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Condition: Autoimmune Disease

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Total 584 results found since Jan 2013.

Impact of COVID-19 on the cerebrovascular system and the prevention of RBC lysis.
Authors: Akhter N, Ahmad S, Alzahrani FA, Dar SA, Wahid M, Haque S, Bhatia K, Sr Almalki S, Alharbi RA, Sindi AAA Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) uses Angiotensin- converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors to infect host cells which may lead to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Given the presence of ACE2 receptors in the brain and the critical role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in brain functions, special attention to brain microcirculation and neuronal inflammation is warranted during COVID-19 treatment. Neurological complications reported among COVID-19 patients range from mi...
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - October 23, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for secondary prevention of stroke and other thromboembolic events in people with antiphospholipid syndrome.
CONCLUSIONS: The evidence identified indicates that NOACs compared with standard-dose VKAs may increase the risk of stroke and do not appear to alter the risk of other outcomes (moderate-certainty evidence). Using high-dose VKA versus standard-dose VKA did not alter the risk of any thromboembolic event or major bleeding but may increase the risk of any form of bleeding (low-certainty evidence). Standard-dose VKA combined with an AP agent compared with standard-dose VKA alone may increase the risk of any thromboembolic event and does not appear to alter the risk of major bleeding or other outcomes (low-certainty evidence). ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 12, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Bala MM, Celinska-Lowenhoff M, Szot W, Padjas A, Kaczmarczyk M, Swierz MJ, Undas A Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

High Prevalence of Moyamoya Syndrome in Appalachia
Conclusions: Moyamoya accounts for a substantial number of stroke admissions in Kentucky; these patients were more likely to develop an ischemic stroke rather than a hemorrhagic stroke. Autoimmune disorders were more prevalent in moyamoya patients than in the general population. The reduced frequency of traditional stroke risk factors within the Appalachian group suggests an etiology distinct to the population.Cerebrovasc Dis
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases - October 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pharmacological and cardiovascular perspectives on the treatment of COVID-19 with chloroquine derivatives.
Abstract The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and an ongoing severe pandemic. Curative drugs specific for COVID-19 are currently lacking. Chloroquine phosphate and its derivative hydroxychloroquine, which have been used in the treatment and prevention of malaria and autoimmune diseases for decades, were found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection with high potency in vitro and have shown clinical and virologic benefits in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, chloroquine phosphate was first used in the treatment of COVID-19 in China. Later, under a lim...
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - September 22, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zhang XL, Li ZM, Ye JT, Lu J, Ye LL, Zhang CX, Liu PQ, Duan DD Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

Interleukin-17 and ischemic stroke.
Abstract Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine family that includes 6 members, IL-17A through IL-17F, most of them are reported to have pro-inflammatory role. Through binding to their receptors (IL-17Rs), IL-17 activates the intracellular signaling pathways to play an important role in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Ischemic stroke is a complex pathophysiological process mainly caused by regional cerebral ischemia. Inflammatory factors contribute to the physiological process of stroke that leads to poor prognosis. IL-17 plays a crucial role in promoting inflamm...
Source: Immunology - September 15, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zhang Q, Liao Y, Liu Z, Dai Y, Li Y, Li Y, Tang Y Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

CADASIL vs. Multiple Sclerosis: Is It Misdiagnosis or Concomitant? A Case Series
Conclusion: Since CADASIL is a rare disease, it is imperative to raise awareness of its unique clinical condition as well as variation in its clinical presentations. It is crucial that the overlapping symptoms between MS and CADASIL be thoroughly examined to avoid misdiagnosis and treatment complications. The involvement of autoimmune mechanisms in CADASIL and the role of NOTCH3 gene mutations in provoking an autoimmune process should be further investigated.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - September 3, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Atrial Fibrillation and Dementia.
Abstract Atrial fibrillation is associated with multiple adverse comorbidities, including the development of dementia in patients with and without a history of stroke. Mechanistic models have been proposed to explain the association of AF and dementia. Alterations of brain perfusion from embolic events, bleeding, and rhythm-related hypoperfusion underlie many of these models. Multiple mediators such as oxidative injury, inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms, and genetic predisposition also interplay in the disease association. There are potential therapeutic opportunities to reduce dementia risk, including early ...
Source: Circulation - August 17, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bunch TJ Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

En mann i 50- årene med kronisk diaré og vekttap.
We present a possibly underappreciated cause which usually responds well to treatment; left untreated it may have a severe course. CASE PRESENTATION: A man in his fifties with known coronary and cerebrovascular disease was admitted for watery diarrhoea. Prerenal kidney failure occurred on the same day as the initial colonoscopy. The next day he suffered a stroke. He was anticoagulated and recovered within days. In the following months his state of malabsorption continued, with ultimately 50 % weight loss (BMI 14.7) and severe electrolyte disturbances. Intravenous electrolyte solutions and nutrition were administered....
Source: Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening - August 17, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sarna VK, Lunding J, Løberg EM, Solberg IC Tags: Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen Source Type: research

