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Infectious Disease: Parasitic Diseases
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Total 613 results found since Jan 2013.
Eosinophils as Major Player in Type 2 Inflammation: Autoimmunity and Beyond
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021 May 26. doi: 10.1007/5584_2021_640. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEosinophils are a subset of differentiated granulocytes which circulate in peripheral blood and home in several body tissues. Along with their traditional relevance in helminth immunity and allergy, eosinophils have been progressively attributed important roles in a number of homeostatic and pathologic situations. This review aims at summarizing available evidence about eosinophils functions in homeostasis, infections, allergic and autoimmune disorders, and solid and hematological cancers.Their structural and biological features have b...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - May 25, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Marco Folci Giacomo Ramponi Ivan Arcari Aurora Zumbo Enrico Brunetta Source Type: research
Significance of Mast Cell Formed Extracellular Traps in Microbial Defense
AbstractMast cells (MCs) are critically involved in microbial defense by releasing antimicrobial peptides (such as cathelicidin LL-37 and defensins) and phagocytosis of microbes. In past years, it has become evident that in addition MCs may eliminate invading pathogens by ejection of web-like structures of DNA strands embedded with proteins known together as extracellular traps (ETs). Upon stimulation of resting MCs with various microorganisms, their products (including superantigens and toxins), or synthetic chemicals, MCs become activated and enter into a multistage process that includes disintegration of the nuclear mem...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - May 22, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Bee- and Wasp-Venom Sensitization in Schoolchildren of High- and Low-Socioeconomic Status Living in an Urban Area of Indonesia
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Sensitization against bee- or wasp-venom is quite prevalent among schoolchildren in Indonesia. The discordance between SPT and sIgE might suggest the direct (non-IgE) effect of venoms in skin reactivity. Recorded sensitizations had poor clinical relevance as they rarely translated into clinical symptoms.Int Arch Allergy Immunol
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - May 5, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Charcot-Leyden crystals and other protein crystals driving type 2 immunity and allergy
Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Apr 16;72:72-78. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.013. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTProtein crystals derived from innate immune cells have been synonymous with a Type-2 immune response in both mouse and man for over 150 years. Eosinophilic Galectin-10 (Charcot-Leyden) crystals in humans, and Ym1/Ym2 crystals in mice are frequently found in the context of parasitic infections, but also in diseases such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis. Despite their notable presence, these crystals are often overlooked as trivial markers of Type-2 inflammation. Here, we discuss the source, context, and role of protein...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - April 19, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Helena Aegerter Ursula Smole Ines Heyndrickx Kenneth Verstraete Savvas N Savvides Hamida Hammad Bart N Lambrecht Source Type: research
IgE autoantibodies: An innate connection to adaptive immunity
The IgE antibody was first discovered in 1919 through the search for the serum factor causing allergic reactions during blood transfers and was subsequently described as a distinct antibody subclass in 1960s.1 IgE is mostly well known for its role in hypersensitivity, parasite infection, and venom neutralization. Systemically, IgE is mostly localized close to mucosal surfaces and can be activated by extremely small amounts of antigen, even through aerosol exposure. It exerts a gatekeeper function in the immune system to activate innate immune cells.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - April 12, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xin Huang, Mikael C.I. Karlsson Tags: Paradigms and perspectives Source Type: research
Extracellular Vesicles: Schistosomal Long-Range Precise Weapon to Manipulate the Immune Response
Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis), a neglected tropical disease that affects more than 240 million people around the world, is caused by infection with the helminth parasite Schistosoma. As part of their secretome, schistosomes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that modulate the host immune response. The EV-harbored miRNAs upregulate the innate immune response of the M1 pathway and downregulate the differentiation toward the adaptive Th2 immunity. A schistosomal egg-derived miRNA increases the percentage of regulatory T cells. This schistosomal-inducible immunoediting process generates ultimately a parasitic friendly envir...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 18, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Reduction of Allergic Lung Disease by Mucosal Application of Toxoplasma gondii-Derived Molecules: Possible Role of Carbohydrates
