Social Demographic Characteristics Associated with Visceral Leishmaniasis in West Pokot, Kenya
This study aimed to determine the social demographic characteristics associated with visceral leishmaniasis in West Pokot of Kenya. A mixed-methods research design was adopted where household questionnaires and key informant interviews were administered. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 22, and qualitative data were analyzed to establish patterns for interpretation. Male children aged 10 years or younger were the most infected by Leishmania donovani in the community. The hospital record indicated that 60% of previously treated visceral leishmaniasis patients were severely malnourished during admission. Ris...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 26, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Bulle Abdullahi Joshua Mutiso Michael Gicheru Source Type: research

Snakebite-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The objective of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of snakebite infections and characterize the bacteria isolated from these infections. A systematic literature review in five databases was carried out to assess the prevalence of snakebite infection. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% CIs. Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistic were used to assess between-study heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence of infection due to snakebite was 27.0% (95% CI: 22.0-32.0%), with high heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 99.7%). The prevalence was higher in...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana Jorge Luis Bonilla-Aldana Juan R Ulloque-Badaracco Ali Al-Kassab-C órdova Enrique A Hernandez-Bustamante Esteban A Alarcon-Braga Abdelmonem Siddiq Vicente A Benites-Zapata Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales Camila Luna Jose A Suarez Source Type: research

Evaluation of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test Performance and pfhrp2 Deletion in Tanzania School Surveys, 2017
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Mar 19:tpmd230771. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0771. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAs part of malaria nationwide monitoring and evaluation initiatives, there is an increasing trend of incorporating malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) in surveys conducted within primary schools to detect malaria parasites. However, mRDTs based on the detection of histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) are known to yield false-positive results due to persistent antigenemia, and false-negative results may result from low parasitemia or Plasmodium falciparum hrp2/3 gene deletion. We evaluated diagnostic performance of an HRP2 and...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Billy Ngasala Frank Chacky Ally Mohamed Fabrizio Molteni Ssanyu Nyinondi Bilali Kabula Humphrey Mkali Kyaw Thwai Zachary R Popkin-Hall Cedar Mitchell Jonathan B Parr Jonathan J Juliano Jessica T Lin Source Type: research

Characterization of Weissella Species during a 3-Year Observational Study - An Emerging Threat
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the demographic pattern, presenting symptoms, risk factors, associated pathologies, and clinical outcomes in patients with Weissella infection. We also analyzed the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Weissella species isolated. This retrospective observational study was done from January 2021 to August 2023 in a tertiary care referral center in Uttar Pradesh. All Weissella species isolated from blood cultures or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples during this period were included in the study. Twenty-four-hour growth from a positive blood culture or CSF sample was identified by matri...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ashima Jamwal Gerlin Varghese Deepika Sarawat Nidhi Tejan Sangram Singh Patel Chinmoy Sahu Source Type: research

Ornithonyssus bacoti Dermatitis Incorrectly Diagnosed as Delusional Parasitosis
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Mar 19:tpmd230747. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0747. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38507801 | DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.23-0747 (Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Yangyang Ma Wenting Hu Source Type: research

Efficacy of Single-Dose Azithromycin for Ocular Chlamydial Infection: A Longitudinal Study
In this study, four villages in Niger received a mass azithromycin distribution for trachoma. All 426 children aged 0-5 years residing in the study villages were offered conjunctival swabbing every 6 months to test for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis. Among the children infected with ocular Chlamydia before treatment, 6% (95% CI: 2-15%) tested positive for ocular Chlamydia infection 6 months later, and 15% (95% CI: 7-28%) tested positive 12 months later. The most important predictor of post-treatment ocular Chlamydia infection was pretreatment ocular Chlamydia infection (relative risk: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.3-9.4). Although the 6-mo...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Neha Pondicherry Amza Abdou Boubacar Kadri Beido Nassirou Sun Y Cotter Nicole E Varnado Travis C Porco Sheila K West Thomas M Lietman Jeremy D Keenan Source Type: research

Changes in Anti-OV-16 IgG4 Responses to Onchocerciasis after Elimination of Transmission in the Central Endemic Zone of Guatemala
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Mar 19:tpmd230473. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0473. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCurrent WHO guidelines for onchocerciasis elimination provide requirements for stopping mass drug administration of ivermectin and the verification of elimination of transmission. These guidelines also recommend post-elimination surveillance (PES) based on entomological surveys. Serological markers in humans could complement entomological PES once the longevity of anti-OV-16 antibody responses is better understood. In 2014-2015 we evaluated ELISA anti-OV-16 IgG4 antibody persistence among previously seropositive people from...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Vitaliano A Cama Renata Mendizabal-Cabrera Oscar de Leon Michael White Circe McDonald Elizabeth Thiele Guilherme M Ogawa Zoraida Morales Jessica Prince-Guerra Paul Cantey Nidia Rizzo Source Type: research

Antibiotic Therapy and Prophylaxis for Snake-Bitten Patients
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Mar 19:tpmd240033. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0033. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38507806 | DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.24-0033 (Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Hatem Kallel Jean Marc Pujo Dabor Resiere Source Type: research

