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The Pyk2/MCU Pathway in the Rat Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Ischemic Stroke
In this study, we explored the role of the Pyk2/MCU pathway in the ischemic brain following a stroke injury. We found that the Pyk2/MCU pathway is activated in a rat cerebral ischemia model, and is responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis. Inhibiting the Pyk2/MCU pathway with a Pyk2 inhibitor (PF-431396) prevented mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial injury, proapoptotic protein release, and cell death. Interestingly, human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) alleviated neuronal ischemic injury by inhibiting the Pyk2/MCU pathway, suggesting that the Pyk2/MCU pathway may be a protective target for is...
Source: Neuroscience Research - September 12, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Effects of High- Versus Moderate-Intensity Training on Neuroplasticity and Functional Recovery After Focal Ischemia Basic Sciences
Conclusions—Low-volume HIT based on lactate threshold seems to be more effective after cerebral ischemia than work-matched MOD to improve aerobic fitness and grip strength and might promote cerebral plasticity.
Source: Stroke - September 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Caroline Pin–Barre, Annabelle Constans, Jeanick Brisswalter, Christophe Pellegrino, Jerome Laurin Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke, Ischemic Stroke, Neuroprotectants Original Contributions Source Type: research

Thoracic extra-coronary calcification for the prediction of stroke: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
We examined whether the cumulative burden of thoracic extra-coronary calcification (ECC) improves prediction of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and stroke mortality beyond traditional risk factors and coronary artery calcium (CAC).
Source: Atherosclerosis - October 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sina Kianoush, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah, Geoffrey H. Tison, Joseph Yeboah, Michael D. Miedema, Matthew A. Allison, Nathan D. Wong, Andrew P. DeFilippis, William Longstreth, Khurram Nasir, Matthew J. Budoff, Kunihiro Ma Source Type: research

E-077 Laboratory analogs of challenging thromboemboli in acute ischemic stroke
Conclusion Thrombus analogs with mechanical characteristics similar to those of challenging clinical thrombi were successfully developed. The calcium apatite thrombus analog was found to be stiffer than the fibrin-rich thrombus analog. References . Saver JL et al: Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke. N Engl J Med 2015, 372(24):2285–2295. . Dorn F et al: Endovascular treatment of acute intracerebral artery occlusions with the solitaire stent: single-centre experience with 108 recanalization procedures. Cerebrovasc Dis 2012, 34(1):70–77. Disclosures: J. Chueh: None. J....
Source: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery - July 23, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Chueh, J., Litchman, J., Arslanian, R., Carniato, S., Rex, D., Howk, M., Gounis, M., Puri, A. Tags: Electronic Poster Abstracts Source Type: research

Associations of Calcium and Dairy Products with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Prospective Cohort Study.
Abstract Associations of calcium and dairy product intakes with cardiovascular disease risk and cancer mortality are controversial. We investigated associations of calcium and dairy product intakes with mortality in the prospective REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (n = 30,239). Of 2,966 total deaths, 32.3% were from CVD and 28.8% from cancer. For those in the upper relative to the lowest quintile of intakes, from Cox proportional hazards regression models, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality were 1.13 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.95-1.35; P-trend ...
Source: Nutrition and Cancer - November 10, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Um CY, Judd SE, Flanders WD, Fedirko V, Bostick RM Tags: Nutr Cancer Source Type: research

TRPM7 (Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-Like 7 Channel) Kinase Controls Calcium Responses in Arterial Thrombosis and Stroke in Mice.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify TRPM7 kinase as a key modulator of phospholipase C signaling and store-operated Ca(2+) entry in platelets. The protection of Trpm7(R/R) mice from acute ischemic disease without developing intracranial hemorrhage indicates that TRPM7 kinase might be a promising antithrombotic target. PMID: 29146750 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - November 16, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gotru SK, Chen W, Kraft P, Becker IC, Wolf K, Stritt S, Zierler S, Hermanns HM, Rao D, Perraud AL, Schmitz C, Zahedi RP, Noy PJ, Tomlinson MG, Dandekar T, Matsushita M, Chubanov V, Gudermann T, Stoll G, Nieswandt B, Braun A Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

Association between the TIMD4-HAVCR1 variants and serum lipid levels, coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke risk and atorvastatin lipid-lowering efficacy.
This study aimed to determine the TIMD4-HAVCR1 variants, their haplotypes and gene-environment interactions on serum lipid levels, the risk of CHD and IS, and the lipid-lowering efficacy of atorvastatin in a southern Chinese Han population. Genotypes of 3 variants in 622 controls, 579 CHD and 546 IS patients were determined by the Snapshot technology. Atorvastatin calcium tablet (20 mg/d) was given in 724 hyperlipidemic patients for 8 weeks after genotyping. The rs12522248 genotypic and allelic frequencies were different between controls and patients, and were associated with the risk of CHD and IS. The rs1501908G-rs125222...
Source: Bioscience Reports - December 5, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zhang QH, Yin RX, Chen WX, Cao XL, Chen YM Tags: Biosci Rep Source Type: research