ConclusionWe showed that mucosal application of TLA reduced the development of experimental allergy in mice. The beneficial effects depended on the timing of the application in relation to the time point of sensitization. Not only co-application, but also therapy in sensitized/allergic animals with native TLA reduced local allergic responses. Furthermore, we show that TLA is highly glycosylated and glycoconjugates seem to play a role in anti-allergic effects. In summary, given the powerful modulatory effect that TLA exhibits, understanding its exact mechanisms of action may lead to the development of novel immunomodulators...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 10, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Schistosome Infection and Schistosome-Derived Products as Modulators for the Prevention and Alleviation of Immunological Disorders
Parasitic helminths, comprising the flatworms (tapeworms and flukes) and nematodes (roundworms), have plagued humans persistently over a considerable period of time. It is now known that the degree of exposure to these and other pathogens inversely correlates with the incidence of both T helper 1 (Th1)-mediated autoimmunity and Th2-mediated allergy. Accordingly, there has been recent increased interest in utilizing active helminth worm infections and helminth-derived products for the treatment of human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and to alleviate disease severity. Indeed, there is an accumulating list of novel hel...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 22, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Respiratory Distress Syndrome Associated with Erythrodermic Psoriasis
We report the case of a 69-year-old man with a long history of psoriasis who developed acute respiratory distress during a disease flare-up. There was no relevant past history (except for mild emphysema), known allergy, or recent treatment. Chest X-ray revealed new bilateral infiltrates, confirmed at chest computed tomography scan. Repeated cultures on aspirate of the bronchoalveolar lavage remained negative for viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Cardiac ultrasound was normal and high-dose corticosteroid therapy was initiated. Within a few days his clinical and radiological status improved significantly.Case Rep Dermatol 2021;13:83 –88
Source: Case Reports in Dermatology - February 4, 2021 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
α-Gal specific-IgE prevalence and levels in Ecuador and Kenya: Relation to diet, parasites, and IgG4
IgE to α-Gal is a cause of mammalian meat allergy and has been linked to tick bites in North America, Australia, and Eurasia. Reports from the developing world indicate that α-Gal sensitization is prevalent but has been little investigated.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 1, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jeffrey M. Wilson, Behnam Keshavarz, Hayley R. James, Maya K.C. Retterer, Alexander J. Schuyler, Alice Knoedler, Lisa J. Workman, Lucy Ng ’ang’a, Martha E. Chico, Eva Rönmark, Peter W. Heymann, Matthew S. Perzanowski, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, Philip Source Type: research
α-Gal specific-IgE prevalence and levels in Ecuador and Kenya: relation to diet, parasites and IgG4
In tropical areas of the developing world IgE to α-Gal is prevalent and associated with Ascaris exposure, but represents a minor fraction of total IgE in comparison to meat allergic patients from the USA.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 1, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jeffrey Wilson, Behnam Keshavarz, Hayley James, Maya Retterer, Alexander Schuyler, Alice Knoedler, Lisa Workman, Lucy Ng ’ang’a, Martha E. Chico, Eva Rönmark, Peter Heymann, Matthew Perzanowski, Thomas Platts-Mills, Phillip Cooper Source Type: research
Clinical signs and diagnosis of feline atopic syndrome: detailed guidelines for a correct diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In a similar way to atopic dermatitis in dogs, FASS is a clinical diagnosis based on the presence of compatible clinical signs and exclusion of other diseases with similar clinical features. Elimination or exclusion of fleas/flea allergy, other parasites, infections and food allergy is mandatory before reaching a diagnosis of FASS.
PMID: 33470017 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Veterinary Dermatology - January 21, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Santoro D, Pucheu-Haston CM, Prost C, Mueller RS, Jackson H Tags: Vet Dermatol Source Type: research