Lack of Association of TLR1 and TLR5 Coding Variants with Mortality in a Large Multicenter Cohort of Melioidosis Patients
The objective of this study was to externally validate the associations of rs76600635 and rs5744168 with bacteremia and mortality in a large multicenter cohort of melioidosis patients. We genotyped rs76600635 and rs5744168 in 1,338 melioidosis patients enrolled in a prospective parent cohort study conducted at nine hospitals in northeastern Thailand. The genotype frequencies of rs76600635 did not differ by bacteremia status (P = 0.27) or 28-day mortality (P = 0.84). The genotype frequencies of rs5744168 did not differ by either bacteremia status (P = 0.46) or 28-day mortality (P = 0.10). Assuming a dominant genetic model, ...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Thatcha Yimthin Rungnapa Phunpang Shelton W Wright Ekkachai Thiansukhon Seksan Chaisuksant Ploenchan Chetchotisakd Kittisak Tanwisaid Somchai Chuananont Chumpol Morakot Narongchai Sangsa Wirayut Silakun Sunee Chayangsu Noppol Buasi Ganjana Lertmemongkolch Source Type: research

Serological Responses to Trachoma Antigens prior to the Start of Mass Drug Administration: Results from Population-Based Baseline Surveys, North Darfur, Sudan
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Mar 19:tpmd230608. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0608. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAfter years of programmatic inaccessibility, in 2019-2020 the Sudan Federal Ministry of Health Trachoma Control Program conducted population-based trachoma surveys in three localities (districts) in North Darfur state, Sudan. These baseline surveys were to determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) among children aged 1-9 years and to further use serological markers to understand the historical trachoma burden within this mass drug administration (MDA)-naive area. Trained and certified graders col...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Angelia M Sanders Balgesa E Elshafie Zeinab Abdalla Courtney Simmons Erica Brook Goodhew Tania A Gonzalez Andrew W Nute Atif Mohammed Elizabeth Kelly Callahan Diana L Martin Scott D Nash Source Type: research

Clinical Manifestations of Dengue in Children and Adults in a Hyperendemic Region of Colombia
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Mar 19:tpmd230717. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0717. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDengue is the most common arboviral disease in the world. Traditionally, it has affected more adults, but the incidence in children has increased in recent years. Colombia is no stranger to this change; therefore, we aimed to find the differences in signs, symptoms, and clinical, hematological, and hemogram characteristics between children under 12 years old and individuals aged 12 years and older in an endemic region of Colombia in 2020-2022. The analyses were conducted with baseline data, corresponding to a cross-sectiona...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Jorge Emilio Salazar Fl órez Katerine Mar ín Velasquez Ángela María Segura Cardona Berta Nelly Restrepo Jaramillo Yuris Esther Ortega D íaz Luz Stella Giraldo Cardona Margarita Arboleda Naranjo Source Type: research

Snakebite-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The objective of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of snakebite infections and characterize the bacteria isolated from these infections. A systematic literature review in five databases was carried out to assess the prevalence of snakebite infection. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% CIs. Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistic were used to assess between-study heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence of infection due to snakebite was 27.0% (95% CI: 22.0-32.0%), with high heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 99.7%). The prevalence was higher in...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana Jorge Luis Bonilla-Aldana Juan R Ulloque-Badaracco Ali Al-Kassab-C órdova Enrique A Hernandez-Bustamante Esteban A Alarcon-Braga Abdelmonem Siddiq Vicente A Benites-Zapata Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales Camila Luna Jose A Suarez Source Type: research

Evaluation of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test Performance and pfhrp2 Deletion in Tanzania School Surveys, 2017
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Mar 19:tpmd230771. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0771. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAs part of malaria nationwide monitoring and evaluation initiatives, there is an increasing trend of incorporating malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) in surveys conducted within primary schools to detect malaria parasites. However, mRDTs based on the detection of histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) are known to yield false-positive results due to persistent antigenemia, and false-negative results may result from low parasitemia or Plasmodium falciparum hrp2/3 gene deletion. We evaluated diagnostic performance of an HRP2 and...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Billy Ngasala Frank Chacky Ally Mohamed Fabrizio Molteni Ssanyu Nyinondi Bilali Kabula Humphrey Mkali Kyaw Thwai Zachary R Popkin-Hall Cedar Mitchell Jonathan B Parr Jonathan J Juliano Jessica T Lin Source Type: research

Characterization of Weissella Species during a 3-Year Observational Study - An Emerging Threat
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the demographic pattern, presenting symptoms, risk factors, associated pathologies, and clinical outcomes in patients with Weissella infection. We also analyzed the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Weissella species isolated. This retrospective observational study was done from January 2021 to August 2023 in a tertiary care referral center in Uttar Pradesh. All Weissella species isolated from blood cultures or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples during this period were included in the study. Twenty-four-hour growth from a positive blood culture or CSF sample was identified by matri...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ashima Jamwal Gerlin Varghese Deepika Sarawat Nidhi Tejan Sangram Singh Patel Chinmoy Sahu Source Type: research

Ornithonyssus bacoti Dermatitis Incorrectly Diagnosed as Delusional Parasitosis
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Mar 19:tpmd230747. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0747. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38507801 | DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.23-0747 (Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 20, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Yangyang Ma Wenting Hu Source Type: research