Neuroprotective Effect and Mechanism of Action of Tetramethylpyrazine Nitrone for Ischemic Stroke Therapy
AbstractOur previous studies demonstrated that the multifunctional agent TBN, a derivative of tetramethylpyrazine armed with a nitrone moiety, displayed high therapeutic efficacy in experimental ischemic stroke models. However, its molecular mechanisms of action underlying the neuroprotective effect need further exploration. In the present study, we found that TBN had significant activities scavenging free radicals such as·OH, O2·− and ONOO−, inhibiting Ca2+ overload, maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing neuronal damage in primary cortical cultures. Further, TBN was effective in reducing brain infarction...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - February 6, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Serum Calcium is Related to the Degree of Artery Stenosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the concentration of serum calcium is higher in patients with more severe artery stenosis lesions and that the phosphatidylinositol signaling system is a key biological pathway involved in this process.Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;46:1189 –1197
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - April 23, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

The Pyk2/MCU pathway in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke
In this study, we explored the role of the Pyk2/MCU pathway in the ischemic brain following a stroke injury. We found that the Pyk2/MCU pathway is activated in a rat cerebral ischemia model, and is responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis. Inhibiting the Pyk2/MCU pathway with a Pyk2 inhibitor (PF-431396) prevented mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial injury, proapoptotic protein release, and cell death. Interestingly, human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) alleviated neuronal ischemic injury by inhibiting the Pyk2/MCU pathway, suggesting that the Pyk2/MCU pathway may be a protective target for is...
Source: Neuroscience Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Systems Pharmacology-Based Approach to Comparatively Study the Independent and Synergistic Mechanisms of Danhong Injection and Naoxintong Capsule in Ischemic Stroke Treatment.
Authors: Zhu J, Yi X, Zhang Y, Pan Z, Zhong L, Huang P Abstract To provide evidence for the better clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine preparations (TCMPs), comparison of the pharmacological mechanisms between TCMPs with similar therapeutic effect is necessary. However, methodology for dealing with this issue is still scarce. Danhong injection (DHI) and Naoxintong capsule (NXT) are representative TCMPs for ischemic stroke (IS) treatment, which are also frequently used in combination. Here they were employed as research objects to demonstrate the feasibility of systems pharmacology approach in elucidation o...
Source: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine - March 15, 2019 Category: Complementary Medicine Tags: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Source Type: research

Calcium-dependent blood-brain barrier breakdown by NOX5 limits postreperfusion benefit in stroke
Ischemic stroke is a predominant cause of disability worldwide, with thrombolytic or mechanical removal of the occlusion being the only therapeutic option. Reperfusion bears the risk of an acute deleterious calcium-dependent breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Its mechanism, however, is unknown. Here, we identified type 5 NADPH oxidase (NOX5), a calcium-activated, ROS-forming enzyme, as the missing link. Using a humanized knockin (KI) mouse model and in vitro organotypic cultures, we found that reoxygenation or calcium overload increased brain ROS levels in a NOX5-dependent manner. In vivo, postischemic ROS formation, in...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - March 19, 2019 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ana I. Casas, Pamela W.M. Kleikers, Eva Geuss, Friederike Langhauser, Thure Adler, Dirk H. Busch, Valerie Gailus-Durner, Martin Hrabê de Angelis, Javier Egea, Manuela G. Lopez, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Harald H.H.W. Schmidt Source Type: research

SWI filtered-phase imaging in calcific cerebral embolism secondary to cardiac myxoma
A 40-year-old man presented with transient weakness and visual field loss following syncope. Head CT showed multiple sulcal calcifications and a chest CT revealed a partially calcified left atrial myxoma (figure 1).1 MRI showed foci of restricted diffusion consistent with embolic infarcts.2 Calcific emboli are usually atheromatous in nature and have been associated with an increased risk of recurrent stroke.1 Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) filtered-phase images have shown value in differentiating between paramagnetic (e.g., methemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin in veins) and diamagnetic (calcium) substances due to their op...
Source: Neurology Clinical Practice - April 7, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Silva, G., Fabris, N., Varvarikos, J., Sills, T., Zamora, C. Tags: Stroke in young adults, MRI, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, Cardiac, Embolism Case Source Type: research

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