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Predictors of Mortality among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 during the First Wave in India: A Multisite Case-Control Study
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2023 Mar 13:tpmd220705. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0705. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) has caused more than 6 million deaths globally. Understanding predictors of mortality will help in prioritizing patient care and preventive approaches. This was a multicentric, unmatched, hospital-based case-control study conducted in nine teaching hospitals in India. Cases were microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 patients who died in the hospital during the period of study and controls were microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 patients who were discharged ...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Anand Krishnan Rakesh Kumar Ritvik Amarchand Anant Mohan Ravi Kant Ankit Agarwal Poorvi Kulshreshtha Prasan Kumar Panda Ajeet Singh Bhadoria Neeraj Agarwal Bijit Biswas Rathish Nair Naveet Wig Rajesh Malhotra Sushma Bhatnagar Richa Aggarwal Kapil Dev Soni Source Type: research

Lateral Flow Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assays for the Detection of Human Plasmodium Species
This study highlights the development of two lateral flow recombinase polymerase amplification assays for the diagnosis of human malaria. The lateral flow cassettes contained test lines that captured biotin-, 6-carboxyfluorescein, digoxigenin-, cyanine 5-, and dinitrophenyl-labeled amplicons. The overall process can be completed in 30 minutes. Recombinase polymerase amplification coupled with lateral flow had a detection limit of 1 copy/µL for Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium falciparum. No cross-reactivity was observed among nonhuman malaria parasites such as Plasmodium coatneyi, Plasmodium cynomolgi...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Meng Yee Lai Mohd Abdul Hamid Jenarun Jelip Rose Nani Mudin Yee Ling Lau Source Type: research

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction from Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests to Detect Borrelia crocidurae, the Agent of Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever, in Febrile Patients in Senegal
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2023 Mar 13:tpmd220342. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0342. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn endemic malaria areas, Plasmodium is currently diagnosed mainly through the use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). However, in Senegal, many causes of fever remain unknown. Tick-borne relapsing fever, an often-neglected public health problem, is the main cause of consultation for acute febrile illness after malaria and flu in rural areas. Our objective was to test the feasibility of extracting and amplifying DNA fragments by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) from malaria-negative RDTs for Plasmodium falciparum...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ndiaye El Hadji Ibrahima Georges Diatta Diarra Adama Zan Hubert Bassene Cheikh Sokhna Philippe Parola Source Type: research

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Testing and Treatment at a Tertiary Hospital in Zambia
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2023 Mar 13:tpmd220689. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0689. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGlobally, tuberculosis (TB) testing and treatment have declined dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. We quantified the change in TB visits, testing, and treatment compared with a 12-month pre-pandemic baseline at the national referral hospital's TB Clinic in Lusaka, Zambia, in the first year of the pandemic. We stratified the results into early and later pandemic periods. In the first 2 months of the pandemic, the mean number of monthly TB clinic visits, prescriptions, and positive TB polymerase chain reaction (PCR) t...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Joelle I Rosser Christabel Phiri Juliette T Bramante Sombo Fwoloshi Chipepo Kankasa Patrick Lungu Raphael Chanda Peter Chipimo Lloyd Mulenga Cassidy W Claassen Duncan Chanda Source Type: research

Quantitative Morphometry and Machine Learning Model to Explore Duodenal and Rectal Mucosal Tissue of Children with Environmental Enteric Dysfunction
This study explored the duodenal and colonic tissues of children with EED, celiac disease, and other enteropathies using quantitative mucosal morphometry, histopathologic scoring indices, and machine learning-based image analysis from archival and prospective cohorts of children from Pakistan and the United States. We observed villus blunting as being more prominent in celiac disease than in EED, as shorter lengths of villi were observed in patients with celiac disease from Pakistan than in those from the United States, with median (interquartile range) lengths of 81 (73, 127) µm and 209 (188, 266) µm, respectively. Addi...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Marium Khan Zehra Jamil Lubaina Ehsan Fatima Zulqarnain Sanjana Srivastava Saman Siddiqui Philip Fernandes Muhammad Raghib Saurav Sengupta Zia Mujahid Zubair Ahmed Romana Idrees Sheraz Ahmed Fayaz Umrani Najeeha Iqbal Christopher Moskaluk Shyam Raghavan L Source Type: research

