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Infectious Disease: Parasitic Diseases

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Total 613 results found since Jan 2013.

Regulatory T cells in Helminth Infection: Induction, Function and Therapeutic Potential.
Abstract Helminth parasites infect an alarmingly large proportion of the world's population, primarily within tropical regions, and their ability to down-modulate host immunity is key to their persistence. Helminths have developed multiple mechanisms that induce a state of hyporesponsiveness or immune suppression within the host; of particular interest are mechanisms that drive the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Helminths actively induce Tregs either directly by secreting factors, such as the TGF-β mimic Hp-TGM, or indirectly by interacting with bystander cell types such as dendritic cells and macrophag...
Source: Immunology - March 9, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: White MPJ, McManus CM, Maizels RM Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Mast cells and IgE in defense against lethality of venoms: Possible “benefit” of allergy
AbstractPhysicians think of mast cells and IgE primarily in the context of allergic disorders, including fatal anaphylaxis. This ‘bad side’ of mast cells and IgE is so well accepted that it can be difficult to think of them in other contexts, particularly those in which they may have beneficial functions. However, there is evidence that mast cells and IgE, as well as basophils (circulating granulocytes whose functions par tially overlap with those of mast cells), can contribute to host defense as components of adaptive type 2 immune responses to helminths, ticks and certain other parasites. Accordingly, allergies oft...
Source: Allergo Journal International - March 1, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The etiology of severe eosinophilia in hospitalized patients
Peripheral blood eosinophilia may represent a variety of clinical entities including atopy, parasitic infections, drug hypersensitivity, malignancy and others. Severe eosinophilia (>5000/mm3) is occasionally encountered in hospitalized patients. However, there are strikingly little data on its etiology.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 31, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yuval Tal, Oded Shamriz, Alon Hershko Source Type: research

Mechanisms of persistence, innate immune activation and immunomodulation by the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori.
Abstract The gastric bacterium Helicobacter pylori efficiently evades innate immune detection and persistently colonizes its human host. Understanding the genetic determinants that H. pylori uses to establish and maintain persistence, along with their cellular targets, is key to our understanding of the pathogenesis of this extraordinarily successful bacterial colonizer of the human stomach. This review highlights recent advances in elucidating innate immune recognition of H. pylori, its interactions with myeloid cells and the consequences that this very local infection has for immune responses at extragastric sit...
Source: Current Opinion in Microbiology - January 29, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Zhang X, Arnold IC, Müller A Tags: Curr Opin Microbiol Source Type: research

UK still free of coronavirus cases
Patients with symptoms advised to call GP rather than attend practice Related items fromOnMedica Warn patients that natural malaria immunity fades Single-dose malaria drug eliminates parasite from liver Should we have compulsory measles vaccination at school entry? Parents still following folklore methods for cold prevention Double check patients with ‘penicillin’ allergy to avoid MRSA risk
Source: OnMedica Latest News - January 26, 2020 Category: UK Health Source Type: news

Clinical Management of Seafood Allergy
Publication date: January 2020Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 8, Issue 1Author(s): Carla M. Davis, Ruchi S. Gupta, Ozge N. Aktas, Veronica Diaz, Sandip D. Kamath, Andreas L. LopataSeafood plays an important role in human nutrition and health. A good patient workup and sensitive diagnostic analysis of IgE antibody reactivity can distinguish between a true seafood allergy and other adverse reactions generated by toxins or parasites contaminating ingested seafood. The 2 most important seafood groupings include the fish and shellfish. Shellfish, in the context of seafood consumption,...
Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice - January 16, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Parasitic (Helminthic) Infection While on Asthma Biologic Treatment: Not Everything Is What It Seems
Source: Journal of Asthma and Allergy - December 11, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Journal of Asthma and Allergy Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 16, Pages 4859: Mosquitoes, Infectious Diseases, and Cancer: A Connection to Study?
lli Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are vectors of pathogens and parasites of great medical and veterinary relevance. The possible association between mosquitoes, infectious diseases, and cancer has been investigated. Despite its potential importance, there is a severe lack of research data on the topic. Herein, current knowledge, tenuous links, and related challenges on the topic were examined, grouping information under four major hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that the infection of mosquito-vectored parasites, with special reference to Plasmodium spp., may lead to cancer. The International Agency for Research o...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - December 2, 2019 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Carlos Brisola Marcondes Giovanni Benelli Tags: Benchmark Source Type: research

