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Condition: Obesity

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Total 449 results found since Jan 2013.

Therapeutic DNA vaccine encoding CEMIP (KIAA1199) ameliorates kidney fibrosis in obesity through inhibiting the Wnt/ β-catenin pathway
CONCLUSION: DNA vaccine targeting CEMIP/Wnt1/β-catenin pathway plays a novel strategy in nephropathy.GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Immune therapy might provide a new therapeutic option on nephropathy of obesity.PMID:34582938 | DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130019
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - September 28, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chao-Hung Chen Guan-Ming Ke Pi-Chen Lin Kun-Der Lin Source Type: research

Musclin Mitigates the Attachment of HUVECs to THP-1 Monocytes in Hyperlipidemic Conditions through PPAR α/HO-1-Mediated Attenuation of Inflammation
This study aimed to explore the impact of musclin on inflammatory responses and the interaction between endothelial cells and monocytes under hyperlipidemic conditions. The attachment levels of THP-1 monocytes on cultured HUVECs were examined. Inflammation and the expression of cell adhesion molecules were also evaluated. To explore the molecular mechanisms of musclin, PPAR α or heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) siRNA transfection was performed in HUVECs. The results revealed that treatment with recombinant musclin effectively suppressed the attachment of palmitate-induced HUVECs to THP-1 cells and reduced the expression of cell ad...
Source: Inflammation - September 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Galectin-3 Deficiency Accelerates High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Amplifies Inflammation in Adipose Tissue and Pancreatic Islets.
Abstract Obesity-induced diabetes is associated with low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue and macrophage infiltration of islets. We show that ablation of Galectin-3, a galactoside-binding lectin, accelerates high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes. Obese LGALS3(-/-) mice have increased body weight, amount of total visceral adipose tissue, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR and markers of systemic inflammation compared to diet-matched WT animals. Obese LGALS3(-/-) visceral adipose tissue exhibited increased incidence of Type-1 T and NKT lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory CD11c+CD11b macrophages ...
Source: Diabetes - January 24, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pejnovic N, Pantic J, Jovanovic I, Radosavljevic G, Milovanovic M, Nikolic I, Zdravkovic N, Djukic A, Arsenijevic N, Lukic M Tags: Diabetes Source Type: research

Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Atherosclerosis via Activation of Adipose Angiopoietin-like 4.
CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia inducible factor 1-mediated increase in adipose Angptl4 and ensuing lipoprotein lipase inactivation may contribute to atherosclerosis in patients with sleep apnea. PMID: 23328524 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 17, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Drager LF, Yao Q, Hernandez KL, Shin MK, Bevans-Fonti S, Gay J, Sussan TE, Jun JC, Myers AC, Olivecrona G, Schwartz AR, Halberg N, Scherer PE, Semenza GL, Powell DR, Polotsky VY Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Knockdown of RyR3 Enhances Adiponectin Expression Through an atf3-Dependent Pathway.
In this study, we identified that ryanodine receptor (RyR)3 plays an important role in the regulation of adiponectin expression. RyR3 was expressed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and its level was decreased upon adipogenesis. Silencing of RyR3 expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes resulted in up-regulated adiponectin promoter activity, enhanced adiponectin mRNA expression, and more adiponectin protein secreted into the medium. An inverse relation between RyR3 and adiponectin mRNA levels was also observed in adipose tissues of db/db mice. In addition, knockdown of RyR3 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in db/db mice and high-fat di...
Source: Endocrinology - February 6, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tsai SH, Chang EY, Chang YC, Hee SW, Tsai YC, Chang TJ, Chuang LM Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Oleic acid stimulates system A amino acid transport in primary human trophoblast cells mediated by toll-like receptor 4 Research Articles
Obese women have an increased risk to deliver large babies. However, the mechanisms underlying fetal overgrowth in these pregnancies are not well understood. Obese pregnant women typically have elevated circulating lipid levels. We tested the hypothesis that fatty acids stimulate placental amino acid transport, mediated via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. Circulating NEFA levels and placental TLR4 expression were assessed in women with varying prepregnancy body mass index (BMI). The effects of oleic acid on system A and system L amino acid transport, and on the activ...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - February 12, 2013 Category: Lipidology Authors: Lager, S., Gaccioli, F., Ramirez, V. I., Jones, H. N., Jansson, T., Powell, T. L. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Delivery of siRNA to adipose macrophages in mice Physiology
Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and infiltration by macrophages is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese humans, offering a potential target for therapeutics. However, whether AT macrophages (ATMs) directly contribute to systemic glucose intolerance has not been determined. The reason is the lack of methods to ablate...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - May 14, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Aouadi, M., Tencerova, M., Vangala, P., Yawe, J. C., Nicoloro, S. M., Amano, S. U., Cohen, J. L., Czech, M. P. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Toll-like receptor 2 mediates high-fat diet-induced impairment of vasodilator actions of insulin.
Abstract Obesity is characterized by a chronic proinflammatory state that leads to endothelial dysfunction. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) stimulate Toll-like receptors (TLR) that promote metabolic insulin resistance. However, it is not known whether TLR2 mediates impairment of vascular actions of insulin in response to high-fat diet (HFD) to cause endothelial dysfunction. siRNA knockdown of TLR2 in primary endothelial cells opposed palmitate-stimulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines and splicing of X box protein 1 (XBP-1). Inhibition of unfolding protein response (UPR) reduced SFA-stimulated expression of T...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Jang HJ, Kim HS, Hwang DH, Quon MJ, Kim JA Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Toll-like receptor 2 mediates high-fat diet-induced impairment of vasodilator actions of insulin
Obesity is characterized by a chronic proinflammatory state that leads to endothelial dysfunction. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) stimulate Toll-like receptors (TLR) that promote metabolic insulin resistance. However, it is not known whether TLR2 mediates impairment of vascular actions of insulin in response to high-fat diet (HFD) to cause endothelial dysfunction. siRNA knockdown of TLR2 in primary endothelial cells opposed palmitate-stimulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines and splicing of X box protein 1 (XBP-1). Inhibition of unfolding protein response (UPR) reduced SFA-stimulated expression of TNFα. Thus, S...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 15, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jang, H.-J., Kim, H.-S., Hwang, D. H., Quon, M. J., Kim, J.-a. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Activation of type 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2R) promotes fatty acid oxidation through the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway.
In this study, we report that a specific agonist of the type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) can lead to fatty acid oxidation through the PGC-1α pathway. We have found that CB2R is expressed in differentiated C2C12 myotubes, and that use of the specific agonist trans-caryophyllene (TC) stimulates sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase activity by increasing the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), thus leading to increased levels of PGC-1α deacetylation. This use of TC treatment increases the expression of genes linked to the fatty acid oxidation pathway in a SIRT1/PGC-1α-dependent mechanism and also dr...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - June 4, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zheng X, Sun T, Wang X Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

