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Condition: Obesity

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Total 449 results found since Jan 2013.

Activated Kupffer cells inhibit insulin sensitivity in obese mice Research Communication
Obesity promotes insulin resistance associated with liver inflammation, elevated glucose production, and type 2 diabetes. Although insulin resistance is attenuated in genetic mouse models that suppress systemic inflammation, it is not clear whether local resident macrophages in liver, denoted Kupffer cells (KCs), directly contribute to this syndrome. We addressed this question by selectively silencing the expression of the master regulator of inflammation, NF-B, in KCs in obese mice. We used glucan-encapsulated small interfering RNA particles (GeRPs) that selectively silence gene expression in macrophages in vivo. Followin...
Source: FASEB Journal - June 30, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Tencerova, M., Aouadi, M., Vangala, P., Nicoloro, S. M., Yawe, J. C., Cohen, J. L., Shen, Y., Garcia-Menendez, L., Pedersen, D. J., Gallagher-Dorval, K., Perugini, R. A., Gupta, O. T., Czech, M. P. Tags: Research Communication Source Type: research

The glucose sensor ChREBP links de-novo lipogenesis to PPARγ activity and adipocyte differentiation.
Abstract Reduced de-novo lipogenesis (DNL) in adipose tissue, often observed in obese individuals, is thought to contribute to insulin resistance. Besides trapping excess glucose and providing for triglycerides and energy storage, endogenously synthesized lipids can function as potent signaling molecules. Indeed, several specific lipids and their molecular targets that mediate insulin sensitivity have been recently identified. Here we report that carbohydrate element binding protein (ChREBP), a transcriptional inducer of glucose utilization and DNL, controls the activity of the adipogenic master regulator peroxiso...
Source: Endocrinology - July 16, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Witte N, Muenzner M, Rietscher J, Knauer M, Heidenreich S, Nuotio-Antar AM, Graef FA, Fedders R, Tolkachov A, Goehring I, Schupp M Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Preadipocyte proliferation is elevated by calcium sensing receptor activation
This study evaluated whether CaSR activation elevates preadipocyte proliferation. Human LS14 preadipocytes were exposed to CaSR activators cinacalcet (2 µM), GdCl3 (5 µM) and spermine (1 µM), and cell viability was evaluated after 72h. CaSR activators elevated proliferation by 19–24%, and CaSR silencing (siRNA) abolished the effect. Cinacalcet elevated phospho-ERK1/2 content, and upstream inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation reverted cinacalcet-induced proliferation. Cinacalcet also elevated expression of the proinflammatory factors IL1β, IL6 and CCL2. The results suggest that CaSR induces preadipocyte prolifer...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - July 24, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

AMP-activated protein kinase suppresses the expression of LXR/SREBP-1 signaling-induced ANGPTL8 in HepG2 cells
Publication date: 15 October 2015 Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 414 Author(s): Jinmi Lee, Seok-Woo Hong, Se Eun Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Cheol-Young Park, Ki-Won Oh, Sung-Woo Park, Won-Young Lee ANGPTL8 is a liver-derived secretory protein that leads to elevated serum triglyceride and the level of circulating ANGPTL8 is strongly associated with obesity and diabetes. Here we investigated the mechanisms of activation and inhibition of ANGPTL8 expression in hepatocytes. The expression of ANGPTL8 was significantly increased in HepG2 cells exposed to palmitic acid, tunicamycin, or T0901317, and was r...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - August 8, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Leptin Enhances ICAM-1 Expression, Induces Migration and Cytokine Synthesis, and Prolongs Survival of Human Airway Epithelial Cells.
Abstract There is rising interest in how obesity affects respiratory diseases, since epidemiological findings indicate a strong relationship between the two conditions. Leptin is a potent adipokine produced mainly by adipocytes. It regulates energy storage and expenditure and also induces inflammation. Previous studies have shown that leptin is able to activate inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and granulocytes, but little is known about its effect on lung structural cells. The present study investigated the effects of leptin on human airway epithelial cells by using human primary airway epithelial cells and ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 14, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Suzukawa M, Koketsu R, Baba S, Igarashi S, Nagase H, Yamaguchi M, Matsutani N, Kawamura M, Shoji S, Hebisawa A, Ohta K Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: research

Role of adenoviruses in obesity
Conclusions: several adenoviruses increase adiposity in animals and are associated with obesity in humans. There are critical gaps in the literature needing further investigation including evaluation of other adenovirus subtypes and better research designs to improve the strength of causal inferences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Jameson D. Voss, Richard L. Atkinson, Nikhil V. Dhurandhar Tags: Review Source Type: research