Detection of Sporadic Outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever in Uganda through the National Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Surveillance System, 2017-2020
We report 52 human cases of laboratory-confirmed RVF from 2017 to 2020. The case fatality rate was 42%. Among those infected, 92% were males and 90% were adults (≥ 18 years). Clinical symptoms were characterized by fever (69%), unexplained bleeding (69%), headache (51%), abdominal pain (49%), and nausea and vomiting (46%). Most of the cases (95%) originated from central and western districts that are part of the cattle corridor of Uganda, where the main risk factor was direct contact with livestock (P = 0.009). Other predictors of RVF positivity were determined to be male gender (P = 0.001) and being a butcher (P = 0.04)...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Luke Nyakarahuka Shannon Whitmer John Klena Stephen Balinandi Emir Talundzic Alex Tumusiime Jackson Kyondo Sophia Mulei Ketan Patel Jimmy Baluku Gloria Akurut Diana Namanya Kilama Kamugisha Caitlin Cossaboom Amy Whitesell Carson Telford James Graziano Joe Source Type: research

Case Report: A Case of Post-Transplant Chagas Reactivation after Negative Trypanosoma cruzi Testing
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2023 Mar 13:tpmd220313. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0313. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPatients with Chagas cardiomyopathy carry a significant risk of reactivation after heart transplantation. Reactivation of Chagas disease can lead to graft failure or systemic complications such as fulminant central nervous system disease and sepsis. As such, careful screening for Chagas seropositivity prior to transplant is crucial to preventing negative outcomes in the post-transplant setting. One challenge in screening these patients is the variety of laboratory tests available and their differing sensitivities and specif...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Omar Shakhtour Tsion Aberra Huzaifa Ahmad Abhinav Saxena Imad Isaac Namratha Meda Ritika Gadodia Rachel Marcus Source Type: research

Case Report: Cranial Tuberculosis in a Patient without Tuberculosis Foci Elsewhere in the Body
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2023 Mar 13:tpmd220646. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0646. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCranial tuberculosis is a relatively infrequent inflammatory reaction caused by tuberculous bacilli invading the skull. Most cases of cranial tuberculosis are secondary to tuberculosis foci in other parts of the body; primary cranial tuberculosis is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of primary cranial tuberculosis. A 50-year-old man presented to our hospital with a mass in the right frontotemporal region. Chest computed tomography and abdominal ultrasonography findings were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the b...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Yulin Cen Jiaqi Li Guiyuan Wang Shenjie Li Wei Xiang Jie Zhou Ligang Chen Source Type: research

Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Peripheral Blood Tests of COVID-19 and Influenza B Patients
This study aimed to investigate the differences in clinical features and routine peripheral blood testing between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and influenza B infection. Patients with COVID-19 and influenza B admitted to our fever clinic from January 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022 were recruited. A total of 607 patients were included (301 with COVID-19 infection and 306 with influenza B infection). The results of a statistical analysis showed that 1) patients with COVID-19 infection were older and had a lower temperature and shorter duration from fever onset to clinic visit than patients with influenza B infecti...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Shan Yu Source Type: research

Emerging Maripa Hantavirus as a Potential Cause of a Severe Health Threat in French Guiana
We describe the clinical parameters and management of nine confirmed cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome reported in French Guiana since 2008. All patients were admitted to Cayenne Hospital. Seven patients were men and the mean age was 48 years (range, 19-71 years). Two phases characterized the disease. The prodromal phase was characterized by fever (77.8%), myalgia (66.7%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting and diarrhea; 55.6%) starting, on average, 5 days before the illness phase, which was characterized by respiratory failure in all patients. Five patients died (55.6%) and the length of stay in the intensive ca...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: S éverine Matheus St éphanie Houcke Guy Roger Lontsi Ngoula Pablo Lecaros Jean Marc Pujo Nicolas Higel Absetou Ba Fabrice Cook Patrick Djahi Dabor Resiere Didier Hommel Anne Lavergne Hatem Kallel Source Type: research

High Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Iranian Hemodialysis Patients
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2023 Mar 13:tpmd220345. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0345. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTConsidering the potential risks associated with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, this study was designed to investigate the magnitude and genotypic pattern of occult HBV infection among hemodialysis patients. All patients on regular hemodialysis attending the dialysis centers located in southern Iran and 277 nonhemodialysis controls were invited to participate in this study. Serum samples were tested for detection of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by competitive enzyme imm...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Fatemeh Farshadpour Reza Taherkhani Athar Shahabi Source Type: research

Case Report: An Unusual Case of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis with Distinctive Clinical and Neuroimaging Features
In conclusion, in this report, we described an unusual case of acute fulminant SSPE in which neuroimaging demonstrated unusual multiple small discrete cystic lesions in the cortical white matter. The pathological nature of these cystic lesions currently is not clear and needs to be explored.PMID:36913931 | DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.22-0731 (Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ravindra Kumar Garg Shweta Pandey Harish Nigam D B Keerthiraj Imran Rizvi Neeraj Kumar Ravi Uniyal Hardeep Singh Malhotra Praveen Kumar Sharma Source Type: research