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Specialty: Neurology
Condition: Multiple Sclerosis

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Total 440 results found since Jan 2013.

Noninvasive spinal neuromodulation to map and augment lower urinary tract function in rhesus macaques.
Abstract Dysfunction of the lower urinary tract (LUT) is prevalent in neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, stroke, spinal cord injury and neurodegenerative conditions. Common symptoms include urgency, incontinence, and urinary retention. Recent advances in neuromodulation have resulted in improved treatments for overactive bladder symptoms of urgency, frequency, and nocturia. However, there are presently no treatments available for the induction of voiding to overcome urinary retention. We demonstrate that transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS), a non-invasive intervention, applied over the...
Source: Experimental Neurology - August 6, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Havton LA, Christe KL, Edgerton VR, Gad PN Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections
Semin Neurol 2019; 39: 383-390 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1687842Opportunistic infections of the central nervous system are classically associated with immunosuppression arising from infection with human immunodeficiency virus and with various hematologic malignancies. However, over the past few years, they are increasingly associated with transplantation and various immunosuppressive treatments used to treat autoimmune diseases. They cause significant morbidity and mortality and remain a diagnostic challenge due to the absence of typical signs and symptoms of infection and mimicry by various noninfectious causes. The pathogens a...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - August 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Agnihotri, Shruti P. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Monocyte Mobilisation, Microbiota & Mental Illness
Publication date: Available online 19 July 2019Source: Brain, Behavior, and ImmunityAuthor(s): Marcel van de Wouw, Marcus Boehme, Timothy G. Dinan, John F. CryanAbstractThe gastrointestinal microbiome has emerged as a key player in regulating brain and behaviour. This has led to the strategy of targeting the gut microbiota to ameliorate disorders of the central nervous system. Understanding the underlying signalling pathways in which the microbiota impacts these disorders is crucial for the development of future therapeutics for improving CNS functionality. One of the major pathways through which the microbiota influences ...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - July 20, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Monocyte Mobilisation, Microbiota & Mental Illness.
Monocyte Mobilisation, Microbiota & Mental Illness. Brain Behav Immun. 2019 Jul 19;: Authors: van de Wouw M, Boehme M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF Abstract The gastrointestinal microbiome has emerged as a key player in regulating brain and behaviour. This has led to the strategy of targeting the gut microbiota to ameliorate disorders of the central nervous system. Understanding the underlying signalling pathways in which the microbiota impacts these disorders is crucial for the development of future therapeutics for improving CNS functionality. One of the major pathways through which the microbiota influen...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - July 18, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: van de Wouw M, Boehme M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research

Engineering Biomaterial Microenvironments to Promote Myelination in the Central Nervous System.
Abstract Promoting remyelination and/or minimizing demyelination are key therapeutic strategies under investigation for diseases and injuries from multiple sclerosis (MS) to spinal cord injury, stroke, and virus-induced encephalopathy. Myelination is essential for efficacious neuronal signaling. This process is originated by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the central nervous system (CNS). Resident OPCs are capable of both proliferation and differentiation, and also migration to demyelinated injury sites. OPCs can then engage with these demyelinated axons and differentiate into myelin-forming oligodendr...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - July 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Unal DB, Caliari SR, Lampe KJ Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Multiple sclerosis and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke are two common causes of death and disability worldwide. The relationship between these two diseases remains unclear. Effective early preventative measures and treatments are...
Source: BMC Neurology - June 24, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Ye Hong, Huai Rong Tang, Mengmeng Ma, Ning Chen, Xin Xie and Li He Tags: Research article Source Type: research

Long-Term Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Human Gait: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: WBV training can be effective for improving balance and gait speed in the elderly. The intervention is also effective in improving walking performance following stroke and in patients with knee osteoarthrosis. However, no effect was found on gait quality in the elderly or on balance in stroke and multiple sclerosis patients. The results are too heterogenous in COPD to conclude on the effect of the treatment.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - June 18, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Post-ictal Cotard delusion in focal epilepsy patients
Cotard delusion is a nihilistic delusion that presents as denial of self-existence and is a rare neuropsychiatric phenomenon associated with diverse neurologic or psychiatric disorders [1]. Various case reports and case series have indicated associations between Cotard delusion and neurologic or psychiatric diseases; these include depression, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and Parkinson ’s disease [1]. However, there have been few reports of Cotard delusion in epilepsy patients [2].
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - June 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Young Eun Gil, Jun Young Choi, Tae Joon Kim, Sun Ah Park, Kyoon Huh Source Type: research

Consensus Paper: Experimental Neurostimulation of the Cerebellum
We report on the most advanced techniques for manipulating cerebellar circuits in humans and animal models and define key hurdles and questions for moving forward.
Source: The Cerebellum - June 3, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

New Studies in Neurology: April 2019 New Studies in Neurology: April 2019
Dr Christoph Diener discusses new studies in neurology investigating acute ischemic stroke, carotid stenosis, migraine, multiple sclerosis, and cognitive decline.Medscape Neurology
Source: Medscape Neurology and Neurosurgery Headlines - May 7, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Neurology & Neurosurgery Commentary Source Type: news

Correlation Between Intracranial Arterial Calcification and Imaging of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Conclusion: Intracranial artery calcification is common in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and the intracranial carotid artery is most frequently affected. Intracranial arterial calcifications might be associated with imaging markers of SVD and are highly correlated with WMHs, lacunes, and CMBs. Quantification of calcification on CT provides additional information on the pathophysiology of SVD. Intracranial arterial calcification could act as a potential marker of SVD. Introduction Atherosclerosis is a systemic vascular process that is considered a major cause of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular di...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

More Research Is Needed on Lifestyle Behaviors That Influence Progression of Parkinson's Disease
This article highlights some of these challenges in the design of lifestyle studies in PD, and suggests a more coordinated international effort is required, including ongoing longitudinal observational studies. In combination with pharmaceutical treatments, healthy lifestyle behaviors may slow the progression of PD, empower patients, and reduce disease burden. For optimal care of people with PD, it is important to close this gap in current knowledge and discover whether such associations exist. Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related complex progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with key p...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Distillation of Posterior Fossa Demyelination in Acute Vestibular Syndrome: the Eyes Have It
AbstractSeparating the etiologies of an acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) of central origin is a clinical challenge; the common causes include (1) stroke of the brainstem/cerebellum and (2) demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Overshadowed by the vascular etiologies, the literature describing AVS due to demyelinating disorders has been growing through the last decade. The discovery of IgG-NMO, a specific pathogenic antibody directed against the astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4), has improved the differential diagnoses between MS and NMOSD. AQP4 ...
Source: The Cerebellum - April 26, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Robot-Assisted Therapy in Upper Extremity Hemiparesis: Overview of an Evidence-Based Approach
Conclusion Robotic therapy has matured and represents an embodiment of a paradigm shift in neurorehabilitation following a stroke: instead of focusing on compensation, it affords focus in ameliorating the impaired limb in line with concepts of neuroplasticity. This technology-based treatment provides intensity, interactivity, flexibility, and adaptiveness to patient's performance and needs. Furthermore, it increases the productivity of rehabilitation care. Of course, efficiency must be discussed within a local perspective. For example, following the cost containment shown in the VA ROBOTICS study (46), the UK Nati...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research