The extended understanding of chronic granulomatous disease
Purpose of review We briefly address the advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and phenotypes of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). This is one of the most studied primary immunodeficiencies, which comprise mutations in genes encoding the different subunits of the NADPH oxidase system. Those mutations lead to defective reactive oxygen species production, and consequently a failure to eliminate pathogens. Recent findings Patients with CGD are susceptible to fungal, bacterial, and parasitic infections. Other symptoms, as systemic adverse effects to BCG vaccine and hyperinflammation, are also important clinical condit...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - November 7, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RELATED DISORDERS: Edited by Jordan S. Orange Source Type: research

Context Dependent Role of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allergic Skin Inflammation
This article reviews the role of ILC in allergic skin diseases with a major focus on ILC2. While group 2 ILC are suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 dominated inflammation as seen in atopic dermatitis, we have shown that lack of ILC2 in type 1 dominated contact hypersensitivity results in enhanced inflammation, suggesting a regulatory role of ILC2 in this context. We provide a concept of how ILC2 may influence context dependent the mutual counterbalance between type I and type II immune responses in allergic skin diseases.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 5, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Uptick in Rare Bugs and Mites Uptick in Rare Bugs and Mites
Mobility, technology, and birds might be to blame for the rise in dermatologic parasites, according to researchers.Medscape Medical News
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - November 5, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Dermatology News Source Type: news

Plasma cytokine profiles associated with rhodesiense sleeping sickness and falciparum malaria co-infection in North Eastern Uganda
Immunological Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) studies often exclude malaria, although both infections overlap in specific endemic areas. During this co-infection, it is not known whether this parasitic int...
Source: Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology - October 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Julius Nsubuga, Charles Drago Kato, Ann Nanteza, Enock Matovu and Vincent Pius Alibu Tags: Research Source Type: research

Silver nanoparticles as a therapeutic agent in experimental cyclosporiasis.
In this study, silver nanoparticles were chemically synthesized to be evaluated for the first time for their anti-cyclospora effects in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed experimental mice in comparison to the standard treatment. The effect of silver nanoparticles was assessed through studying stool oocyst load, oocyst viability, ultrastructural changes in oocysts, and estimation of serum gamma interferon. Toxic effect of the therapeutic agents was evaluated by measuring liver enzymes, urea and creatinine in mouse sera. Results showed that silver nanoparticles had promising anti-cyclospora potentials. The animals th...
Source: Experimental Parasitology - October 10, 2019 Category: Parasitology Authors: Gaafar MR, El-Zawawy LA, El-Temsahy MM, Shalaby TI, Hassan AY Tags: Exp Parasitol Source Type: research

TNF induces production of type 2 cytokines in human group 2 innate lymphoid cells
It is well recognized that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a key role in both innate immunity to protect against parasitic pathogens and pathologic processes for many type 2 inflammatory diseases, including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).1,2 ILC2-mediated inflammation is mainly triggered through production of type 2 cytokines, including IL-5 and IL-13. Although the epithelium-derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are well appreciated to contribute to ILC2-mediated production of type 2 cytokines, recent studies found that members of the TNF superfami...
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - September 13, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Noriko Ogasawara, Julie A. Poposki, Aiko I. Klingler, Bruce K. Tan, Kathryn E. Hulse, Whitney W. Stevens, Anju T. Peters, Leslie C. Grammer, Kevin C. Welch, Stephanie S. Smith, David B. Conley, Ken-ichi Takano, Tetsuo Himi, Robert C. Kern, Robert P. Schle Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Eosinophilic esophagitis: Current concepts in diagnosis and treatment.
Abstract Eosinophilic esophagitis is an immune-allergic pathology of multifactorial etiology (genetic and environmental) that affects both pediatric and adult patients. Its symptoms, which include heartburn, regurgitation, and esophageal stenosis (with dysphagia being more frequent in eosinophilic esophagitis in young adults and children), are similar to those of gastroesophageal reflux disease, causing delays in diagnosis and treatment. Although endoscopic findings such as furrows, esophageal mucosa trachealization, and whitish exudates may suggest its presence, this diagnosis should be confirmed histologically b...
Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG - August 27, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Gómez-Aldana A, Jaramillo-Santos M, Delgado A, Jaramillo C, Lúquez-Mindiola A Tags: World J Gastroenterol Source Type: research