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Condition: Obesity

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Total 449 results found since Jan 2013.

Zinc transporter Slc39a14 regulates inflammatory signaling associated with hypertrophic adiposity.
Abstract Zinc is a signaling molecule in numerous metabolic pathways, the coordination of which occurs through activity of zinc transporters. The expression of zinc transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14), a zinc importer of the solute carrier 39 family, is stimulated under pro-inflammatory conditions. Adipose tissue up-regulates Zip14 during lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. A null mutation of Zip14 (KO) revealed that phenotypic changes in adipose include: increased cytokine production, increased plasma leptin, hypertrophied adipocytes, and dampened insulin signaling. Adipose tissue from KO mice had increased levels o...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - December 8, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Troche C, Aydemir TB, Cousins RJ Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

miR-212 downregulation contributes to the protective effect of exercise against non-alcoholic fatty liver via targeting FGF-21.
In this study, normal or high-fat diet (HF) mice were either subjected to a 16-week running program or kept sedentary. Exercise attenuated liver steatosis in HF mice. MicroRNA array and qRT-PCR demonstrated that miR-212 was overexpressed in HF liver, while reduced by exercise. Next, we investigated the role of miR-212 in lipogenesis using HepG2 cells with/without long-chain fatty acid treatment (±FFA). FFA increased miR-212 in HepG2 cells. Moreover, miR-212 promoted lipogenesis in HepG2 cells (±FFA). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, a key regulator for lipid metabolism, was negatively regulated by miR-212 at protein le...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - December 9, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xiao J, Bei Y, Liu J, Dimitrova-Shumkovska J, Kuang D, Zhou Q, Li J, Yang Y, Xiang Y, Wang F, Yang C, Yang W Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

The AMPK-related kinase SNARK regulates muscle mass and myocyte survival
The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is critical for sustaining health; however, the mechanisms responsible for muscle loss with aging and chronic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, are poorly understood. We found that expression of a member of the AMPK-related kinase family, the SNF1-AMPK-related kinase (SNARK, also known as NUAK2), increased with muscle cell differentiation. SNARK expression increased in skeletal muscles from young mice exposed to metabolic stress and in muscles from healthy older human subjects. The regulation of SNARK expression in muscle with differentiation and physiological stress suggests t...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - December 22, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Sarah J. Lessard, Donato A. Rivas, Kawai So, Ho-Jin Koh, André Lima Queiroz, Michael F. Hirshman, Roger A. Fielding, Laurie J. Goodyear Source Type: research

PGC-1 mediates the regulation of metformin in muscle irisin expression and function.
CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that Metformin stimulates irisin secretion from skeletal muscle into the circulation system of obese mice, and that PGC-1α is a critical regulator in this process. PMID: 26692929 [PubMed]
Source: American Journal of Translational Research - December 26, 2015 Category: Research Tags: Am J Transl Res Source Type: research

Miox in Obesity Molecular Bases of Disease
This study highlights mechanisms concerning the pathobiology of tubular injury in the context of myo-inositol oxygenase (Miox), a tubular enzyme. The kidneys of mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) had increased Miox expression and activity, and the latter was related to phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues. Also, expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein1 (Srebp1) and markers of cellular/nuclear damage was increased along with accentuated apoptosis and loss of tubular brush border. Similar results were observed in cells treated with palmitate/BSA. Multiple sterol-response elements and E-box motifs were fou...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 15, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Tominaga, T., Dutta, R. K., Joladarashi, D., Doi, T., Reddy, J. K., Kanwar, Y. S. Tags: Metabolism Source Type: research

Ahnak stimulates BMP2-mediated adipocyte differentiation through Smad1 activation.
CONCLUSIONS: A molecular mechanism was proposed in which Ahnak regulates adipocyte differentiation through Smad1 activation. PMID: 26813528 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Obesity - January 28, 2016 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Shin S, Seong JK, Bae YS Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: research

Reduced DPP4 activity improves insulin signaling in primary human adipocytes.
Abstract DPP4 is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface protease which is also released to the circulation as soluble DPP4 (sDPP4). Recently, we identified DPP4 as a novel adipokine oversecreted in obesity and thus potentially linking obesity to the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, sDPP4 impairs insulin signaling in an autocrine and paracrine fashion in different cell types. However, it is still unknown which functional role DPP4 might play in adipocytes. Therefore, primary human adipocytes were treated with a specific DPP4 siRNA. Adipocyte differentiation was not affected by DPP4 silencing. Interestingly, DPP4 red...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - February 9, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Röhrborn D, Brückner J, Sell H, Eckel J Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Zinc transporter Slc39a14 regulates inflammatory signaling associated with hypertrophic adiposity
Zinc is a signaling molecule in numerous metabolic pathways, the coordination of which occurs through activity of zinc transporters. The expression of zinc transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14), a zinc importer of the solute carrier 39 family, is stimulated under proinflammatory conditions. Adipose tissue upregulates Zip14 during lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. A null mutation of Zip14 (KO) revealed that phenotypic changes in adipose include increased cytokine production, increased plasma leptin, hypertrophied adipocytes, and dampened insulin signaling. Adipose tissue from KO mice had increased levels of preadipocyte marker...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - February 15, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Troche, C., Beker Aydemir, T., Cousins, R. J. Tags: Call for Papers Source Type: research

