Obesity Phytotherapy: Review of Native Herbs Used in Traditional Medicine for Obesity
Obesity is an important disorders due to which 25 million deaths occur annually worldwide. Synthetic drugs for weight loss have low efficacy and high side effects. Apart from synthetic drugs in modern medicine, various other methods including the use of herbal medications are used to induce weight loss. Cambodia hoodia, green tea, Citrus aurantium, white beans, fenugreek, caffeine, ephedrine, capsaicin, yohimbine, chitosan, fitostreols, and guar gum have been studied in clinical trials and their effects have been confirmed. It seems necessary to study more to determine the effectiveness and safety of medicinal plants and h...
Source: Complementary Health Practice Review - May 25, 2016 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Bahmani, M., Eftekhari, Z., Saki, K., Fazeli-Moghadam, E., Jelodari, M., Rafieian-Kopaei, M. Tags: Topical Review Articles Source Type: research
The effects of tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae pericarpium) essential oils as glazing layer on freshness preservation of bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) during superchilling storage
Publication date: November 2016 Source:Food Control, Volume 69 Author(s): Qi He, Kaijun Xiao This work was aim to the application of tangerine peel essential oils (TPEOs) as glazing layer on fish preservation. In this paper, essential oils were respectively extracted from the peel of ponkan, bitter orange and sweet orange. Their compositions were analyzed using GC–MS method. Fresh sample of bream was immersed into different TPEO for the formation of glazing layers on the surface and stored at −1 ±0.2 °C for 25-days storage. A thorough study of freshness evaluation was carried out and statistics analysis was ...
Source: Food Control - May 20, 2016 Category: Food Science Source Type: research
Multicomponent, multitarget integrated adjustment – Metabolomics study of Qizhiweitong particles curing gastrointestinal motility disorders in mice induced by atropine
Conclusions This experiment deepened our understanding of insufficient gastrointestinal dynamics, confirmed that QZWT treating gastrointestinal disorders was through multicomponent, multitarget ways. These results fully reflect the multiple targets synergy characteristics of TCM. Graphical abstract (Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology - May 18, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
In vitro effect of seven essential oils on the reproduction of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus
Publication date: Available online 11 May 2016 Source:Journal of Advanced Research Author(s): Rafael Pazinato, Andréia Volpato, Matheus D. Baldissera, Roberto C.V. Santos, Dilmar Baretta, Rodrigo A. Vaucher, Janice L. Giongo, Aline A. Boligon, Lenita Moura Stefani, Aleksandro Schafer Da Silva The acaricidal effect of seven essential oils was examined in vitro against the cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus). Engorged female ticks were manually collected in farms of Southern Brazil and placed into petri dishes (n=10) in order to test the following oils: juniper (Juniperuscommunis), palmarosa (Cymbo...
Source: Journal of Advanced Research - May 11, 2016 Category: Research Source Type: research
Thermal inactivation kinetic of pectin methylesterase and cloud stability in sour orange juice
Publication date: September 2016 Source:Journal of Food Engineering, Volume 185 Author(s): Sara Aghajanzadeh, Aman Mohammad Ziaiifar, Mahdi Kashaninejad, Yahya Maghsoudlou, Ebrahim Esmailzadeh Heat treatment is a common method to improve cloud stability of high acid food products such as sour orange juice. Inactivation of pectin methylesterase enzyme (PME), naturally found in citrus, is known as a heat treatment index for these products. In this work, the kinetics of PME thermal inactivation and cloud stability in sour orange juice were investigated. The fresh sour orange juice was heated in a controlled wate...
Source: Journal of Food Engineering - May 2, 2016 Category: Food Science Source Type: research
Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for attenuation of CNS by aqueous extract from Citrus aurantium (CaL) flowers in rat
Abstract
Anxiety disorders have a relatively high prevalence in most countries. Chemical drugs used to treat anxiety have some unwanted side effects. Therefore, using medicinal plants is useful. Citrus aurantium L. (CaL) flowers are used in Iran to treat anxiety as a folk medicine. We investigated its anxiolytic and sedative effects. We used elevated plus maze and pentobarbital sodium sleeping time tests to evaluate the anxiolytic and sedative effects of CaL flowers on CNS, respectively. In addition, by using extracellular single unit recording technique, we evaluated the depressant action of CaL on neuro...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - April 6, 2016 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
New Dietary Supplements for Obesity: What We Currently Know
Abstract
Obesity and its associated cardiometabolic alterations currently are considered an epidemic; thus, their treatment is of major importance. The cornerstone for such treatment involves therapeutic lifestyle changes; however, the vast majority of cases fail and/or significant weight loss is maintained only in the short term because of lack of compliance. The popularity of dietary supplements for weight management has increased, and a wide variety of these products are available over the counter. However, the existing scientific evidence is insufficient to recommend their safe use. Hence, the purpose...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - April 5, 2016 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Source Type: research
Hesperetin Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells via the Inhibition of NF-κB and Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways
In this study, we investigated the protective effect of Hesp on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Our results indicated that Hesp treatment dramatically suppressed secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β; reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression; inhibited NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation; and blocked IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. Further studies revealed Hesp markedly enhanced the heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, which were involved w...