Potentially Reversible and Recognizable Acute Encephalopathic Syndromes: Disease Categorization and MRI Appearances ADULT BRAIN
SUMMARY: "Encephalopathy" is a vague term that encompasses varying definitions, often with a nonspecific clinical presentation and numerous possible pathophysiologic causes. Hence, MR imaging plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and treatment by identifying imaging patterns when there is limited clinical history in such patients with acute encephalopathy. The aim of this review was to aid in remembrance of etiologies of potentially reversible acute encephalopathic syndromes on MR imaging. The differential includes vascular (reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, transient global amnesia, disseminated intrava...
Source: American Journal of Neuroradiology - August 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Authors: Koksel, Y., McKinney, A. M. Tags: ADULT BRAIN Source Type: research

Case Report: Α Case of Endocarditis and Embolic Stroke in a Child, Suggestive of Acute Q Fever Infection.
Abstract Acute Q fever is usually asymptomatic or is associated with a mild self-limited course and a favorable outcome. The occurrence of endocarditis during acute infection by Coxiella burnetii is an emerging clinical entity observed in adults that has been attributed to an autoimmune complication of early infection. Herein, we report the first case of a previously healthy 2-year-old child with endocarditis complicated by septic embolic stroke, in which the identified microbiological evidence was suggestive of acute rather than chronic C. burnetii infection. The development of endocarditis in this case occurred ...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 2, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Bitsori M, Vergadi E, Germanakis I, Raissaki M, Galanakis E Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

The NMDA Receptor Antibody Paradox: A Possible Approach to Developing Immunotherapies Targeting the NMDA Receptor
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) play a key role in brain development and function, including contributing to the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. Immunization against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR and the production of GluN1 antibodies is associated with neuroprotective and seizure-protective effects in rodent models of stroke and epilepsy, respectively. Whilst these data suggest the potential for the development of GluN1 antibody therapy, paradoxically GluN1 autoantibodies in humans are associated with the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. This review discusses pos...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Melatonin improves memory defects in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis by up-regulating cAMP-response element-binding protein and synapse-associated proteins in the prefrontal cortex.
Abstract Multiple sclerosis is a progressive autoimmune disorder of the myelin sheath and is the most common inflammatory disease of young adults. Up to 65% of multiple sclerosis patients have cognitive impairments such as memory loss and difficulty in understanding and maintaining attention and concentration. Many pharmacological interventions have been used to reverse motor impairments in multiple sclerosis patients; however, none of these drugs improve cognitive function. Melatonin can diffuse through the blood-brain barrier and has well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with almost no side eff...
Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience - June 29, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Alghamdi BS, AboTaleb HA Tags: J Integr Neurosci Source Type: research

Risk factors of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after acute ischemic stroke treated with tissue-type plasminogen activator. The effectiveness of activated recombinant factor VII treatment.
Conclusion: The inclusion/exclusion criteria of tPA were based on the AHA/ASA Guidelines for the early management of patients with AIS.These patients had no evidence of infections, bronchoscopy, autoimmune diseases, HIV, and transplantations. Our study suggests that systemic administration of rFVIIa for DAH is effective. Emphysema may be a risk factor for the development of DAH following tPA. When we use tPA for emphysema patients, we must be careful about DAH enough. PMID: 32547816 [PubMed]
Source: Surgical Neurology International - June 19, 2020 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Surg Neurol Int Source Type: research

Antiphospholipid Syndrome is still a rare disease: the estimated prevalence in Piedmont and Aosta Valley
AbstractWe read with interest the recent article by Duarte ‐García, A. et al. where they reported an estimated prevalence of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) of 50 cases per 100,000 population. APS is an autoimmune disorder characterized by thrombotic events, pregnancy morbidity, or both in the presence of persistent positivity for antiphospholipid an tibodies (aPL). While APS is often held as the most common acquired thrombophilia, the global incidence and the prevalence of APS in the general population still need to be fully elucidated. Some reports estimate an incidence of 5 cases per 100,000 persons per year and ...
Source: Arthritis and Rheumatology - June 16, 2020 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Massimo Radin, Savino Sciascia, Mario Bazzan, Tiziana Bertero, Renato Carignola, Barbara Montaruli, Antonella Vaccarino, Erika Montabone, Irene Cecchi, Elena Rubini, Dario Roccatello, Simone Baldovino, on behalf of the Piedmont, Aosta Valley APS Consortiu Tags: LETTER TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research

The rare case of a 20-year-old male with rapidly progressive primary angiitis of the CNS with a good outcome
We describe the treatment and outcome of a patient with rapidly progressive PACNS who returned to his premorbid baseline with an mRS of 0.
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - June 8, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Graham, E., Shoemaker, T., Stefoski, D., Kontzialis, M., Naumaan, A., Garg, R. K. Tags: Stroke in young adults, Other cerebrovascular disease/ Stroke, Autoimmune diseases, Vasculitis, Critical care Clinical/Scientific Notes Source Type: research