TNF induces production of type 2 cytokines in human group 2 innate lymphoid cells
It is well recognized that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a key role in both innate immunity to protect against parasitic pathogens and pathologic processes for many type 2 inflammatory diseases, including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).1,2 ILC2-mediated inflammation is mainly triggered through production of type 2 cytokines, including IL-5 and IL-13. Although the epithelium-derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are well appreciated to contribute to ILC2-mediated production of type 2 cytokines, recent studies found that members of the TNF superfamily (TNFSF), including TNFSF11 (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB [NF-κB; RANK] ligand), TNFSF15 (TNF-like cytokine 1A), and TNFSF18 (glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor [TNFR]–related protein [GITR] ligand), are also able to induce IL-5 and IL-13 in ILC2s through activation of their respective receptors: TNFR superfamily 11A (TNFRSF11A [RANK]), TNFRSF25 (d eath receptor 3) and TNFRSF18 (GITR).
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Noriko Ogasawara, Julie A. Poposki, Aiko I. Klingler, Bruce K. Tan, Kathryn E. Hulse, Whitney W. Stevens, Anju T. Peters, Leslie C. Grammer, Kevin C. Welch, Stephanie S. Smith, David B. Conley, Ken-ichi Takano, Tetsuo Himi, Robert C. Kern, Robert P. Schle Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
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