The action of p-synephrine on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and respiration occurs via both Ca(2+)-mobilization and cAMP production.
Abstract
Citrus aurantium extracts, which contain large amounts of p-synephrine, are widely used for weight loss purposes and as appetite suppressants. In the liver, C. aurantium (bitter orange) extracts affect hemodynamics, carbohydrate metabolism, and oxygen uptake. The purpose of the present work was to quantify the action of p-synephrine and also to obtain indications about its mechanism of action, a task that would be difficult to accomplish with C. aurantium extracts due to their rather complex composition. The experimental system was the isolated perfused rat liver. p-Synephrine significantly stimul...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - November 28, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: de Oliveira AL, Comar JF, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Peralta RM, Bracht A Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research
Protective effect of compounds from the flowers of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte injury.
This study was designed to investigate their protective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatocyte injury, using human hepatic cell line HL-7702 to determine the cell cytotoxicity, cell viability, levels of hepatic marker enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA). Results showed that pretreatment with HTF, LA could significantly reverse CCl4-induced HL-7702 cell viability decrease, LA displayed a higher activity. HTF, LA also showed their capability of decreasing the CCl4-induced leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), inhibiting the lipid peroxidation, HTF showed more significant...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - August 25, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Lu Q, Yang L, Zhao HY, Jiang JG Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: research
Proteome Analysis of the Anti-inflammatory Response of Flavonoids Isolated from Korean Citrus aurantium L. in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced L6 Rat Skeletal Muscle Cells.
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an important organ in our body and a dynamic composite of proteins. Citrus aurantium L. has been widely used in oriental medicine in Eastern Asia for a long time. It contains over 100 bioactive compounds and flavonoids that regulate the inflammatory response and tumorigenesis, through various mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated changes in the protein pattern using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF/MS) to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids isolated from Ko...
Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine - August 2, 2013 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Kim JA, Park HS, Park KI, Hong GE, Nagappan A, Zhang J, Han DY, Shin SC, Won CG, Kim EH, Kim GS Tags: Am J Chin Med Source Type: research
Investigating herb-drug interactions: the effect of Citrus aurantium fruit extract on the pharmacokinetics of amiodarone in rats.
Abstract
Citrus aurantium extract has been largely used in weight loss and sports performance dietary supplements. However, the safety of C. aurantium-containing products has been questioned mainly due to the association of its use with adverse events in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the potential for herb-drug interactions among a standardized C. aurantium extract (GMP certificate) and amiodarone (narrow therapeutic index drug) in rats. In a first pharmacokinetic study, rats were simultaneously co-administered with a single-dose of C. aurantium (164 mg/kg, p.o.) and amiod...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - July 22, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Rodrigues M, Alves G, Falcão A Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: research
Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Tunisian Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Peel and Juice and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities.
Abstract
Citrus aurantium peel and juice aroma compounds were investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), whereas phenolic compounds analysis was performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Limonene was the major volatile compound of bitter orange peel (90.25%) and juice (91.61%). HPLC analysis of bitter orange peel and juice methanolic extracts indicated that phenolic acids constitute their main phenolic class representing 73.80% and 71.25%, respectively, followed by flavonoids (23.02% and 23.13%, resp.). p-Coumaric and feruli...
Source: Biomed Res - July 11, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Jabri Karoui I, Marzouk B Tags: Biomed Res Int Source Type: research
Questionable Conclusions in the Article "Cardiovascular Toxicity of Citrus aurantium in Exercised Rats".
Conclusions in the Article "Cardiovascular Toxicity of Citrus aurantium in Exercised Rats".
Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2013 Jun;13(2):180-1
Authors: Stohs SJ
PMID: 23568750 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cardiovascular Toxicology)
Source: Cardiovascular Toxicology - May 24, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Stohs SJ Tags: Cardiovasc Toxicol Source Type: research
Citrus aurantium and Rhodiola rosea in combination reduce visceral white adipose tissue and increase hypothalamic norepinephrine in a rat model of diet-induced obesity
Abstract: Extracts from the immature fruit of Citrus aurantium are often used for weight loss but are reported to produce adverse cardiovascular effects. Root extracts of Rhodiola rosea have notable antistress properties. The hypothesis of these studies was that C aurantium (6% synephrine) and R rosea (3% rosavins, 1% salidroside) in combination would improve diet-induced obesity alterations in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. In normal-weight animals fed standard chow, acute administration of C aurantium (1-10 mg/kg) or R rosea (2-20 mg/kg) alone did not reduce deprivation-induced food intake, but C aurantium (5.6 mg/kg) +...
Source: Nutrition Research - May 10, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jessica L. Verpeut, Amy L. Walters, Nicholas T. Bello Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women
Conclusions:
METABO administration is a safe and effective adjunct to an eight-week diet and exercise weight loss program by augmenting improvements in body composition, waist and hip girth. Adherence to the eight-week weight loss program also led to beneficial changes in body fat in placebo. Ongoing studies to confirm these results and clarify the mechanisms (i.e., biochemical and neuroendocrine mediators) by which METABO exerts the observed salutary effects are being conducted. (Source: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition)
Source: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition - April 19, 2013 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Hector LopezTim ZiegenfussJennifer HofheinsScott HabowskiShawn ArentJoseph WeirArny Ferrando Source Type: research
New Insights Into Dietary Supplements Used In Sport: Active Substances, Pharmacological And Side Effects.