Source: Inflammation - March 19, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Application of a Quantitative HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for Flavonoids in Different Vegetables Matrices
Plant flavonoids have been increasingly studied for its importance in plant metabolism, inter-species interactions and human health-promoting effects. Each botanical species has a distinct flavonoid profile, and as such, this work aimed to develop and apply a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method to quantify specific flavonoids in different plants and parts. Six flavonoids (isoquercitrin, quercetin, naringin, naringenin, hesperidin and rutin), two isoflavonoids (daidzin and daidzein) and one coumarin (umbelliferone) were targeted. Calibrat...
Source: Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society - March 16, 2016 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research
Hepatoprotective effects of polymethoxyflavones against acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication.
Abstract
In the present study, we explore the protective effects of Citrus aurantium L. extract (CAE) against acute and chronic CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The quantitative analysis of CAE was performed using HPLC-UV to determine the nobiletin content was approximately 27%. For the acute model, the male ICR mice were orally treated with water, silymarin (positive control, 200 mg/kg) and CAE (50 and 200 mg/kg) for 3 days prior to CCl4 (1 mL/kg, 50% v/v in olive oil) IP injection. For the chronic model (n=6/group), the mice were treated with each treatment for 28 consecutive days and CCl4 (1 ml/kg, 20%) was...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - March 12, 2016 Category: Food Science Authors: Kim TW, Lee DR, Choi BK, Kang HK, Jung JY, Lim SW, Yang SH, Suh JW Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Safety of Oral p‐Synephrine (Bitter Orange) in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Cross‐over Clinical Trial
This study assessed the cardiovascular (stimulatory) effects of bitter orange extract (49‐mg p‐synephrine) given to 18 healthy subjects (nine men and nine women) in a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study. Heart rates, blood pressures, and electrocardiograms were determined at baseline, 30, 60, 90 min, 2, 4 , 6, and 8 h. Blood samples were drawn at baseline, 2 h and 8 h for serum chemistries, blood cell counts, and p‐synephrine and caffeine levels. No significant changes occurred in electrocardiograms, heart rates, systolic blood pressure, blood chemistries, or blood cell counts at any t...
Source: Phytotherapy Research - March 7, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mohd Shara, Sidney J. Stohs, Tareq L. Mukattash Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Adverse Effects of Plant Food Supplements and Plants Consumed as Food: Results from the Poisons Centres‐Based PlantLIBRA Study
Plant food supplements (PFS) are products of increasing popularity and wide‐spread distribution. Nevertheless, information about their risks is limited. To fill this gap, a poisons centres‐based study was performed as part of the EU project PlantLIBRA. Multicentre retrospective review of data from selected European and Brazilian poisons centres, involving human cases of adverse effects due to plants consumed as food or as ingredients of food supplements recorded between 2006 and 2010. Ten poisons centres provided a total of 75 cases. In 57 cases (76%) a PFS was involved; in 18 (24%) a plant was ingested as food. The 10...
Source: Phytotherapy Research - March 7, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Saskia Lüde, Sarah Vecchio, Sandra Sinno‐Tellier, Aymeric Dopter, Harriet Mustonen, Slavica Vucinic, Birgitta Jonsson, Dieter Müller, Ligia Veras Gimenez Fruchtengarten, Karl Hruby, Elizabeth De Souza Nascimento, Chiara Di Lorenzo, Patrizia Restani, H Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Molecules, Vol. 21, Pages 302: Chemical Evidence for Potent Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Citrus aurantium L. Dried Immature Fruits
Xanthine oxidase is a key enzyme which can catalyze hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid causing hyperuricemia in humans. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of 24 organic extracts of four species belonging to Citrus genus of the family Rutaceae were assayed in vitro. Since the ethyl acetate extract of C. aurantium dried immature fruits showed the highest xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, chemical evidence for the potent inhibitory activity was clarified on the basis of structure identification of the active constituents. Five flavanones and two polymethoxyflavones were isolated and evaluated for inhibitory activi...
Source: Molecules - March 2, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kun LiuWei WangBing-Hua GuoHua GaoYang LiuXiao-Hong LiuHui-Li YaoKun Cheng Tags: Article Source Type: research
Overview of regulation of dietary supplements in the USA and issues of adulteration with phenethylamines (PEAs)
This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
In this review, we describe how the U.S.A. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates dietary supplements within the framework provided by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act 1994 (DSHEA). Further, we review the presence of biologically active PEAs of natural and synthetic origin that have been indentified in products sold as dietary supplements. Finally, we describe recent regulatory actions against manufacturers of products containing PEAs to illustrate FDA's use of its authority to promote dietary supplement safety. (Source: Dr...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - February 29, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rahul S. Pawar, Erich Grundel Tags: Review Source Type: research
A Review of Natural Stimulant and Non‐stimulant Thermogenic Agents
Obesity and overweight are major health issues. Exercise and calorie intake control are recognized as the primary mechanisms for addressing excess body weight. Naturally occurring thermogenic plant constituents offer adjunct means for assisting in weight management. The controlling mechanisms for thermogenesis offer many intervention points. Thermogenic agents can act through stimulation of the central nervous system with associated adverse cardiovascular effects and through metabolic mechanisms that are non‐stimulatory or a combination thereof. Examples of stimulatory thermogenic agents that will be discussed include ep...
Source: Phytotherapy Research - February 1, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sidney J. Stohs, Vladimir Badmaev Tags: Review Source Type: research
