differences. Average molecular weights of CAVAP-I and CAVAP-II were 10.5kDa and 4.5kDa. Triple-helix conformation existed in CAVAP-II rather than CAVAP-I. Arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose formed main components of CAVAP-I and CAVAP-II at different ratios. (1→3,6)-β-d-Gal and (1→5)-α-l-Ara composed the backbone of CAVAP-I and CAVAP-II. C...
Source: Journal of Functional Foods - June 5, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