Abstract
As a society we are increasingly concerned about our physical appearance. For example, as much as 24% of people in developed countries admittedly exercise to improve their performance. Professional sportsmen and amateurs alike are in a constant search for new means that will enable them better sport results in shorter time. Among those means, a prominent place belongs to dietary supplements. However, the producers often advertise products whose use in sports is neither scientifically founded nor safe. This brings on an irrational use of herbal supplements which sometimes leads to unwanted side eff...
Source: Current Drug Targets - April 8, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Koncic MZ, Tomczyk M Tags: Curr Drug Targets Source Type: research
Antilisterial Effect of Essential Oil and Extracts of Poncirus trifoliate Rafin. Seeds
Abstract
The in vitro antilisterial potential of the essential oil and various organic extracts of Poncirus trifoliata Rafin. seed was evaluated. The oil and organic extracts of chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol revealed a remarkable antilisterial effect against all strains of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111, 19116, 19118, 19166 and 15313. Also, the oil had a strong detrimental effect on the viable count of the tested Listeria spp.
Practical ApplicationsMedicinal plants are natural resources, yielding valuable herbal products that are often used in the treatment of various ailments. Poncirus trifoliata Rafin. is...
Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry - April 1, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Atiqur Rahman, Sharif M. Al‐Reza, Sun Chul Kang Tags: Full Article Source Type: research
Citrus aurantium L. essential oil exhibits anxiolytic-like activity mediated by 5-HT1A-receptors and reduces cholesterol after repeated oral treatment
Conclusion:
This work contributes to a better understanding of the biological activity of C. aurantium EO by characterizing the mechanism of action underlying its anxiolytic-like activity. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - February 23, 2013 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Celso CostaThaís CuryBruna CassettariRegina TakahiraJorge FlórioMirtes Costa Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Toxicity of Citrus aurantium in Exercised Rats.
Abstract
When safety concerns forced the removal of ephedra from the market, other botanicals, including Citrus aurantium or bitter orange (BO) were used as replacements. A major component of the BO extract is synephrine, a chemical that is structurally similar to ephedrine. Because ephedrine has cardiovascular effects that may be exacerbated during physical exercise, the purpose of this study was to determine whether extracts containing synephrine produced adverse effects on the cardiovascular system in exercising rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed daily by gavage for 28 days with 10 or 50 mg of synep...
Source: Cardiovascular Toxicology - February 9, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hansen DK, George NI, White GE, Abdel-Rahman A, Pellicore LS, Fabricant D Tags: Cardiovasc Toxicol Source Type: research
A 60day double-blind, placebo-controlled safety study involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract.
Abstract
Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) extract and its primary protoalkaloid p-synephrine are widely consumed in dietary supplements for weight management and sports performance. p-Synephrine is also present in foods derived from a variety of Citrus species. Bitter orange extract is commonly used in combination with multiple herbal ingredients. Most clinical studies conducted on bitter orange extract alone have involved single doses. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of bitter orange extract (approximately 49mg p-synephrine) alone or in combination with naringin and hesperidin twice dai...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - January 25, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Kaats GR, Miller H, Preuss HG, Stohs SJ Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: research
Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Physiological Drop of Citrus Fruits
Abstract: The phytochemical content and the antioxidant activity (AA) of physiological drop of the main citrus species grown in China were investigated. Among the flavonoids, hesperidin was found mostly in mandarin and sweet orange, naringin was found mostly in sour orange, pummelo, grapefruit and a hybrid (Gaocheng), narirutin was found in most varieties, neohesperidin was found in Gaocheng and Huyou, and nobiletin and tangeretin were found in most varieties. Hydroxycinnamic acids were the main phenolic acids present, ferulic acid and caffeic acid were the dominant in most cases. There was a greater amount of free (ext...
Source: Journal of Food Science - January 9, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Yujing Sun, Liping Qiao, Yan Shen, Ping Jiang, Jianchu Chen, Xingqian Ye Source Type: research
Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Citrus aurantium l. flowers essential oil (Neroli oil).
In this study chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of neroli oil are investigated. The essential oil of fresh Citrus aurantium L. Flowers (Neroli oil) cultivated in North East of Tunisia (Nabeul) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. About 33 compounds were identified, representing 99% of the total oil. Limonene (27.5%) was the main component followed by (E)-nerolidol (17.5%), alpha-terpineol (14%), alpha-terpinyl acetate (11.7%) and (E, E)-farnesol (8%). Antimicrobial activity was determined by Agar-well-diffusion method against 6 bacteria (3 Gram-positive and 3 Gram-negative), 2 yeasts ...
Source: Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences: PJBS - November 1, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ammar AH, Bouajila J, Lebrihi A, Mathieu F, Romdhane M, Zagrouba F Tags: Pak J Biol Sci Source Type: research