High-fat diet induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the inhibition of autophagy
Conclusion HFD can cause cardiac injury by induction of apoptosis which is associated with autophagy dysregulation and ER stress. In addition, autophagy deficiency augments cardiac apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy serves as a pro-survival role in lipotoxic condition.
Source: European Journal of Nutrition - September 10, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Dengue virus requires the unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway for its infection in the mammalian host
Publication date: May–July 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issues 4–5 Author(s): Rebekah C. Gullberg, Richard J. Kuhn, Rushika Perera Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a significant global health concern with over 40% of the world’s population at risk and currently no therapeutics or vaccines available. Understanding host viral interactions is key to developing novel therapeutic options. Dengue virus is a positive sense RNA virus that induces the formation of invaginations in the endoplasmic reticulum to replicate its genome. Increased phospholipid biosynthesis is key to the formatio...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research

Irisin improves endothelial function in obese mice through the AMPK-eNOS pathway.
The objective of this study was to explore whether irisin exerts a direct vascular protective effect on endothelial function in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were given chow or a high-fat diet with or without treatment with irisin. Aortic endothelial function was determined by measuring endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDV). Nitric oxide (NO) in the aorta was determined. The effect of irisin on the levels of AMPK, Akt and eNOS phosphorylation in endothelial cells was determined. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to study the role of irisin in the AMPK-eNOS pathway. Acetylc...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - September 14, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Han F, Zhang S, Hou N, Wang D, Sun X Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Expression and Function of mARC: Roles in Lipogenesis and Metabolic Activation of Ximelagatran
In conclusion, our data indicate that mARC1 and mARC2 have different developmental expression profiles, and that mARC2 is involved in lipogenesis, is regulated by nutritional status and responsible for activation of ximelagatran into a mitotoxic metabolite(s).
Source: PLoS One - September 17, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Etienne P. A. Neve et al. Source Type: research

Elevated autophagy gene expression in adipose tissue of obese humans: A potential non-cell-cycle-dependent function of E2F1.
Abstract Autophagy genes' expression is upregulated in visceral fat in human obesity, associating with obesity-related cardio-metabolic risk. E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1) was shown in cancer cells to transcriptionally regulate autophagy. We hypothesize that E2F1 regulates adipocyte autophagy and endocrine/metabolic function in obesity, representing non-cell-cycle function of this transcription factor. E2F1 protein (N=69) and mRNA (N=437) were elevated in visceral fat of obese humans, correlating with increased expression of ATG5 (autophagy related 5), MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain ...
Source: Autophagy - September 22, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Haim Y, Blüher M, Slutsky N, Goldstein N, Klöting N, Harman-Boehm I, Kirshtein B, Ginsberg D, Gericke M, Guiu Jurado E, Kovsan J, Tarnovscki T, Kachko L, Bashan N, Gepner Y, Shai I, Rudich A Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells elicit macrophages into an anti‐inflammatory phenotype to alleviate insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Stem Cells - November 2, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Zongyan Xie, Haojie Hao, Chuan Tong, Yu Cheng, Jiejie Liu, Yaping Pang, Yiling Si, Yulin Guo, Li Zang, Yiming Mu, Weidong Han Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Insulin response dysregulation explains abnormal fat storage and increased risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Cohen Syndrome
This study, in association with the in-depth analysis of the metabolic status of the patients, thus allowed us to recommend appropriate nutritional education to prevent the occurrence of diabetes mellitus and to put forward recommendations for the follow-up of CS patients, in particular with regard to the development of metabolic syndrome. We also suggest replacing the term obesity by abnormal fat distribution in CS, which should reduce the number of inappropriate diagnoses in patients who are referred only on the basis of intellectual deficiency associated with obesity.
Source: Human Molecular Genetics - November 5, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Limoge, F., Faivre, L., Gautier, T., Petit, J.-M., Gautier, E., Masson, D., Jego, G., El Chehadeh-Djebbar, S., Marle, N., Carmignac, V., Deckert, V., Brindisi, M.-C., Edery, P., Ghoumid, J., Blair, E., Lagrost, L., Thauvin-Robinet, C., Duplomb, L. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

CCR4-NOT2 Promotes the Differentiation and Lipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via Upregulation of PPARγ, CEBPα and Inhibition of P-GSK3α/β and β-Catenin
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that CNOT2 promotes the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes via upregulation of PPAR#x03B3;, and CEBPα and inhibition of GSK3α/β and β-catenin signaling as a potent molecular target for obesity.Cell Physiol Biochem 2015;37:1881-1889
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - November 17, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

MicroRNA-125b-5p attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production by targeting inhibiting LACTB in THP-1 macrophages.
CONCLUSIONS: MiR-125b-5p attenuates the secretion of MCP-1 by directly targeting inhibiting LACTB in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. PMID: 26603571 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics - November 18, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lu JB, Yao XX, Xiu JC, Hu YW Tags: Arch Biochem Biophys Source Type: research