Linoleic acid and stearic acid elicit opposite effects on AgRP expression and secretion via TLR4-dependent signaling pathways in immortalized hypothalamic N38 cells.
In conclusion, our findings indicated that LA elicited inhibitory while SA exerted stimulatory effects on AgRP expression and secretion via TLR4-dependent inflammation and leptin/insulin pathways in N38 cells. These data provided a better understanding of the mechanism underlying fatty acids-regulated food intake and suggested the potential role of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids such as LA in reducing food intake and treating obesity. PMID: 26879142 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - February 12, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang S, Xiang N, Yang L, Zhu C, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Shu G, Jiang Q Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Estrogen promotes fat mass and obesity-associated protein nuclear localization and enhances endometrial cancer cell proliferation via the mTOR signaling pathway.
Authors: Zhu Y, Shen J, Gao L, Feng Y Abstract Extensive exposure to estrogen is generally acknowledged as a risk factor for endometrial cancer. Given that the accumulation of adipocytes also contributes to the increased production of estrogen, in the present study, we evaluated the expression of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene in endometrial tumor tissues and further explored the mechanism of how estrogen facilitates FTO nuclear localization and promotes endometrial cancer cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining assay was used to detect the FTO expression in endometrial tumor samples....
Source: Oncology Reports - February 19, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncol Rep Source Type: research

Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates inflammation and insulin resistance in pregnant skeletal muscle
Publication date: Available online 20 February 2016 Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Author(s): Stella Liong, Martha Lappas Sterile inflammation and infection are key mediators of inflammation and peripheral insulin resistance associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Studies have shown endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to induce inflammation and insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, however is paucity of studies investigating the effects of ER stress in skeletal muscle on inflammation and insulin resistance associated with GDM. ER stress proteins IRE1α, GRP78 and XBP-1s...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - February 20, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle from pregnant women
Publication date: 15 April 2016 Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 425 Author(s): Stella Liong, Martha Lappas Sterile inflammation and infection are key mediators of inflammation and peripheral insulin resistance associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Studies have shown endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to induce inflammation and insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, however is paucity of studies investigating the effects of ER stress in skeletal muscle on inflammation and insulin resistance associated with GDM. ER stress proteins IRE1α, GRP78 and XBP-1s were up...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - March 3, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Blockade of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 2 Signaling Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Systemic Glucose Intolerance in Mice.
Abstract Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is known to regulate insulin resistance in hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and pancreatic β-cells. Among its five cognate receptors (S1pr1-5), S1P seems to counteract insulin signaling and confer insulin resistance via S1pr2 in these cells. S1P may also regulate insulin resistance in adipocytes, but the S1pr subtype(s) involved remains unknown. Here we investigated systemic glucose/insulin tolerance and phenotypes of epididymal adipocytes in high-fat diet-fed wild-type and S1pr2-deficient (S1pr2(-/-)) mice. Adult S1pr2(-/-) mice displayed smaller body/epididymal fat tiss...
Source: Endocrinology - March 4, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kitada Y, Kajita K, Taguchi K, Mori I, Yamauchi M, Ikeda T, Kawashima M, Asano M, Kajita T, Ishizuka T, Banno Y, Kojima I, Chun J, Kamata S, Ishii I, Morita H Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Modulation of primary cilia length by melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1.
We report here that MCH treatment significantly reduced cilia length in hTERT-RPE1 cells (hRPE1 cells) transfected with MCHR1. Quantitative analyses indicated that MCH-induced cilia shortening progressed in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 lower than 1nM when cells were treated for 6h. Although the assembly and disassembly of primary cilia are tightly coupled to the cell cycle, cell cycle reentry was not a determinant of MCH-induced cilia shortening. We confirmed that MCH elicited receptor internalization, Ca(2+) mobilization, ERK and Akt phosphorylation, and inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation in MCHR1-expressing hR...
Source: Cellular Signalling - March 2, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Hamamoto A, Yamato S, Katoh Y, Nakayama K, Yoshimura K, Takeda S, Kobayashi Y, Saito Y Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

White-to-brite conversion in human adipocytes promotes metabolic reprogramming towards fatty acid anabolic and catabolic pathways
Conclusions Conversion of human white fat cells into brite adipocytes results in a major metabolic reprogramming inducing fatty acid anabolic and catabolic pathways. PDK4 redirects glucose from oxidation towards triglyceride synthesis and favours the use of fatty acids as energy source for uncoupling mitochondria. Graphical abstract
Source: Molecular Metabolism - March 18, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research