ETC-1002 regulates immune response, leukocyte homing, and adipose tissue inflammation via LKB1-dependent activation of macrophage AMPK Research Articles
ETC-1002 is an investigational drug currently in Phase 2 development for treatment of dyslipidemia and other cardiometabolic risk factors. In dyslipidemic subjects, ETC-1002 not only reduces plasma LDL cholesterol but also significantly attenuates levels of hsCRP, a clinical biomarker of inflammation. Anti-inflammatory properties of ETC-1002 were further investigated in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and in in vivo models of inflammation. In cells treated with ETC-1002, increased levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation coincided with reduced activity of MAP kinases and decreased production...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 10, 2013 Category: Lipidology Authors: Filippov, S., Pinkosky, S. L., Lister, R. J., Pawloski, C., Hanselman, J. C., Cramer, C. T., Srivastava, R. A. K., Hurley, T. R., Bradshaw, C. D., Spahr, M. A., Newton, R. S. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Tcf19 is a novel islet factor necessary for proliferation and survival in the INS-1 beta cell line.
Abstract Recently, a novel type 1 diabetes association locus was identified at human chromosome 6p31.3, and TCF19 is a likely causal gene. Little is known about Tcf19, and we now show that it plays a role in both proliferation and apoptosis in insulinoma cells. Tcf19 is expressed in mouse and human islets, with increasing mRNA expression in non-diabetic obesity. The expression of Tcf19 is correlated with β-cell mass expansion, suggesting that it may be a transcriptional regulator of β-cell mass. Increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptotic cell death are two strategies to increase pancreatic β-cell mass an...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 16, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Krautkramer KA, Linnemann AK, Fontaine DA, Whillock AL, Harris TW, Schleis GJ, Truchan NA, Marty-Santos L, Lavine JA, Cleaver O, Kimple ME, Davis DB Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Regulation of Human Placental GH Genes in Obesity Gene Regulation
Human chorionic somatomammotropin (CS) and placental growth hormone variant (GH-V) act as metabolic adaptors in response to maternal insulin resistance, which occurs in “normal” pregnancy. Maternal obesity can exacerbate this “resistance,” suggesting that CS, GH-V, or transcription factors that regulate their production might be targets. The human CS genes, hCS-A and hCS-B, flank the GH-V gene. A significant decrease in pre-term placental CS/GH-V RNA levels was observed in transgenic mice containing the CS/GH-V genes in a model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced maternal obesity. Similarly, a decrease in CS/GH-V RNA le...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - August 2, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Vakili, H., Jin, Y., Menticoglou, S., Cattini, P. A. Tags: Gene Regulation Source Type: research